Communication Technology PDF

10/20/2024 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Prepared by Romeo A. Sebastian 1 Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Understand the concept of communication technology; Describe phy...

10/20/2024 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Prepared by Romeo A. Sebastian 1 Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Understand the concept of communication technology; Describe physical and wireless communications channels; Explain connection devices and services; Discuss data transmission factors, including bandwidth and protocols; Discuss networks and key terminology, including network interface cards and operating systems; 2 2 1  10/20/2024 Learning Outcomes… Describe different types of networks, including local, home, wireless, personal, metropolitan, and wide area networks; Describe network architectures, including topologies and strategies; Discuss the organization’s issues related to network security. 3 3 Introduction The convergence of communication technologies with computer systems have brought about the digitization of the telephone and other telecommunications networks. Through these networks, computers are now linked with one another making it possible to communicate and share resources with anyone, anytime, anywhere. 4 2  10/20/2024 What is Communication Technology? It refers to the tools, systems, devices, and processes that facilitate the exchange of information between people or systems. This technology encompasses a wide range of mediums and platforms, both analog and digital, that enable communication across various distances, formats, and speeds. 5 What are the Communication Systems? Numerous applications depend on communication systems, including:  E-mail  Instant messaging  Internet telephone  Electronic commerce  Telemedicine  Telecommuting  Webinars and online meeting 6 3  10/20/2024 What is Connectivity? Connectivity uses computer networks to link people and resources. The Wireless Revolution A dramatic change in connectivity and communications has been widespread use of mobile devices like smartphones and tablet PCs with wireless Internet connectivity. 7 Communication systems Four basic elements : 1. Sending and receiving devices – computer or a specialized communication device 2. Communication channel – carries the message 3. Connection devices – act as an interface between sending and receiving devices; convert outgoing messages into packets that can travel across the communication channel 4. Data transmission specifications - rules and procedures that coordinate the sending and receiving devices 8 4  10/20/2024 Communication Channels Communication channels carry the data from one computer to another Two categories of communication channels 1. Physical Connections 2. Wireless Connections 9 Physical Connections Twisted pair cable Telephone lines Ethernet cables Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable 10 5  10/20/2024 Wireless connections Do not use a solid substance to connect; uses the air itself Radio frequency (RF) Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) Bluetooth (short-range) – 33 ft WiMax (extends Wi-Fi) - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Microwave -- uses high-frequency radio waves, line of sight communications, travel in a straight line, used for short distances Satellite -orbiting about 22,000 miles above the earth as microwave relay stations, example Global positioning system (GPS) Infrared – used light waves used, short distances and line of sight 11 Kinds of Communication Channels 12 6  10/20/2024 Connections Device Signals Types of signals  Analog - telephone signals; continuous electronic wave  Digital - computer signals; presence or absence of an electronic pulse; on/off Transfer rate - refers to the speed at which data is transmitted from one device or system to another, typically over a network or communication channel. 13 Connection Devices Types of modems (modulator-demodulator)  Telephone modem (either internal or external)  DSL (digital subscriber line) - external and uses either USB or Ethernet  Cable modem - uses either USB or Ethernet, uses coaxial cable  Wireless modem (WWAN - wireless wide area network modem) – Signals are sent through the air 14 7  10/20/2024 Connection Services Leased lines Cable Do not require conventional modems Uses existing TV cable and provide very high capacity and is Faster than DSL expensive Satellite connection services Digital subscriber line (DSL) Use almost anywhere Uses phone lines Slower than DSL and cable ADSL is most widely used type of DSL modem Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Cellular Services is a technology that facilitates fast data transmission at a high 3G, 4G and 5G cellular bandwidth on existing copper wire network connectivity telephone lines to homes and businesses. 15 Notes: T1, T2, T3, and T4 leased lines – do not require conventional modems and provide very high capacity and is expensive—mainly used by corporations not typical end user; T1 lines provide a speed of 1.5 mbps (mega bits per second)(key term) which is over 26 times as fast as a conventional modem DSL – uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections; uses DSL modems, ADSL – asymmetric digital subscriber line Cable – Cable connections (Skycable, Destiny, Home cable) Satellite/air connection services – two-way satellites capable of handling both uploading and downloading; available almost anywhere but slower than DSL Cellular services – option for mobile devices and laptops using 3G and 4G cellular networks 16 8  10/20/2024 What is Bandwidth? Measurement of the width or capacity of the communication channel. It means how much information can move across the communication channel in a given amount of time. Four types: 1. Voice band also known as low bandwidth (standard phone line). 2. Medium band - special leased lines to connect minicomputers and mainframes (for larger computer systems). 3. Broadband - used for high-capacity transmissions (DSL, cable, satellite connections); 4. Baseband - widely used to connect individual computers that are located close to one another 17 What is Protocols? Communication rules for exchanging data between computers Internet standard: TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol)  Identification – unique IP address  Packetization – information broken down into small parts and then reassembled 18 9  10/20/2024 What is Networks? A communication system that connects two or more computers Allows exchange of information and resources 19 Computer Networks Node – any device connected to a network Client – a node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes Server – a node that shares resources with other nodes; dedicated servers specialize in performing specific tasks—could be an application server, communication server, database server, file server, printer server, or Web server Directory server – a specialized server that manages resources such as user accounts for an entire network 20 10  10/20/2024 Computer Networks… Host – large centralized computer Switch – the center or central node for other nodes; also known as a hub Network interface cards (NIC) – connect the computer to a network Network operating system (NOS) – software to control and coordinate activities between computers on a network Network administrator – a computer specialist; network administrator 21 Types of Networks Local Area Network (LAN) – a network that serves users within a confined area such as a building or a campus Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – covers a geographic area the size of a city Wide Area Network (WAN) – covers a wide geographical area such as a country. Internet is the best example of a WAN. Wireless LAN (WLAN) 22 11  10/20/2024 Types of Networks… Home Area Network (HAN) – a network that serves users within a household; uses wires, cables or wireless connection to link a household digital devices Garden Area Network (GAN) – can be used to link watering systems, outdoor light, and alarm systems Personal Area Network (PAN) – uses short-range wireless technology to connects an individual’s personal electronics 23 Network Architecture Network Topology - physical arrangement of the network 1. Star Network 2. Tree Network 3. Mesh Network Network Strategies - how information and resources are shared 1. Client Server Network 2. Peer-to-Peer Network 24 12  10/20/2024 Star Network All communications pass through the switch; each connecting device is asked whether it has a message to send and then each device is in turn allowed to send its message The switch sends the message to the intended recipient. Each device connected directly to a central network switch Return 25 Tree Network The central node is connected to two or more subordinate nodes that in turn are connected to other subordinate nodes Each device connected to a central node either directly or through subordinate nodes Also called hierarchical network. Return 26 13  10/20/2024 Mesh Network Does not use a specific physical layout, but requires that each node have more than one connection to other nodes Wireless technologies are frequently used Return 27 Token Ring Network all computers are connected in a continuous loop 28 14  10/20/2024 Bus Network Clients To other components Server Printer all computers are connected to a common channel 29 29 Client-Server Network Central computers coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network Server provides access to Web pages, databases, application software, and hardware Return 30 15  10/20/2024 Client-server LAN Print server File Server Clients Printer 31 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network Nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers File sharing software such as eDonkey and BitTorrent used to share files with other microcomputers Easy and inexpensive to set up Lack of security controls Return 32 16  10/20/2024 Peer to peer LAN Printer Printer Peers 33 33 Organizational Networks Intranet  Private network within an organization  Works like the Internet, where employees use browsers to access Web sites and Web pages Extranet  Private network that connects organizations  Works like the Internet, but provides suppliers and other trusted partners with limited access to the organization’s networks 34 17  10/20/2024 What is an Intranet? It uses Internet standards and protocols, and technologies to provide a closed network within an organization. It is an internal corporate network that provides access to information and allows communication limited only within an organization. 35 How is Internet different from Intranet? The Internet has many networks connected to it. It is open for access by many organizations. Its mission is not limited to one organization alone but caters to the entire world. Both types of networks use the same protocols, standards, technologies and procedures but in an intranet permissions are granted only to members of the organization for which it was created. 36 18  10/20/2024 Network Security Firewall  Hardware and software controls access to network  Protects against external threats Intrusion detection system (IDS)  Works with firewall to protect organization's network  Analyzes all incoming and outgoing network traffic Virtual private network (VPN)  Creates a secure private network connection between your computer and the organization 37 Youtube videos on Communication Technologies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M-X6pPy0J6I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRs-BsiQinE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3mNn0btW6s 38 19  10/20/2024 Open-Ended Questions 1/3 Describe communication technology including connectivity, the wireless revolution, and communication systems. Discuss communication channels including physical connections (twisted-pair, coaxial, and fiber-optic cable) and wireless communications (radio frequency, microwave, satellite, and infrared). Discuss connection devices including modems (telephone, DSL, cable, and wireless modems). 39 Open-Ended Questions 2/3 Discuss data transmission including bandwidths (voiceband, medium band, broadband, and baseband) as well as protocols (IP addresses, domain name servers, and packetization). Discuss networks by identifying and defining specialized terms that describe computer networks. Discuss network types including local area, home, wireless, personal, metropolitan, and wide area networks. 40 20  10/20/2024 Open-Ended Questions 3/3 Define network architecture including topologies (star, tree, and mesh) and strategies (client/server and peer-to-peer). Discuss organization networks including Internet technologies (intranets and extranets) and network security (firewalls, proxy servers, intrusion detection systems, and virtual private networks). 41 References: Baecker, R.M., (2019). Computers and society : modern perspectives. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press. Caoili-Tayuan, R.R. (2019). Living in the information technology era. Quezon City : C & E Publishing Inc. Computing Essentials. McGraw-Hills, 2013. Current scenario of information technology in library science. (2019). New Delhi, India : Random Publications. David, L. T. (2006). Empowering Information Professionals: A Training Programme on Information and Communication technology. Module 1. Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies. Teacher's guide. Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok. O'Leary, T. J. (2019). Computing essentials : making IT work for you. New York: McGraw. Parsons, J. (2012). Computer concepts: comprehensive. Cengage Learning. Shelly, G. (2012). Discovering Computers, complete. Cengage Learning. 42 21  10/20/2024 Task : Historical Timeline 1. Create a Timeline on Communication Technology in the Philippines. 2. Put all the sources and references you used. 3. Output: PowerPoint Presentation 4. Submission will be on the 28th of October 2024 to my email [email protected] 43 FIN!  Thank You!!! 44 22