Hepatitis and Immunodeficiency Diseases PDF

46 CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) 1. Herpes virus a. Usually causes asymptomatic...

46 CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) 1. Herpes virus a. Usually causes asymptomatic infection h. May be serious in Basic ANA Patterns immunocompromised patients and infants receiving transfusions 2. Presence of antibody does not prevent ANA Confirmatory Tests reinfection 3. Test using ELISA procedur e VIRAL HEPATITIS Associate Autoimmune Dillease with Speci.6.c 1. Inflammat ory disease of the liver Antibodies 2. Associated with increase in liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT) ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY (AIDS) 3. Diagnosis depends on appearance of 1. HIV-1 r etrovirus attacks CD4+ cells specific antigens and antibodies in (T helper and macrophage) serum ( see chart) 2. Clinical manifestations may include pneumococcus pneumonia, Kaposi sarcom a, recurrent infections 3. Lah tests a. Screen using ELISA procedure for HIV-1 antibody b. Confirm Screening and Confirmatory ❖ West ern Blot (positive if bauds Tea~forlHV for p24, gp41 and gpl20 or gp160 are present) Interpretation of ❖ Nucleic acid testing Hepatitis B Testing c. T helper/T regulatory ratio is decreased Serodiagnosis of Hepatitis HBsAg HBeAg Anti-HBe Anti-HBc Anti-HBc Anti-HBs Anti-HAV Anti-HCV Interpretation (lgM) (lgM) - - - - - - + - Recent Acute Hepatitis A Infection Acute Hepatitis B + + - +I- +!- - - - Infection (highly infectious) Chronic Hepatitis B/ + + +!- +I- + - - - Carrier State Immunity to - - + - + + - - Hepatitis B Due to Past Infection Immunity to - - - - - + - - Hepatitis B Due to Vaccination - - - - - - - + Hepatitis C Infection  47 REMEMBER! · Hepatitis (Hepatitis B Antigens & Antibodies) Hep will help you remember the order of Hepatitis B antigens & antibodies! Picture Hep with a shovel trying to clig to the center of the earth. 2) Next, he goes 4) As Hep backs through the out be fills the earth (HBeAg) hole with earth (Anti-HBe) 3) Fipally hv 5)... and, finally 1) First, Hep starts at the surface 1_ rn&ch¢-S tli.e ,, reaches the (HBsAg) ,por~ ,'! -- smi"ace (An,ti-f!Bf).-, (Anti-HBs) Acute Hepatitis B Diagnostic Profile Incubation Acute Infection. Early Recovery Recove Duration (A,., _ (2 ,_,i.,.a moolhs) (3-6 moolhs) 6-13weeks) 1 c; 0 :; l:; C..,..._..J.... anti-HBs \ti 0.s,.... , _ _ _ 5 0 anti HBe, ~ :; 'ii a: Time - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - source:CDC Autoimmune Diseases ·';Dis~,,; Associated with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) 'Olil{ocliinaiJgG B~ds in 1. Autoantibodies to myelin sheath of. Spinal Fluid· nerves or myelin basic protein 2. Laboratory findings a. Oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF but not in serum (indicates CNS production) b. Usually IgG --Auto.immune Diseases