Week 1, Part 1: HAPP - Laboratory - Emilio O Aguinaldo College

WEEK 1 Part 1 HAPP – Laboratory Instructor: Jerra May Mercado, MD OUTLINE OF ACTIVITIES PRE-LAB DISCUSSION Topic 1 – The Basics of HAP Topic 2 – The Microscope Topic 3 – Four Basic Tissue Types Borrow materials from the laboratory Activity proper Return...

WEEK 1 Part 1 HAPP – Laboratory Instructor: Jerra May Mercado, MD OUTLINE OF ACTIVITIES PRE-LAB DISCUSSION Topic 1 – The Basics of HAP Topic 2 – The Microscope Topic 3 – Four Basic Tissue Types Borrow materials from the laboratory Activity proper Return materials to laboratory Dismissal REMINDER: Activity Worksheets submission today. 1 - THE BASICS TERMS TO REMEMBER: Anatomy is the study of structures, Physiology is the study of how these structures function, and Pathology is the study of disease. Standard Anatomical Position: The body is upright Legs close together Feet are flat on the floor Arms are close to the sides Head, toes, and palms of the hands are facing forward. TERMS TO REMEMBER: 1. Anatomical Terms of Direction 2. Anatomical Regions 3. Anatomical Planes 4. Anatomical Positions 5. Anatomical Cavities ANATOMICAL TERMS OF DIRECTION 1. Anterior or Ventral 2. Posterior or Dorsal 3. Superior vs. Inferior 4. Medial vs. Lateral 5. Proximal vs. Distal 6. Superficial vs. Deep 7. Right vs. Left ANATOMICAL REGIONS Axial Appendicul ar Abdominal Brachial Axillary Carpal Cranial Cubital Cervical Femoral Facial Palmar Inguinal Patellar Pelvic Plantar Thoracic Tarsal Umbilical ANATOMICAL REGIONS Abdominal Area 9 Regions 4 Quadrants ANATOMICAL PLANES Sagittal  right from left Transverse or Horizontal  top from bottom Frontal or Coronal  front from back ANATOMICAL CAVITIES Dorsal Cavity Cranial Vertebral Thoracic Cavity Pleural Pericardial Mediastinum Abdominopelvic Cavity Abdominal Pelvic 2 - MICROSCOPE Definition of Terms: Magnification Ability of the microscope to enlarge an image. Resolution Ability of the lens to distinguish two points as clear and as distinct. The degree to which a microscope can distinguish fine details Parts: Eyepiece (Ocular Lens) The part that is looked through at the top of the compound microscope. Objective Lenses 3-5 optical lens objectives 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x are the most common magnifying powers The total magnification of a compound microscope is calculated by multiplying the objective lens magnification by the eyepiece magnification level.  Total Magnification Objective lens magnification x ocular lens magnification Magnifying Power of the Lenses: Scanner - 40X LPO - 100X HPO - 400X OIO - 1000X Parts: Arm Supports the microscope head and attaches it to the base. Nosepiece (revolving) Holds the objective lenses & attaches them to the microscope head. This part rotates to change which objective lens is active. Base Bottom base of the microscope that houses the illumination & supports the compound microscope. Definition of Terms: Stage or Platform The platform upon which the specimen or slide are placed. The height of the mechanical stage is adjustable on most compound microscopes. Stage clips Clips on the stage that hold the slide in place on the mechanical stage. Iris Diaphragm Circular opening in the stage where the illumination from the base of the compound microscope reaches the platform of the stage. Control the amount of light received by the condenser Definition of Terms: Light source Condenser This lens condenses the light from the base illumination and focuses it onto the stage. This piece of the compound microscope sits below the stage & typically acts as a structural support that connects the stage to arm or frame of the microscope. Coarse and fine adjustment knobs Adjusts the focus of the microscope. These knobs increase or decrease the level of detail seen when looking at the slide or specimen through the eyepiece of the compound microscope. CARE OF THE MICROSCOPE 1) Carry the microscope upright with two hands. 2) Inspect microscope before use. 3) Clean lenses with proper cleaning tools. 4) Do not push the microscope across the table. 5) Unplug carefully. 6) Return microscope properly. FOCUSING THE MICROSCOPE 1) Always begin viewing every slide using the scanning power (4x) objective. 2) When focusing with the high-powered objective, do not use the coarse adjustment knob. It is very easy to break slides or damage objectives by doing this. Use the fine adjustment knob at this point. 3) Adjust the iris diaphragm. This will improve contrast, providing a clearer view of the specimen. 4) When using a binocular microscope, the distance between the two oculars (interocular width) can be adjusted by moving the ocular tubes toward or away from each other. LOW POWER OBJECTIVE 1) Turn the revolving nose piece so that the LPO is in the position. 2) Use the coarse adjustment knob to raise the ocular lens or to lower the stage 3) Please slide on the stage 4) Look through the microscope then adjust the diaphragm level and condenser knob to allow enough light to pass through and light the field. 5) Turn the coarse adjustment to lower the objective lens as close to the slide as possible. 6) Look into the microscope and slowly turn the coarse adjustment in the opposite direction so that the objective lens moves away from the slide. 7) Use the fine adjustment knob to bring the specimen into perfect focus. 8) Move the slide up and down, left and right, note that the inverted image always moves in opposite direction. HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE 9) Turn the nosepiece to move the HPO into viewing position. Remember that the field of view will be smaller as the magnification increases. 3 – FOUR BASIC TISSUE TYPES  Four Basic Tissue Types EPITHELIA CONNECTIVE MUSCLE NERVOUS L Image from Junqueira's Basic Histology, Text and Atlas, 16th edition  WEEK 1 Part 2 HAPP – Laboratory Instructor: Jerra May Mercado, MD Part 2: LABSTER ACTIVITY Activity 1 Tasks: Assemble a chimpanzee model Piece together a chimpanzee model with regional and sub-regional puzzle pieces using human anatomy as reference. Take scans in the correct body planes to examine internal injuries in the sub-regions of the chimpanzee. Pinpoint the location of injuries Learn the definitions of directional terms to be able to explain the location of the chimpanzee’s superficial and internal injuries. Look at scans of different sub-regions to decide if the chimp needs further medical care and fix up the superficial wounds the chimp has suffered. Activity 2 Keep an eye on your lab buddy's symptoms You'll be paired up with Myra, your lab buddy for the day. Myra isn't feeling very well, and you'll have to take note of her symptoms to understand what might be causing them. What you notice may make a difference when calling the emergency hotline. Identify organ systems and body cavities To help assess what might be going on with Myra, dive deeper into the organ systems, their major functions, and the body cavities they're placed in. Your new knowledge will be tested in a recap activity where you will link the appropriate organ systems to their cavities. Help the emergency responders After observing Myra's symptoms and learning about body cavities and organ systems, you will be faced with a medical emergency. It's time to call in some more experienced hands. Support the emergency crew in diagnosing Myra by answering their questions. Your input will most certainly make a difference! Virtual Lab Manual Access https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rwe30NHeNBnjT WQkLQlVzP_HRMR3YIG50MVxthWNCxE/edit?usp=shar ing https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VC4iftZiA1gCHO PHZjjIpPaZNH0irdn1/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=1173594 06948094513816&rtpof=true&sd=true