Microbiology Notes PDF

150 Klebsiellae Citrobacter 1. Opportunist; UTI , pneumonia ; 1. Opportunist ampicillin-r esistant 2. Lysine negative 2. Kleb siella...

150 Klebsiellae Citrobacter 1. Opportunist; UTI , pneumonia ; 1. Opportunist ampicillin-r esistant 2. Lysine negative 2. Kleb siella a. Non-motile 3. Similar to Salmonella biochemically b. Has capsule Proteus c. Ur ea variable 1. Key Characteristics d. Ornithine negative a. Urea positive e. VP positive f. Can cause lobar pneumonia b. Deaminase positive g. New member: K. granulomatis 2. P. mirabilis ❖ Formerly Ca.lymanatohactedum a. Most sensitive to penicillins ❖ STI b. Indole negative 3. Enterohacter 3. P. vulgaris a. Motile a. Indole positive b. Ornithine positive b. H2S positive 4. Serratia Yersinia a. May produce r ed pigment 1. Y. enterocolitica b. DNase, gelatinase positive a. Optimal growth = RT; cold enrichment c. VP positive b. Invasive and toxigenic Klebsiella 2. Y. pseudo tuber culosis - Acute mesenteric pn.eumoniae lymphadenitis and "pseudotuher cules" Kleb pneumo in 3. Y. p estis - bubonic plague lungs, where Plesiomonas else would I be? 1. Oxidase positive Maybe in a wound, bladder 2. Reclassified into E11ter ohacteriaceae or kidney. 3. Lophotrichous flagella I hove no flagella and I can't swim. 4. Associated with diarrheal disease Test this out with S-1-M. BIOCHEMICAL TESTS I'm blue on citrate, prefer lysine. 1. Oxidase test Maybe pink on urea, hate ornithine. a. Reagent tetramethyl p- Salmonella phenylenediamine dihydrochloride b. Positive = purple 1. Large number needed for infection (> 100,000) 2. Nitrate test a. Reagen ts - a-naphthylamine, 2. Biochemical r eactions sulfanilic acid a. H2S positive b. Positive= pink (use zinc powder to b. Lysine positive confirm) c. Indole negative d. Urea negative 3. ONPG test a. Detects B-d-galactosidase 3. S. enterica- >2000 serot yp es including b. Reagent - O-nitrophenyl-B-d- a. S. cholerasuis - septicemia galactopyranoside b. S. typhi - typhoid fever c. Positive = yellow ❖ B.lood positive early - 1st week ❖ S too.l positive late- 2nd-3rd week 4. TSI (triple sugar iron agar) slant c. S. arizon e - ONPG pos (other s n eg) a. 0.1% glucose, 1% sucrose, 1% lactose b. Yellow butt - glucose fermented c. Yellow slant - lactose or sucrose fermented  151 d. Red slant - neither lactose nor ❖ Also tests for motility and indole sucrose fermented (Kovac's) e. Black butt - H2S produced 8. Indole test 5. Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) - same as TSI a. lndole split from tryptophan but with only glucose, and l actose, no b. Reagent (Kovac 's) - p-dimethyl- sucrose aminobenzaldehyde c. Positive = pink 6. Citrate test a. Media green 9. Urease test b. Positive = blue a. Urea hydolyzed to ammonia and CO2 7. Decarboxylase tests b. Phenol red indicator turns pink if a. Measures ability to decarboxylate positive amino acids ❖ Lysine +- Cadaveri.ne 10. Voges-Proskauer (VP) ❖ Ornithi.ne +- Putrescine a. Detects acetylmethylcarbinol ❖ Arginine +- Putresci.ne (acetoin) ❖ Indicator dye = bromcresol purple b. Reagents= KOH and a-naphthol b. Lysine iron agar (LIA) c. Positive = pink ❖ Has H2S indicator ❖ 0.1 % glucose and 1% lysine ❖ Positive = purple butt ❖ Slant of LIA turns red for lysine deaminase c. Motility-indole-ornithine (MIO) Breakdown Products of ❖ 0.1 % glucose and 1% ornithine Amino Acids ❖ Positive = purple butt ((A)\ REMEMBER! !:~:::!:~~7':;~:e (TSI Reactions) ~ The yellow sun shining over the hot desert = A/A. The moon shining over the desert = KIA. The moon over the mountain = K/K. AJA KIA, H2S + KIA K/K (Sun over Desert) (Moon over Desert) (Moon over Desert) (Moon over Mountain) ~a~ ~ :.M-f· ·'-~· ·~ ,:.. ··. -~;:,,;:.'~.?,· :'.,.r·... ·~' ,. *}) /,/I\'...!' , I tf.P~ p seudomonas ~ ~~.,. Pseudo"moon"as FIRECRACKERS S higella Ci trobacter S erratia C itrobacter C itrobacter P rovidencia E scherichia A rizona A rizona P lesiomonas E nterobacter P roteus S almonella P roteus K lebsiella Wear a cap to E dwardsiella Seek shelter in the protect yourself A case of fire- Y ersinia from the geyser bot desert. (H2S +). crackers going off Sk(c)ipppy Coyote smells like sulphur. howls at the moon. (H2S +). 152 TS/ - Biochemical Reactions A/A K/A K/K Escherichia Proteus Salmonella Shigella Pseudomonas (indole+) (urea+, deam+) (ma/-, ONPG-) (citrate-, non-motile) (ox+, blue-green pigment, growth at 4 2 "C, growth in Enterobacter Arizona Citrobacter Providencia cetrimide) (ODC+, sugars) (LDC+) (LDC-) (deam+) Other non-fermenters Klebsiella Citrobacter Edwardsiella Citrobacter (ODC-) (LDC-) (indole+, LDC+) (citrate+) Serratia P/esiomonas (sugars) (oxidase +) Proteus (urea+, deam+) Yersinia (small colonies, urea+, dea,n-) Positive Reactions in Biochemical Tests Enterobacteriaceae - A/A, Gas © 0 Urea I I lndole 0 © Phe deaminase 0 I I I I © Citrate 0 © LDC 0 © I lndole 0 I I © LDC 0 I I Citrobacter I E.coli © ODC 0 Proteus Proteus Arizona Citrobacter vulgaris mirabilis (H,S+) I Enterobacter I Enterobacter agglomerans © ODC 0 © I Gelatin 0 I Klebsiella Biochemical Reactions of I Serratia I Lactose Ent.erobacteriaceae © Citrate 0 I Enterobacter I Hafniae aerogenes a/vei  153 Enterobacfertaceae - K/A, H2S+ EB - - - - - - Urea or Phenylalanine deam - - - - - - 0 (PDA) EB I lndole 0 @ I lndole 0 I Proteus vulgaris I Proteus mirabilis Ed C 7 @ LDC 0 CitrobactJ, freundii 0 ODC EB l Salmonella typhi I Salmonella sp (most subgroups) 11. Phenylalanine deaminase ❖ Pigm en t production a. Reagent = ferric chloride l@j' Pyocyanin (blue green ) h. Positive= green 11'.i" P yoruhin (rust) GRAM NEGATIVE NON-FERMENTERS 11'.i" P yoverdin (fluorescent) g. Drug resistant 1. Oxidase- positive (some exception s, i. e. h. Infections- burns, pneumonia, Stenotrophomonas) swimmer's ear, eye infections, UTI 2. May not grow on MacConkey's agar 5. Burkholderia cepacia 3. Glucose NOT fermented a. Oxidase weakly positive a. TSI= alk/alk b. Growth on MAC b. Oxidative Fermentative (OF ) media c. Oxidizer ( OF) ❖ Semi-solid d. Polymyxin B r esistant ❖ Low protein e. Opportunistic pathogen ❖ Bromthymol blue indicator ❖ Serious infection in CF patients ❖ Incubate tubes in pairs ❖ Yellow-brown insoluble pigment 11cW Open- oxygen 11cW Closed - oxygen-restricted i& Pair of tubes yellow = fermenter 11cW Pair of tubes green = asaccharolytic (non-utilizer) 11'.i" Open tube yellow and closed tube green = oxidizer 4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa a. Most colOJllon b. Oxidase positive c. Growth on MAC (lactose n egative) d. Oxidizer (OF) Organisms Associated witb e. Polymyxin B susceptible Cystw Fibrosis f. Opportunistic pathogen ❖ Mucoid in CF patients