Mediastinum Overview (PDF)

The Mediastinum (1): Overview Prof. Mohammed Z. Allouh Images included in this presentation were adapted from the following recommended Atlas and Textbooks: Grant’s Atlas of...

The Mediastinum (1): Overview Prof. Mohammed Z. Allouh Images included in this presentation were adapted from the following recommended Atlas and Textbooks: Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, 13th ed. Anne M. R. Agur, Aruther F. Dalley. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 9th ed. Richard S. Snell. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed. Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley, Anne M. R. Agur. Copyright © 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 4th ed. Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam W. M. Mitchell. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. 1 The Thoracic Cavity Subdivided into 3 compartments: - Two pulmonary spaces  peripheral (lateral) compartments (Rt. & Lf.)  Contain pleurae & lungs - One mediastinum (L, middle septum)  central compartment of thoracic cavity that separates the 2 pulmonary spaces.  It contains all thoracic viscera except ?? 2 1  Boundaries of Mediastinum Sup.: superior thoracic aperture Inf.: diaphragm Ant.: sternum & 2-6 Costal cartilages Post.: thoracic vertebrae Laterally: pleurae & lungs **Mediastinum is subdivided anatomically into 4 parts 3 Subdivisions of Mediastinum I- Superior Mediastinum Superior thoracic aperture  *Transverse Thoracic Plane* II- Inferior Mediastinum: Transverse thoracic plane  diaphragm Further subdivided into: 1- Anterior Mediastinum space between sternum & pericardium 2- Middle Mediastinum pericardium & Heart 3- Posterior Mediastinum between pericardium & thoracic vertebrae (Which vertebrae?) 4 2  Transverse Thoracic Plane An imaginary plane that extends from the sternal angle anteriorly to the IV disc between T4-T5 vertebrae posteriorly 5 Attendance 6 3  Anterior Mediastinum - The smallest subdivision of mediastinum - Lies between: body of sternum  anteriorly pericardium  posteriorly sternal angle (TTP)  superiorly diaphragm  inferiorly 7 Contents of Anterior Mediastinum - Adipose tissue (fat) - Sternopericardial ligaments fibrous tissue attaching the pericardium to the sternum anteriorly. - Inferior part of the Thymus  in children  major part of the thymus is found in the superior mediastinum 8 4