Food & Health Synthesis, Evaluation & Skills Summary 6.4 PDF

Food & Health Synthesis, Evaluation & Skills Summary 6.4 Syllabus...

Food & Health Synthesis, Evaluation & Skills Summary 6.4 Syllabus Geographic Knowledge Geographic Understanding ​ Identify the geographic inquiry (the lens through which you should see the content), words you should be able to define, any mention of the concepts, and required case studies & examples. ​Things you need to know ​Things you need to understand Types of Food Aid Food Loss vs. Food Waste Program Food Loss - Subsidized deliveries of food to - developing countries effected a central government that - Occurs during production, subsequently sells the food and post-harvest processing, and uses the proceeds for whatever distribution purpose - Causes: Project - Lack of handling, packaging, - Provides support to field-based and storing skills projects in areas of chronic need - Insufficient on-farm storage through deliveries of food technologies (usually free) to a government - Poor post-harvest storage or NGO that either uses it facilities directly or magnetizes it, using - Farmers' limited market the proceeds for project access leading to spoilage activities Food Waste Emergency/Humanitarian - developed countries effected - Deliveries of free food to - Occurs at the retail and GO/NGO agencies responding to consumer levels crisis due to natural disaster or - Causes: conflict - Large portion sizes - Promotion-driven sales leading to overproduction - Consumer behavior (discarding edible food) Place Processes Structured Response Extended Response Places can be identified at a variety of scales, from local territories or locations ​Processes are human or physical mechanisms of change, such as migration or weathering. They ​ to the national or state level. Places can be compared according to their cultural or physical operate on varying timescales. Linear systems, circular systems, and complex systems are all Questions Questions diversity or disparities in wealth or resource endowment. The characteristics of a place may be outcomes of the way in which processes operate and interact. ​6 Marks or fewer ​10 Marks or more real or perceived, and spatial interactions between places can be considered. Ghana School Feeding Program (GSFP) GM Food is the answer to India’s Problem with Food Loss - increases student attendance (attration because of free world hunger - India wastes 40% of its food annually and millions of lunches) - Genetically modified foods people go hunger each night, despite being a food surplus - less sick individuals allows for larger, more nutritious nation - Less hunger and malnutrition, decreased child mortality rates, foods to be produced - Wasted food results in systemic inefficiencies, significant reduces poverty - GM crops have been modified greenhouse gas emissions, and economic losses, making - helps families who are struggling to feed their kids to become resistant to pesticides addressing this issue critical for food security and - civil society orginizations helping increase capacity, efficidny and insects, increasing yield and environmental sustainability and services (water, sanitation and energy) of the program decreasing costs - Companies like Wast Link recycle food waste into animal - Connects local farmer’s products to the program (creating a - GM crops can also be modified feed (benifiting farmers and livestock while addressing food market for local producers and increasing their income) to be produced despite local loss) - challenges with capacity and efficiency concerns that stem from climate - Better food distribution and management can reduce - concerns about managing the program efficiently at a larger change such as rising waste, save billions, and create jobs scale temperatures, droughts, rising - Innovations in food waste management lag behind, The Democratic Republic Of Timor-Leste - Child Nutrition sea levels (salinity), flooding highlighting a major opportunity for development - Improving child and maternal nutrition through child feeding - However the GM crops limit - Changing perspectives to view food waste as a resource program (priority districts: Ainaro, Bobonaro, Covalima, Dili, the biodiversity of crops and can promote sustainability and reduce environmental Ermera and Oecusse) species impact - Strengthen ministry of health’s capacity to reduce under - GM crops significantly boosted nutrition farmer income and food production - Partnering with local farmers in order to offer fresh, local - In addition, widespread produce adoption can help increase - successful treatment of malnutrition and healthcare point income and lift households out across 6 districts are able to respond to malnutrition issues of poverty (allowing families to - Programs such as these may be difficult to scale up to the purchase more food, receive national level education and pursue other - Provides local farmers with a means of selling their product, jobs) boosting the economy In Vitro Meat is the long Chittagong, Bangladesh - Building Resilient Rural term answer to Livelihoods environmental sustainability - increased vulnerability due to mountainous terrains (making - issues with cost and time need food delivers difficult) and harsh environments for production - facing issues of povery and lack of food - Vitro Requires much less land - FAO improving agricultural productivity than actual farming - provided new agricultural inputs - Greenhouse gasses are ex. Seed and grain storage silos enable long-term drastically reduced storage, reducing waste - No need for factory farms - provided training on how to increase yield and utlize - extremely expensive, timely existing resources sustainably (schools, training) production, heavily processed - diversificaiton of livelihoods (allowing multiple means - necessitates much more care, of support for families, decreasing risk and maintenance, and resources vulnerability; more opportunities for income) than the “natural” alternative - FAO collaborates with local communities to build small dams (improving agriculture, provide household water, Vertical Farming is the most and boost drought resilience) cost effective way of feeding - FAO improving food security the urbanized world - Improved access to market information and - soil free, control over connections helps farmers sell efficiently, achieve better nutrients in crop growth, set up prices, and boost economic stability anywhere in the world - better storage and transport reduce losses, increase regardless of climate farmer income, and improve food security - requires lots of energy to run, - promoting small-scale units add value to crops, lots of water, high input costs increase income, reduce waste, and stabilize food and not cost effective supplies - Heavy reliance on "patient capital" and impact investments, HIV/AIDs which may not yield immediate - Social stigmas within the community, influencing government to financial returns not speak about AIDs or HIV - Criticized as a "technology for - larger-scale issues (health concerns, conflicts etc) may reduce the rich," with limited impact on the priority of governments to address the issue global food crises in Sub-Saharan Africa underdeveloped region - Poorer continues in Africa, rates of infection fall faster because people infected die (rather than get treated) - Higher-income areas within Africa have a higher % of HIV - Caused by a lack of education towards HIV transmission (less condom use) and social norms (having more than 1 partner in the same month increases the chance of infection) Nodding Syndrome - Recent, little-known disease that emerged in Sudan - mentally and physically disabling disease that only affects children, typically between the ages of 5 and 15 - scientific intervention has analyzed and studied the disease to be able to come up with a cause and cure (they’ve identified it’s seizure-related, allowing them to begin to research specific causes and cures) Power Possibilities Links to Other Parts of the IB DP Geography Syllabus ​Power is the ability to influence and affect change or equilibrium at different scales. Power is ​Possibilities are the alternative events, futures and outcomes that geographers can model, project or ​How does what we covered in this sub-unit link to other content in Global Change, the Geographic Themes, vested in citizens, governments, institutions and other players, and in physical processes in predict with varying degrees of certainty. Key contemporary questions include the degree to which and/or Global Interactions the natural world. Equity and security, both environmental and economic, can be gained or human & environmental systems are sustainable & resilient, & can adapt lost as a result of the interaction of powerful forces. Social Marginalization of Disease - Lack of awareness about the disease and its treatment leads to fear and reluctance to seek help - Misinformation (and stigmas) causes patients to avoid treatment - Many are embarrassed to discuss cancers related to the cervix, breasts, bowels, or genitalia - AIDS stigma is perpetuated by societal and moral judgments, including views of it as a punishment from God - Many felt uncomfortable interacting with those afflicted due to fear and misinformation