Introduction to Agriculture PDF Compilation

INTRODUCTIO N TO AGRICULTURE OBJECTIVE S Discuss the relationship of agriculture, environment, and society Analysis of food, production, and population in developing and underdeveloped countries Food production in the context of food security, affordability, and availability. ...

INTRODUCTIO N TO AGRICULTURE OBJECTIVE S Discuss the relationship of agriculture, environment, and society Analysis of food, production, and population in developing and underdeveloped countries Food production in the context of food security, affordability, and availability. RELATIONSHIP OF AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT, AND SOCIETY Agriculture impacts the environment through land use, resource consumption, which provides livelihoods, directly influencing society and economies. It may also have a negative impact in environment that may lead to soil degradation, loss in biodiversity, and climate change. ANALYSIS OF FOOD AND PRODUCTION AND POPULATION GROWTH IN DEVELOPING AND UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES ANALYSIS OF FOOD, PRODUCTION AND GROWTH IN DEVELOPING AND UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Rapid population growth intensifies food production which strains resources and environmental system The most affected by climate change, facing extreme weather events that disrupts economic growth prospects. ANALYSIS OF FOOD, PRODUCTION AND GROWTH IN DEVELOPING AND UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES As the population rises, the demand for food increases which results for limited resources. Limited food supply may lead to food insecurity and undernourishment.  PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH OVER POPULATION Insufficient food supply Unemployment/ Underemployment Limited access to family planning Cultural norms FOOD PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF FOOD SECURITY, AFFORDABILITY, AND AVAILABILITY  FOUR MAIN COMPONENTS OF FOOD SECURITY 1. Accessbility/Affordability 2. Availability 3. Stability 4. Utilization  AVAILABILITY Sufficient quantities of food are consistently available within a country. AFFORDABILITY FOOD SECURITY The physical and economic access to sufficient, Ensuring that all individuals within the safe, and nutritious food. household have adequate resources to obtain appropriate food for a nutritional diet. THANK YOU !  Soil Health, The Green Revolution, and Climate Action in Agriculture The Importance of Soil Health What is Soil Health? Soil health is a measure of how well soil functions as a living ecosystem to support plants, animals, and people. Healthy soil is rich in nutrients, maintains its structure, and can store water effectively. Why Soil Health Matters ? Healthy soil is essential for growing crops that provide the food we eat. It acts as a natural filter for water, supports plant roots, and helps prevent erosion. Healthy soil also cycles nutrients and can support biodiversity, which is vital for a balanced ecosystem. Benefits of Healthy Soil Nutrient-Rich Crops Soil that is well-maintained and full of nutrients produces healthier plants, leading to crops that have a higher nutritional value. Increased Resilience Healthy soil can hold water better, helping crops survive during droughts or heavy rains. This resilience is crucial for consistent crop yields and reducing the risk of crop failure. Carbon Sequestration Healthy soil can trap and store carbon from the atmosphere, a process known as carbon sequestration. This helps reduce the amount of greenhouse gases and plays a role in fighting climate change. The Green Revolution Definition The Green Revolution was a period from the 1940s to the 1960s when agriculture was transformed by new technologies, especially in developing countries. Main Changes Farmers started using high-yield crop varieties, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides. Advanced irrigation methods were also introduced, which allowed crops to be grown in previously unsuitable areas. Impact of the Green Revolution on Global Food Production Increased Food Production The Green Revolution significantly boosted global crop yields, especially for staple crops like wheat and rice. It helped reduce hunger in many parts of the world and supported a growing population. Impact of the Green Revolution on Global Food Production Environmental Trade-Offs The intense focus on high-yield farming had drawbacks. Overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides led to soil degradation, water pollution, and a loss of biodiversity. These practices also contributed to greenhouse gas emissions, which affect the climate. The Role of Agriculture in Combating Climate Change Carbon Capture Certain farming practices, like planting cover crops, reducing tillage, and using agroforestry, help capture and store carbon in the soil. This process reduces the amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere. The Role of Agriculture in Combating Climate Change Reducing Emissions Sustainable farming methods can lower emissions of methane (from livestock) and nitrous oxide (from fertilizers), both of which are potent greenhouse gases. The Role of Agriculture in Combating Climate Change Building Resilience Healthier soils and diverse crops help agriculture adapt to climate extremes, such as droughts and floods, making food systems more secure against climate change.  CONCLUSION Healthy soil is the foundation of a strong agricultural system, supporting plants, animals, and human needs. W hile the Green Revolution helped feed a growing global population, it also had unintended impacts on our environment. Now, agriculture has a unique role to play in tackling climate change by capturing carbon and reducing emissions through more sustainable practices. To build a secure food future, it’s crucial to adopt farming methods that care for the soil, protect natural resources, and help agriculture adapt to a changing climate. Thank You GROUP 20 Women are reported to make up around 43% of the agricultural labour force globally. Women play a significant role in agriculture globally, contributing significantly to food production, rural economies, and household sustenance. Their roles vary across regions, cultures, and farming systems. WOMEN’S ROLE IN AGRICULTURE Crop Production According to the FAO, women are responsible for producing as much as 80% of the food in Africa and play a pivotal role in managing small-scale farms worldwide. Livestock Management Women typically take charge of managing small livestock, which are vital for providing nutrition and generating income for their households. Seed Preservation In rural and indigenous communities, women play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity by selecting, storing, and sharing seeds. Agro-processing Women contribute significantly to rural economies by engaging in agro-processing, transforming raw agricultural products into goods for the market. REGIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS Africa Women contribute between 60% and 80% of the labor required for food production. Asia Women play a leading role in rice farming and are integral to the management of family-operated farms. Latin America Women are essential to the production of key agricultural exports such as coffee and cocoa. Developed Nations Women are increasingly making their mark in agribusiness and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. was a Filipina environmentalist, philanthropist, and former Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). She was a passionate advocate for sustainable development and environmental protection, taking bold actions to close harmful mining operations and prioritize the preservation of natural resources. Beyond her environmental work, she championed sustainable agriculture, promoting organic farming and empowering rural communities, particularly women, through eco-friendly practices. Lopez also revitalized ecosystems into thriving eco-tourism projects, such as the La Mesa Watershed Ecopark. Her leadership earned her prestigious accolades, including the UNEP Champion of the Earth Award and the Gawad Katangi-tanging Paglilingkod sa Bayan. Her philosophy, “There is so much wealth in caring for the environment,” encapsulated her vision for a world where economic progress and environmental stewardship go hand in hand. ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN AGRICULTURE Biotechnology harnesses the natural strengths of living organisms to develop innovative solutions. In agriculture, it harnesses the power of science to improve farming practices. It also addresses global challenges like food insecurity and environmental sustainability. ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN AGRICULTURE 1. DEVELOPING INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE FARMING PRACTICES. ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN AGRICULTURE 2. CREATING CROPS THAT ARE RESISTANT TO PESTS AND DISEASES ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN AGRICULTURE 3. BOOSTING FOOD PRODUCTION ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN AGRICULTURE 4. MINIMISING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Rimberio Farm See You Next Government Support for Filipino Farmers Enhancing Technology and Programs A Focus on Socio-Cultural and Economic Contexts Website www.reallygreatsite.com Presented By: Bocal and Lamalan  Introduction Of Agriculture In the Philippines, agriculture is a cornerstone of rural life, providing livelihood for millions of farmers. However, many face significant challenges, including low incomes, outdated farming practices, and limited access to resources. This presentation will examine how government institutions and programs are addressing these challenges through the integration of modern technologies. We will explore the socio-cultural and economic contexts of Filipino farmers, their needs and aspirations, and the critical role that government initiatives play in fostering agricultural development and sustainability. Brief overview of Filipino farming Filipino farming is diverse and influenced by the country's geography and climate. It encompasses both traditional and modern practices, with rice, corn, and coconut as staple crops. Rice farming, particularly in regions like Central Luzon and the Cagayan Valley, is vital for food security. In addition to staples, farmers grow fruits (like mangoes and bananas) and vegetables, often using both irrigated and rainfed systems. Livestock farming, including poultry and swine, is also common. Challenges such as climate change, natural disasters, and land fragmentation affect productivity. The government and various organizations are promoting sustainable practices and technology adoption to enhance resilience and yield. Agriculture is very important in the Philippines for these reasons It provides essential foods like rice Food Supply and corn, ensuring people have Cultural Farming is a key part of Filipino Importance culture and traditions. enough to eat. Many people work in farming, It helps protect different plants helping families and communities Biodiversity and animals, which is good for the Job earn a living. environment. Economic Agriculture helps the economy Community Investing in agriculture improves grow by contributing to overall roads, schools, and healthcare in Growth production and trade. Development rural areas. Role of farmers in Economic Filipino society Food Production Contribution Farmers produce Agriculture remains a essential crops like rice, significant part of the Farmers play a crucial role in Filipino society, serving corn, and vegetables, Philippine economy, as the backbone of the agricultural sector, which is directly contributing to providing employment to vital for food security and the economy. Here are some national food supply and millions and supporting key aspects of their role: nutritional needs. rural livelihoods. Environmental Community Conclusion Stewardship Many farmers engage in Development Farmers often play In summary, farmers in the Philippines are vital to the sustainable practices that leadership roles in their nation’s food security, economy, culture, and help preserve biodiversity communities, promoting environmental sustainability. Their role extends beyond and maintain ecological local initiatives and agriculture, making them integral to the social fabric balance. contributing to social and development of Filipino society. Their contributions cohesion. deserve recognition and support to ensure a sustainable future for both the farming community and the nation as a whole. TRADITIONS AND PRACTICES in farming communities Farming communities in the Philippines have rich traditions and practices that reflect their cultural heritage and agricultural lifestyle. Here are some notable traditions and practices: Planting and Harvest Festivals Pahiyas Festival Kadayawan Festival Celebrated in Lucban, Quezon, Held in Davao, it celebrates the this festival showcases colorful indigenous cultures and the displays made from rice, fruits, agricultural bounty of the region, and vegetables to thank the featuring parades, cultural patron saint for a bountiful performances, and exhibitions. harvest. Traditional Farming Techniques Rice Terracing Crop Rotation and Intercropping In areas like the Cordilleras, These practices enhance soil farmers use ancient terracing fertility and prevent pests, methods that maximize arable showcasing a deep land and conserve water, understanding of sustainable reflecting sustainable practices agriculture. passed down through generations.  Rituals and Beliefs Farmers often perform rituals before planting or harvesting to seek blessings for a successful yield. This might include offerings to spirits or deities, reflecting their spiritual connection to the land.  Community Cooperation Bayanihan: this Filipino tradition emphasizes community cooperation, where neighbors help each other in various farming tasks, fostering strong communal bonds. Cooperatives: Farmers often band together in cooperatives to share resources, improve access to markets, and enhance bargaining power. Use of Indigenous Knowledge Farmers rely on traditional knowledge regarding weather patterns, soil types, and pest control, which are often more effective in their local contexts.  Seasonal Practices Saka: The agricultural calendar is divided into wet and dry seasons, with specific planting and harvesting practices aligned with these cycles. Festivals often coincide with these seasonal changes.  FOOD PREPARATION AND SHARING Harvests are celebrated with communal meals, where families and neighbors gather to share food, reinforcing social ties and cultural practices.  ARTS AND CRAFTS Many farming communities engage in crafting traditional items, such as woven baskets or handicrafts, using materials sourced from their agricultural surroundings. NEEDS OF FILIPINO FARMERS Access to financing and credit Training and education in modern farming techniques Availability of resources (seeds, tools, etc.) ASPIRATIONS OF FILIPINO FARMERS Desire for sustainable practices Interest in improving yields and income Community development and support  GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS SUPPORTING FARMERS  DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE The primary government agency responsible for developing and implementing policies related to agriculture and fisheries. It provides support through programs for crop production, irrigation, research, and rural development.  PHILIPPINE CROP INSURANCE CORPORATION (PCIC) This institution provides insurance coverage to farmers against losses due to natural disasters, pests, and diseases, helping mitigate risks associated with farming. BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH (BAR) The BAR focuses on agricultural research and development, supporting innovation and the dissemination of new farming technologies to enhance productivity.  NATIONAL IRRIGATION ADMINISTRATION (NIA) NIA is responsible for the planning, development, and management of irrigation systems, which are crucial for increasing agricultural productivity, especially in rice farming. FARMERS’ COOPERATIVES AND ASSOCIATIONS While not government entities, these organizations often receive support from government programs and can enhance farmers' bargaining power, access to markets, and capacity for collective action TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN FARMING Access to Information Technology Mobile apps for market prices and weather Precision Agriculture Use of drones and sensors for monitoring crops Sustainable Practices Organic farming initiatives Thank You!Phone Number Introduction To Agriculture The Philippines Development Goals and Strategies Presented by Pearl Joy Ausa Giamarriz Jusayan  Page 2 The Philippines has outlined several development goals and strategies aimed at promoting sustainable growth, reducing poverty, and enhancing the overall quality of life for its citizens. These are the strategies reflect a comprehensive approach to achieve sustainable and inclusive development in the Philippines. Health & Education Infrastructure Development Strengthening health The "Build, Build, Build" care systems and program aims to enhancing the quality of improve transportation, education are priorities energy, and connectivity, to ensure a healthy and fostering economic educated workforce. development and investment.  Page 3 These are the strategies reflect a comprehensive approach to achieve sustainable and inclusive development in the Philippines. Agricultural Development Environmental Sustainability Strategies are in place to Policies are being support farmers through implemented to address improved access to climate change, resources, technology, promote renewable and markets, ensuring energy, and conserve food security and rural biodiversity. development. Introduction To Agriculture Organization for agriculture; functions, models of operation and institutional linkage  Page 6 FUNCT ION Research and Development: Conducting Access to Resources: Facilitating access to agricultural research to improve practices, credit, inputs (seeds, fertilizers), and crop varieties, and sustainability. technology. Extension Services: Providing training Market Access: Helping farmers connect to and technical assistance to farmers to markets, cooperatives, and supply chains enhance productivity and implement to ensure fair prices for their products. modern farming techniques.  Page 7 MODEL OF OPERATIONS Government Agencies: Entities like the Private Sector Partnerships: Collaborations Department of Agriculture (DA) with agribusiness firms for investment, implement policies, provide funding, and technology transfer, and market oversee agricultural programs. development. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Research Institutions: Entities like the : These organizations often focus on rural Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) development, sustainable practices, and that conduct research and disseminate community empowerment. findings to farmers.  Page 8 INSTITUTION AL LINKAGE Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Collaborations between government and Local Government Units (LGUs): Working private entities to enhance agricultural with LGUs to implement agricultural infrastructure and services. programs at the community level and adapt national policies to local needs. International Organizations: Linkages with groups like the Food and Agriculture Educational Institutions: Collaborations with Organization (FAO) and the International universities and colleges for research, Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) training, and outreach programs. for funding, expertise, and resources.  Page 10 THANK YOU FOR INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE R E P O R T P R E S E N T A T I O N BY JOHN STEPHEN BUGAS AND KIM SEBOA TOPIC Technologies for urban agriculture concept practices and technologies Container gardening Hydrophonics/Aquaphonics Urban community gardens WHAT IS URBAN AGRICULTURE? Urban agriculture involves growing plants, raising animals, and producing food in or near cities. This can happen on rooftops, in small backyard gardens, or even in empty lots. Why it matters? Reduces food miles Promotes food security Creates green spaces Builds communities TECHNOLOGIES & PRACTICES FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE Container Gardening Container gardening uses pots, bins, or buckets to grow plants, especially vegetables, on patios, balconies, or rooftops. Hydroponics Growing plants in a nutrient-rich water solution without soil. The roots absorb nutrients directly from the water. Aquaponics Combines fish farming (aquaculture) with hydroponics. Fish waste fertilizes the plants, and the plants clean the water for the fish. TECHNOLOGIES & PRACTICES FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE Urban Community Gardens Community gardens are shared plots where people grow food together. They can be in neighborhoods, schools, or vacant urban spaces. Other Technologies & Practices for Urban Agriculture Edible landscaping, Vertical gardening, Squarefoot gardening, and Aeroponics  CONCLUSION: WHY URBAN AGRICULTURE MATTERS? FINAL THOUGHT - Reduces urban pollution and improves air quality. - Enhances community engagement Urban agriculture empowers and reduces isolation. people to take control of their - Increases food security and offers food supply, improves city life, fresh, healthy produce. and fosters a more sustainable - Utilizes innovative technologies to future for everyone. maximize space and resources. THANK YOU FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 2019 2022 HUNGER HAS REMAINED AT NEARLY THE SAME LEVEL AFFECTING in 2023 (est. 713-757 million people) HIGH SIGN million people) SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THE (est. 713-757 in 2019 1 3 20.4% AFRICA 27 0 8. 1 % ASIA 25 1 6.2% LATIN AMERICA  AFRICA IS HOME TO THE MOST PEOPLE FACING HUNGER AFRICA 58.0% FOOD INSECURITY (MEASURED BY MODERATE OR SEVERE LACK OF ACCESS TO FOOD)  ASIA 24.8% FOOD INSECURITY (MEASURED BY MODERATE OR SEVERE LACK OF ACCESS TO FOOD) LATIN AMERICA 28.2% FOOD INSECURITY (MEASURED BY MODERATE OR SEVERE LACK OF ACCESS TO FOOD)  CHALLENGES IN THE PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE SECTOR SUPPLY SHORTAGE exacerbated by global disruptions and domestic policy coordination issues.  CHALLENGES IN THE PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE SECTOR INFLATIONARY PRESSURES supply shortages have led to higher inflation, particularly for food items  CHALLENGES IN THE PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE SECTOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL DISASTERS climate change and natural disasters have further impacted agricultural production.  GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSE ADMINISTRATIVE INCREASED BUDGET POLICY REFORMS ORDER 20 FOR AGRICULTURE ASIAN BIRD  ASIAN AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS FIRST DISCOVERY: BIRD NORTHERN ITALY  ASIAN AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS BIRD H5N1 H7N9  ASIAN AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS BIRD ?? CARRIER HEALTHY  ASIAN AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS BIRD CARRIER INFECTED  ASIAN BIRD some people have become sick with this serious, deadly kind of bird flu.  ASIAN BIRD Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) severe disease and high mortality in poultry. mild or no disease in poultry.  ASIAN BIRD Avian influenza outbreaks can have heavy consequences for the poultry industry, the health of wild birds, farmer’s livelihoods as well as international trade. AFRICAN SWINE FEVER  AFRICAN SWINE AFRICAN FEVER VIRUS FIRST DISCOVERY: SWINE FEVER KENYA  AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS AFRICAN SWINE FEVER ASF has spread to both commercial and backyard farms, as well as wild pigs.  AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS AFRICAN PARASITE CARRIER HEALTHY SWINE FEVER  AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS AFRICAN INFECTED CARRIER SWINE FEVER FIRST DISCOVERY:  MAJOR OUTBREAK: WUHAN, CHINA COVID-19 was traced in Bats and Pangolins  The initial outbreak was linked to a live animal market in Wuhan, suggesting a zoonotic transmission.  There are no concrete evidence supports the idea of a laboratory leak. The genetic makeup of SARS- CoV-2 doesn't point to deliberate manipulation.  IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY DISRUPTIVE REDUCED FOOD FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN PRODUCTION INSECURITY  ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIVE SOCIAL FACILITATED WASTE POLICIES SAFETY NETS TRADE MANAGEMENT EFERENCES REFER REFERENCES FERENCES REFEREN Cooper, T., Smith, D., Gonzales, M. J., Maghanay, M., Sanderson, S., Cornejo, M. R. J., Pineda, L., Sagun, R. A., & Salvacion, O. (2021). Beyond Numbers: Determining the Socioeconomic and Livelihood Impacts of African Swine Fever and Its Control in the Philippines. Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Volume 8. Fernandez-Colorado, C., Kim, W. H., Flores, R., & Min, W. (2024). African Swine Fever in the Philippines: A Review on Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Strategies. ERENCES REFEREN Animals 2024, 14(12), 1816; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14121816 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2024). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024: Ending Hunger, food security and malnutrition. 2.1 Food security indicators – latest updates and progress towards ending hunger and ensuring food security. https://www.fao.org/publications/home/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-food-security-and-nutrition-in-the-world/en RENCES REFERENC Hao, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, M., Zhou L., Shi, J., Cao, J., & Wang, D. (2022). The origins of COVID-19 pandemic: A brief overview. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Volume 69 (6). p. 3181-3197. Healthwise Staff (2023). Avian influenza (Bird flu). Alberta. https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tp23638spec#:~:text=Usually%20bird%20flu%20virus%20is,with%20birds%20raised%20on%20far ms. ENCES REFERENCES Mahmood, H., Furqan, M., Meraj, G., & Hassan, M. S. (2024). The effects of COVID-19 on agriculture supply chain, food security, and environment: a review. PeerJ 12:e17281 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17281 National Economic and Development Authority. (2024, April 25). Official Statement of NEDA Secretary Arsenio M. Balisacan: Toward a Food-Secure Philippines and a Stronger Agricultural Sector. National Economic and Development Authority. https://neda.gov.ph/official-statement-of-neda-secretary-arsenio-m-balisacan-toward- toward-a-food-secure-philippines-and-a-stronger-agricultural-sector/ NCES REFERENCES World Health Organization. (n.d.). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Coronavirus, https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1 World Organization for Animal Health. (n.d.). Avian Influenza. https://www.woah.org/en/disease/avian-influenza/  PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE; THE FILIPINO FARMER; AN OVERVIEW OF AGRICULTURE RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM Presented by: Sophia Amor Paraguas and Lovely Mae Ynion THE PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE  THE PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE Agriculture is vital to the Philippine economy, employing about 40% of the workforce and contributing around 20% to the GDP, with agribusiness accounting for 70% of agricultural output. Key enterprises include crop cultivation, chicken production (20.4%), agricultural services (19.8%), and hog farming (18.4%). The sector faces declining productivity, high costs, and low government support, worsening rural poverty.  IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES Contribution to food security and livelihoods Food Security Agriculture is the primary source of food for the majority of the Filipino population. It provides a diverse range of crops and livestock products that form the basis of the local diet. A robust agricultural sector is essential for ensuring a steady and sufficient food supply, thereby contributing to national food security. Livelihoods Agriculture is a major source of livelihood for a significant portion of the Philippine population, particularly in rural areas. Many people depend on farming, fishing, and related activities for their income. A thriving agricultural sector helps alleviate poverty by providing employment opportunities and supporting the livelihoods of millions of Filipinos.  1. KEY ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ECONOMY Employment Generation Contribution to GDP Food Security Export Eamings Rural Development Raw Materials for Industries Poverty Alleviation Environmental Stewardship  FORESTRY Forestry, which covers 49% of land but only 21% under forest cover, employs many, particularly women in saw milling. Forest cover has declined from 70% in 1900 to about 18.3% in 1999. Women and indigenous groups are crucial for environmental preservation but are often marginalized. FISHERIES The fisheries sector, contributing 15% to agricultural GVA, employs over one million people, with women mainly involved in processing and marketing. Challenges include population growth and poor resource management. LIVESTOCK Livestock production contributes 12.7% to agriculture but has faced negative growth, particularly in hog and cattle production. Women manage significant livestock responsibilities, facing physical strain and time burdens due to their dual roles in labor and caregiving. Overall, these sectors face major challenges impacting economic stability and food security. THE FILIPINO FARMER  THE FILIPINO FARMER Who is the Filipino Farmer? A typical farmer is usually working the land (about one hectare or less) of rice land as tenant. "70 percent of the poor in our country are in the rural areas, where agriculture and fisheries are the main sources of livelihood." A Filipino farmer is typically poor.  THE FILIPINO FARMER Why are the Filipino Farmers Poor? 1. Poor productivity growth in agriculture 2. Under-investment in rural infrastructure 3. unequal land and income distribution 4. high population growth 5. the low quality of social services 6. Low prices for the product of their hard work 7. Natural calamities 8. Risks associated with unpredictable market demand 9. Persistence of armed conflict ( particularly in Mindanao) 10. Poor educational background  THE FILIPINO FARMER The Filipino farmers still suffer from feudalism, landlessness, unfair trade practices, usury, and unsafe modern agricultural practices.  THE FILIPINO FARMER Aspirations of Filipino Farmers Farmers dream to own a piece of land. Farmers aspire for better future for their children Farmers aim to boost their agricultural production by obtaining high quality agricultural inputs, such as: 1. high quality seeds, 2. better livestock breeds 3. access to 4. credit facilities 5. markets 6. Storage and postharvest facilities 7. irrigation, 8. environmentally safe chemicals 9. extension and training services  THE FILIPINO FARMER Farmers dream to have sustainable source of income. Farmers dream of a good quality of life. Farmers dream of having other sources of income.  ECONOMIC STATUS Primary contributor to GDP: Agriculture serves as a primary contributor to the country's Gross Domestic Product(GDP) Employment Generation: The agricultural sector is a major source of employment, providing livelihoods for a significant portion of the population, especially in rural areas. Contribution to Export revenue: Agricultural products often constitute a substantial portion of the country's export revenue, contributing to foreign exchange earnings. Food security and Cost of living: A robust agricultural sector enhances food security by ensuring a stable and sufficient food supply. Ruràl development and Infrastructure: Agricultural activities often drive rural development, prompting investments in infrastructure such as roads, irrigation, and storage facilities, which benefits both  OVERVIEW OF AGRICULTURE RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION SYSTEM Agricultural production systems are simply the ways in which a farmer makes use of available resources to meet their food, fuel, and fiber demands. Around the world, production systems are characterized by multiple combinations of physical conditions (e.g., climate, altitude, soils) and socio-economic conditions (e.g., capital, cultural practices, education, age, land size and tenure). Agricultural production systems can be classified according to the following general categories: 1. Subsistence farming. Smallholder farmers produce food (crops or livestock) for themselves and their families. Inputs, such as fertilizer and improved seeds, are often lacking, resulting in low productivity. 2. Pastoral or livestock farming. Pastoral farming only produces livestock and does not include crops. Livestock is primarily raised to produce labor and commodities such as meat, milk, eggs, wool, and fur. Livestock excrement may be used to fertilize grazing fields or cropland used for livestock feed production. 3. Nomadic farming. Similar to pastoral farming, herdsmen relocate their livestock in search of suitable grazing land and water. Livestock typically consists of cattle, sheep, goats, camels, horses and donkeys. 4. Shifting cultivation. Farmers clear a plot of forested land by felling or burning vegetation. Wood products may be used for timber or other purposes. The newly cleared land is then used to grow crops. Once the land loses its fertility, the farmer leaves the land fallow to regenerate soil health. The farmer then moves to clear new land and repeats the process. They may or may not come back to cultivate the former land. 5. Arable farming. Farmers only grow crops at small or commercial scales. Crops are often, but not limited to, annuals, such as vegetables, grains, legumes, etc. Arable farming also includes paddy rice. 6. Plantation or tree crop farming. Often found in tropical climates, plantation farming is characterized by monocropping at commercial scales (> 40 hectares (ha)). For instance, if a farmer decides to grow wheat, the entire plantation will consist of wheat. This strategy is typically used to enhance specialization and reduce the cost of production, although requires greater use of inputs and mechanization. Plantations may also consist of tree crops (e.g., African oil palm, apple tree, coconut palm). 7. Mixed farming. Farmers grow crops and raise livestock at the same time on the same piece of land. Different crops with different maturity periods are grown at the same time, with continuous cropping throughout the growing season. Mixed farming is typically practiced at small to medium scales. Agroforestry systems encompass aspects of mixed farming. THANK YOU  Challenges for Philippine Agriculture: Food Security & Food Availability in a Global Context Focus on the Rice Tariffication Law and its Impact on Food Security GROUP 15: CASTILLO & GABIANA  OBJECTIVES To examine the challenges facing Philippine agriculture in light of global and local food security. To analyze the impact of the Rice Tariffication Law on food security and availability. To discuss potential strategies for strengthening food security in the Philippines Growing global demand and economic shifts are putting pressure on local agricultural production. Ensuring food security and availability remains a key priority for the Philippines, which faces unique challenges.  Current Challenges in Philippine Agriculture Declining Agricultural Vulnerability to Climate Limited Access to Modern Productivity and Change and Natural Technology and Resources Disasters Agricultural Finance Frequent disasters disrupt food Without technology and affordable Low productivity reduces local food production, causing shortages and credit, farmers can’t increase yields, supply, increasing reliance on imports. price spikes. Climate change hits limiting food availability. Competing Competing globally is hard with low developing agricultural economies globally is challenging when other yields, as other nations have more like the Philippines harder, putting it countries heavily invest in efficient systems. at a global disadvantage. agricultural tech. High Cost of Inputs and Fragmented Land Holdings Dependency on Imports and Small-Scale Farming High costs of seeds and fertilizers Small farm sizes limit production, drive up local food prices, making reducing overall food supply. Small- food less affordable. Price hikes in scale farms struggle to compete global input markets make food with large, efficient global farms, production costly, impacting food especially under free trade. security.  Food Security and Availability in the Philippines Food Security and Food Availability Food Security: A state where all people have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for a healthy life. Food Availability: The physical presence of food in sufficient quantities, whether produced locally, imported, or stored, to meet the population's needs. Importance of Food Self-Sufficiency Helps stabilize food prices, reduces vulnerability to global supply disruptions, and strengthens national food security, especially during international crises or price fluctuations. Challenges in Achieving Food Security Amidst High Population Growth and Limited Agricultural Land High Population Growth: Increases demand for food, putting pressure on local production to keep up with rising needs. Limited Agricultural Land: Reduces capacity to expand food production, as land resources are scarce and often face competition from urban development. Result: Balancing food supply with population growth is difficult, which makes food security more challenging to achieve. rice tariffication law The Rice Tariffication Law (RTL), or Republic Act (RA) 11203, was enacted in 2019 to help both farmers and consumers in the Philippines. Positive Impacts: Stabilized rice prices and improved affordability Enhanced funding for farmers’ programs under RCEF Challenges and Negative Impacts: Increased competition for local farmers from imported rice Difficulties in distribution and access to RCEF funds Concerns over long-term dependency on rice imports and reduced local production.  tariff system Tariff system: The RTL replaced quantitative restrictions on rice imports with a tariff system of 35-40%. Tariffs are taxes or duties imposed on imported goods. Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF): The RTL established the RCEF, which is funded by tariff revenues. The RCEF funds programs to help farmers, including: Farm mechanization Seed development Propagation and promotion (Credit assistance) Extension services Rice Farmer Financial Assistance (RFFA): Collections in excess of P10 billion go to the REFA. The RTL aims to lower rice prices, improve farm productivity, and benefit both end- users and farmers. The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) says the RTL has been key in managing inflation and has had a negative to minimal contribution to inflation since its passage.  Strategies for Strengthening Food Security Promoting agricultural Enhancing policies that balance modernization and innovation imports and local production Supporting local farmers Investing in climate-resilient with better infrastructure agriculture and sustainable and technology practices  Philippine agriculture faces significant challenges, but policies like the Rice Tariffication Law have both potential and pitfalls. Ensuring food security requires a balance between supporting local farmers and integrating with global markets. thank you  MODERNIZING PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE; INNOVATIONS FOR URBAN AND ORGANIC GROWTH BEVERLY L. APURA JOHN WILL P. ESPALABRA GROWTH DRIVERS IN AGRICULTURE The students are expected to: Identify opportunities in modern agriculture, especially in urban and organic farming. Evaluate technologies and systems that meet the needs of urban and organic farming. Analyze growth drivers in Philippine agriculture and the need for modernization to improve sustainability. WHAT IS MODERN AGRICULTURE? WHAT IS MODERN AGRICULTURE? Modern agriculture uses advanced technology. It emphasizes efficiency and sustainability. Involves precision farming and automation. Focuses on maximizing crop yields. Promotes resource conservation and innovation. OPPORTUNITIES IN MODERN AGRICULTURE URBAN FARMING SPACE UTILIZATION URBAN FARMING MAXIMIZES LIMITED SPACE THROUGH METHODS LIKE VERTICAL FARMING, ALLOWING FOOD PRODUCTION IN DENSELY POPULATED AREAS. LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS IT PROMOTES LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION, REDUCING TRANSPORTATION COSTS AND CARBON FOOTPRINT, WHILE INCREASING ACCESS TO FRESH PRODUCE. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT URBAN AGRICULTURE FOSTERS COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND EDUCATION, ENHANCING SOCIAL COHESION AND AWARENESS OF SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES. VIABILITY.  OPPORTUNITIES IN MODERN AGRICULTURE ORGANIC FARMING GROWING CONSUMER DEMAND THERE IS A RISING DEMAND FOR ORGANIC PRODUCE, DRIVEN BY HEALTH-CONSCIOUS CONSUMERS SEEKING CHEMICAL-FREE FOOD OPTIONS. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES CONTRIBUTE TO SOIL HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY, PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE. PREMIUM PRICING ORGANIC PRODUCTS OFTEN COMMAND HIGHER MARKET PRICES, PROVIDING FARMERS WITH BETTER PROFIT MARGINS AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY.  OPPORTUNITIES IN MODERN AGRICULTURE URBAN FARMING ORGANIC FARMING WHERE: URBAN FARMING HAPPENS IN CITIES WHERE: ORGANIC FARMING IS USUALLY IN USING SMALL SPACES LIKE ROOFTOPS. RURAL AREAS WITH LARGER FIELDS METHODS: URBAN FARMING USES MODERN METHODS: ORGANIC FARMING FOCUSES ON NATURAL METHODS LIKE COMPOSTING AND TECHNIQUES LIKE HYDROPONICS OR VERTICAL CROP ROTATION. FARMING. GOAL: ORGANIC FARMING PRIORITIZES GOAL: URBAN FARMING AIMS TO PROVIDE LOCAL PRODUCING FOOD WITHOUT CHEMICALS FOR FOOD FOR CITY COMMUNITIES. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY.. OPPORTUNITIES IN MODERN AGRICULTURE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Increased efficiency and productivity Enhanced food security Economic growth potential  FARM TECHNOLOGIES Farm technologies encompass a range of innovations, such as precision agriculture, drones, and automated machinery, that enhance farming efficiency and productivity. By utilizing data analytics, sensors, and robotics, these technologies help farmers optimize resource use, improve crop yields, and reduce environmental impact.  FARM TECHNOLOGIES Urban Farming Technologies And Innovations 1. Hydroponics 2. Vertical Farming 3. Aquaphonics  FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS HYDROPHONICS GROWS PLANTS WITHOUT SOIL USING NUTRIENT- RICH WATER, ALLOWING FOR FASTER GROWTH IN SMALL SPACES.  FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS VERTICAL FARMING STACKS CROPS IN LAYERS, USING CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS TO MAXIMIZE LIMITED URBAN SPACE.  FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS AQUAPHONICS COMBINES FISH FARMING WITH PLANT GROWTH, WHERE FISH WASTE NOURISHES PLANTS AND PLANTS FILTER WATER FOR FISH.  FARM TECHNOLOGIES Organic Farming Technologies and Innovations 1. Precision Agriculture 2. Biological Pest Control 3. Soil Sensors  FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS PRECISION AGRICULTURE USES GPS AND DATA ANALYTICS TO MONITOR SOIL AND CROP CONDITIONS, ALLOWING FOR EFFICIENT APPLICATION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND WATER.  FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL UTILIZES BENEFICIAL INSECTS AND MICROORGANISMS TO MANAGE PESTS NATURALLY, REDUCING THE NEED FOR CHEMICAL TREATMENTS.  FARM TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS SOIL SENSORS MEASURE REAL-TIME SOIL MOISTURE, NUTRIENTS, AND PH, HELPING FARMERS OPTIMIZE IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZATION WHILE ADHERING TO ORGANIC STANDARDS.  MODERN FARMING TECHNOLOGY Both urban and organic farming rely on advanced, efficient technologies to enhance productivity while minimizing environmental impact. GROWTH DRIVERS IN AGRICULTURE Growth drivers in agriculture help improve farming and development. Important factors include government support, new technologies, and increased demand for food. Easier access to loans and efforts for sustainable practices also help the farming sector grow and become stronger.  GROWTH DRIVERS IN AGRICULTURE Government Support: Policies and subsidies boost productivity and infrastructure. Technological Advancements: Mechanization and modern tools increase yields and efficiency. Market Demand: Growing demand for food, especially organic, drives expansion. Access to Finance: Easier credit encourages farmers to modernize operations. Sustainability Focus: Climate-resilient farming ensures long-term productivity.  SUMMARY In summary, modern agriculture presents numerous opportunities for growth. Evaluating technologies will enhance urban and organic farming practices. Understanding growth drivers is essential for improving Philippine agriculture's sustainability. THANK YOU  Jazzil Zoo By Jazmine Deala and Grezzil Franco 01 Concepts in Animal Science Learn the Definition of Animal 02 Science Understand the Concept of 03 food systems  Animal science is described as studying the biology of animals that are under the control of humankind. The field focuses on the science and business of producing domestic livestock species, such as beef cattle, dairy cattle, horses, and poultry, while also addressing aspects related to companion animals 1 Animal science was known as animal husbandry and maintains a rich history tracing back to the domestication of livestock species like cattle.The study began primarily focused on livestock, but has since evolved to encompass a broader spectrum, including companion animals and remains dynamic and essential for addressing modern agricultural challenges. Understanding the dietary needs of animals, including the composition of feed, nu trient requ irements, digestion, and metabolism. T he stu dy of heredity and variation in animals, inclu ding breeding practices, genetic improvement, and biotechnology applications. Animal Behavior Investigating the behavior of animals in various contexts, including social structures, communication, and instincts. Animal Physiology : Exploring the biological functions and processes within animals, such as reproduction, growth, and homeostasis. Animal Health Focusing o n di sease preventi on, di agno sis, and treatment, as well as the management o f ani mal welf are and v eteri nary practices. Animal Reproduction Studying reproductive pro cesses, i nclu ding mati ng systems, reproductive techno logi es, and dev elopment o f o f f spri ng T he farming of fish and other aqu atic organisms, focusing on breeding, rearing, and harvesting. T he stu dy of producing meat, milk , eggs, and other animal products efficiently and su stainably.  Food sy stems exist at different scales: global, regional, national and local. Local food sy stems arou nd the world are very diverse and location specific. T hey share some k ey featu res, bu t any attempt to change them should reflect their uniqueness resulting from traditions, cu ltu res, economic stru ctures and ecologies of locations. · C hange in food sy stems comes abou t throu gh external and internal drivers, as well as throu gh feedback mechanisms between these drivers.  Production Processing Distribution Selling food at local Preparing soil and Storing harvests market planting seeds Butchering meat and Shipping to regional or Harvesting crops poultry internation al locations Breeding and raising Catching fish Distribut in g via livestock Milling grain wholesalers or communi t y Breeding and raising fish Cleaning fruits and programs vegetables  Consumption Disposing Of Waste Purchasing food This includes all the ways Storing food at home discarded food materials Cooking are collected, sorted, and Eating processed. Compostin g Zoo Keeper https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/food-systems- 60779341/60779341?fbclid=IwY2xjawFcaJZleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHYsMg- AttXXmOLmZPXkM7ciDN3AxIdl07cRvkX9X8YzHqyfT6bEEtXuK7Q_aem_eF7_bwnDXPS1o2Pm38 qlDA https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/food-systems- 60779341/60779341?fbclid=IwY2xjawFcaJZleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHYsMg- AttXXmOLmZPXkM7ciDN3AxIdl07cRvkX9X8YzHqyfT6bEEtXuK7Q_aem_eF7_bwnDXPS1o2Pm38 qlDA BS ABM 2.1 A Agriculture A N I N T R O D U C T I O N 01 Topics Introduce Agriculture as an art, science, 01 and business. Learn the basic terminologies related to 02 agriculture industry career opportunities in agriculture. 03 Explore the history of agriculture 02 BS ABM 2.1 A Agriculture as an ART As it is always said that beauty depends upon the beholder. Agriculture as an Art requires the ability to discern beauty and unsightliness. A good Agriculturist must recognize the fact that animals and plants have distinctive set of habits and characteristics respectively. In this sense, agriculture involves a harmony of techniques and traditions that respect nature's rhythms, often integrating visual and cultural elements, such as landscape design, crop arrangement, and sustainable farming practices that enhance the beauty of the land. The knowledge of the characteristics of plants and the habits of animals will make it easy for the farmer to grow crops and care for his animals. 04  BS ABM 2.1 A Agriculture as an art of Science Agriculture is a science, it adopts the scientific method. In farming crops and raising of animals, there always sets of steps or procedure to follow. The farmer has to know the different life stages of animals and ascertain what appropriate types and amount of feeds to be given. In crops or plants, there is a time for sowing, transplanting, fertilizing, spraying, weeding and harvesting. These farming activities are undertaken one after the other. Improvement in farming needs to be back up by research so as not to remain traditional. New information has to surface to develop farming systems and technologies to increase and sustain production. 04 BS ABM 2.1 A Agriculture as an art of Business Agriculture is the way of life of the rural population, production is ultimately bound to consumption. But agriculture as a business aims at maximum net return through the management of land, labour, water and capital, of employing the knowledge of various sciences for production of food, feed, fibre and fuel. In recent years, agriculture is commercialized to run as a business through mechanization. 04 BS ABM 2.1 A Basic terminologies related to agriculture industry career opportunities in agriculture. Livestock Agricultural Agronomist Horticulturist Extension Officer Manager Engineer BS ABM 2.1 A Agronomist A specialist in soil management and crop production, helping to improve agricultural productivity. BS ABM 2.1 A Horticulturist A professional focused on the cultivation of plants, including fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. BS ABM 2.1 A Livestock Manager A person responsible for the care, breeding, and management of farm animals like cattle and poultry. BS ABM 2.1 A Agricultural Engineer An expert who designs farming equipment, structures, and systems to improve agricultural efficiency BS ABM 2.1 A Extension Officer A professional who educates farmers on the latest farming techniques and technologies to improve productivity and sustainability. BS ABM 2.1 A History of Agriculture BS ABM 2.1 A History of Agriculture Excavations, legends and remote sensing tests reveal that agriculture is 10,000 years old.  Women by their intrinsic insight first observed that plants come up from seeds.  Men concentrated on hunting and gathering (Paleolithic and Neolithic periods) during that time. Women were the pioneers for cultivating useful plants from the wild flora.  They dug out edible roots and rhizomes and buried the small ones for subsequent harvests.They used animal meat as main food and their skin for clothing. BS ABM 2.1 A Thank You W I L L T O W I N  OBJECTIVES UNDERSTAND KEY GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS THAT SUPPORT PRODUCTION AND AGRIBUSINESS IN THE PHILIPPINES. EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FROM THE DA AND RELATED AGENCIES. GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRODUCTION AND AGRIBUSINESS SUPPORT  WHY IS AGRIBUSINESS IMPORTANT? Agribusiness involves the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products. It is essential for linking agriculture to the economy, supporting food security, creating jobs, and driving economic growth. By promoting efficiency and innovation, agribusiness helps meet global food demand sustainably. DIFFERENT PROGRAMS Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF) Agricultural Credit Policy Council (ACPC) Kadiwa ni Ani at Kita Program: National Livestock Program:  RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND (RCEF) Financial Support RCEF was created through 1. Seed subsidies: High-quality Benefits: Impact: Republic Act 11203 or Rice seeds for improved yields. Tariffication Law (RTL), which 1. Improved yields and 1. Food security 2. Fertilizer and pesticide subsidies: aims to improve the Reduced costs for essential inputs. income 2. Reduced rice importation competitiveness of rice farmers 3. Machinery and equipment 2. Reduced costs 3. Economic growth and increase their income grants: Access to modern farm 3. Enhanced 4. Poverty reduction through the provision of seed, equipment. competitiveness mechanization, extension, and 4. Credit assistance: Affordable credit services. loans for farm expansion. 4. Increased resilience  AGRICULTURAL CREDIT POLICY COUNCIL (ACPC) THE AGRICULTURAL CREDIT POLICY COUNCIL (ACPC) IS A PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT AGENCY THAT DESIGNS POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE ACCESS TO CREDIT FOR FARMERS AND THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR. ITS GOAL IS TO PROVIDE AFFORDABLE FINANCIAL SERVICES, HELPING FARMERS BOOST PRODUCTIVITY AND SUPPORT RURAL DEVELOPMENT. LOAN PROGRAMS: ELIGIBILITY: BENEFITS: 1. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION LOAN (APL): 1. SMALL FARMERS AND AGRIBUSINESS SHORT-TERM LOANS FOR PRODUCTION 1. INCREASED PRODUCTION AND INCOME OWNERS. 2. IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY EXPENSES. 2. COOPERATIVES AND FARMERS' 3. ENHANCED COMPETITIVENESS ORGANIZATIONS. 4. JOB CREATION 2. AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT LOAN (AIL): 3. AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES. MEDIUM-TERM LOANS FOR EQUIPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND TECHNOLOGY. 3. AGRI-MICROFINANCE PROGRAM (AMP): MICROLOANS FOR SMALL-SCALE FARMERS AND AGRI-ENTREPRENEURS.  KADIWA NI ANI AT KITA PROGRAM: KADIWA NI ANI AT KITA PROGRAM IS A PHILIPPINE BENEFITS TO FARMERS: GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE THAT DIRECTLY 1. HIGHER INCOME: UP TO 100% INCREASE IN EARNINGS. 2. IMPROVED LI CONNECTS FARMERS WITH CONSUMERS, VELIHOODS: ENHANCED ECONOMIC STABILITY. ELIMINATING MIDDLEMEN TO INCREASE FARMERS' 3. INCREASED ACCESS: DIRECT CONNECTION TO URBAN INCOME. MARKETS. KADIWA, ACCORDING TO BENGO, IS A MARKET BENEFITS TO CONSUMERS: FACILITATION PROGRAM OF THE DA. 1. FRESH PRODUCE: DIRECTLY SOURCED FROM FARMERS. “TINUTULUNGAN NATIN SI FARMERS, FISHERFOLKS 2. LOWER PRICES: REDUCED COSTS WITHOUT NA MAKAHANAP NG MARKET OR BEBENTAHAN NG MIDDLEMEN. KANYANG PRODUKTONG AGRICULTURA. 3. SUPPORT LOCAL: ENCOURAGES LOCAL AGRICULTURE. PROGRAM OVERVIEW: 1. DIRECT MARKETING: FARMERS SELL PRODUCE DIRECTLY TO IMPACT: CONSUMERS. 1. INCREASED FARMERS' INCOME 2. NO MIDDLEMEN: REDUCED COSTS, INCREASED EARNINGS. 2. IMPROVED FOOD SECURITY 3. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT: MARKETING, LOGISTICS, AND TRAINING. 3. BOOST TO LOCAL ECONOMIES  NATIONAL LIVESTOCK PROGRAM: THE NATIONAL LIVESTOCK PROGRAM (NLP) DRIVES LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY GROWTH THROUGH POLICY, PLANNING, AND PROGRAMS, PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS. 3 Key Areas: Benefits: 1. Funding: Financial assistance for 1. Increased production and productivity. farmers, cooperatives, and industry 2. Improved farmers' income. stakeholders. 3. Enhanced food security. 2. Research: Improving breeds, nutrition, 4. Better market access. and disease management. Goals: 3. Disease Control: Vaccination, 1. Sustainable livestock production. monitoring, and eradication of livestock 2. Improved livelihoods for farmers. diseases. 3. Increased export opportunities.  ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS BY DA AND RELATED AGENCIES  HIGH-VALUE CROPS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (HVCDP) The High-Value Crops Development Program (HVCDP) is an initiative by the Department of Agriculture (DA) aimed at improving the production of high-value crops such as fruits, vegetables, spices, and ornamentals. These crops are known for generating higher profits and offering better income PHONE ADDRESS opportunities for farmers. IMPACT ON PRODUCTION AND EXPORT CHALLENGES AND EFFECTIVENESS OPPORTUNITIES CROP DIVERSIFICATION LIMITED REACH ENHANCED EXPORT POTENTIAL BUDGET CONSTRAINTS TRAINING AND CAPACITY EXPORT CHALLENGES BUILDING CLIMATE VULNERABILITY POST-HARVEST FACILITIES CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS EXPAND SUPPORT TO REMOTE AREAS INCREASE ITS BUDGET PROVIDE BETTER ACCESS TO CERTIFICATIONS AND EXPORT READINESS PROGRAMS.  PHILIPPINE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (PRDP) Key Impacts: Effectiveness: The Philippine Rural Development Infrastructure Improvement: - Poverty Alleviation: Increased Project (PRDP) is a six-year Construction of farm-to-market incomes and job creation in national project under the roads and irrigation systems. - rural communities. Department of Agriculture (DA) Reduced transportation costs and Agricultural Productivity: that aims to establish a modern, post-harvest losses. Improved yields through better value chain-oriented and climate- Market Access: -Enhanced value technologies and sustainable resilient agriculture and fisheries chains for better access to domestic practices. sector. and international markets. -Real- PRDP effectively enhances rural time market information for Challenges: infrastructure, market access, and informed selling decisions. Uneven implementation in productivity, contributing to poverty Technology Access: -Adoption of remote areas. reduction, but needs improvements climate-resilient farming techniques. Difficulty in maintaining -Provision of modern farming infrastructure. in reach and maintenance. equipment.  FERTILIZER SUBSIDY PROGRAM THE PHILIPPINES' FERTILIZER SUBSIDY PROGRAM SUPPORTS SMALL FARMERS BY PROVIDING 60-70% SUBSIDY ON FERTILIZER COSTS, PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY. IMPLEMENTED BY DA AND FPA, IT AIMS TO INCREASE FARMERS' INCOME AND REDUCE POVERTY. EFFECTIVENESS: CHALLENGES: DISTRIBUTION ISSUES: ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE FERTILIZERS: -INEFFICIENT DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS OFTEN -THE PROGRAM PROVIDES SMALL FARMERS RESULT IN DELAYS OR INSUFFICIENT SUPPLIES WITH SUBSIDIZED FERTILIZERS, REDUCING REACHING FARMERS, ESPECIALLY IN REMOTE PRODUCTION COSTS AND IMPROVING CROP AREAS. YIELDS. -CORRUPTION AND MISALLOCATION CAN -IT HELPS INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION FURTHER HINDER EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION. AND ENHANCES FARMERS' INCOME LEVELS. SUSTAINABILITY CONCERNS: ENCOURAGEMENT OF MODERN FARMING -OVER-RELIANCE ON SUBSIDIZED FERTILIZERS PRACTICES: MAY LEAD TO ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, -SUBSIDIES ENABLE FARMERS TO ADOPT INCLUDING SOIL AND WATER CONTAMINATION. BETTER FARMING TECHNIQUES, LEADING TO HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND -LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY REQUIRES INTEGRATING ORGANIC ALTERNATIVES AND SUSTAINABILITY. PROPER FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES.  Government programs are vital for improving agricultural productivity and supporting agribusiness. Initiatives like HVCDP, PRDP, and the Fertilizer Subsidy Program help farmers access better inputs, technologies, and markets, increasing their incomes and promoting food security. However, overcoming challenges like budget constraints and accessibility issues is essential to maximize their impact and ensure long-term growth and sustainability in the agriculture sector. THANK YOU TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Introduction to Agriculture CEDRIC DE LEON DIOMAHALI IAN JAMES GONZAGA TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Contents Impact of Agicultural Revolutions on the Human Society Revolutionizing Farming Through Technology TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES There were three (3) major agricultural revolutions throughout human history. Agricultural Revolutions Neolithic Revolution British Revolution Green Revolution TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Neolithic Revolution Major shift of humans from a hunter-gatherer society to agricultural settlements. TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES British Agricultural Revolution From mid-17th to late 19th centuries Huge increase in agricultural activities in Britain TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES The introduction of new crop rotation Crop Rotation methods, particularly the Norfolk four-course Systems system, became central to increasing yields Farmers began selective breeding, especially Selective Breeding for sheep and cattle, to produce animals with of Livestock desirable traits such as larger size or higher- quality wool. New tools and machinery, like seed drill, Improved Tools allowed for more precise planting and and Machinery reduced seed waste and improving crop yields. TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Green Revolution Revolution headed by Norman Borlaug Huge increase in crop yields of rice and wheat Modern crop varieties introduced worldwide HIgh usage of chemical fertiziers, pesticides, etc. TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Irrigation and The Green Revolution expanded the use of modern irrigation systems, such as tube wells Water and canals, ensuring that crops received Management adequate water. The introduction of modern farming equipment, including tractors, harvesters, and threshers, Mechanization helped to reduce labor demands and made large- scale farming more feasible and efficient. High-Yielding Scientists developed new strains of wheat, Variety (HYV) rice, and maize that were more productive, Seeds faster-growing, and disease-resistant TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Impact of Agricultural Revolutions Agriculture allowed people to have access to Increase in Food a regenerative supply of food which allowed Supply and human populations to soar exponentially over the years. The several agricultural revolutions Population contrinuted largely to this growth. TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES The influx of agricultural products led to the development of trade networks, connecting Boost in Economy communities and fostering economic growth.locally and internationally. To increase production, more land needs to Change in be used and with an ever-growing human Environmental population, nature has been severely Impact affected. TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Since food is more readily available than in the past, humans are able to venture into arts Growth of Human and agriculture also became ingrained in the Civilizations culture of local communities New Tools, equpment, and practices were Advancement in created to boost production and to manage Technology pests and diseases. New crop varieties were also created that were more resilient and productive. TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Technology in Revolutionizing Farming Technology is revolutionizing farming, transforming it from a labor- intensive, often unpredictable practice to a more efficient, data-driven, and sustainable industry TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Since food is more readily available than in the past, humans are able to venture into arts Growth of Human and agriculture also became ingrained in the Civilizations culture of local communities New Tools, equpment, and practices were Advancement in created to boost production and to manage Technology pests and diseases. New crop varieties were also created that were more resilient and productive. TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Farming has become much easier and Farm Machineries mainstream thanks to the use of tractors and and Equipment implements, reducing the use of hard labor in production. Optimizing production systems urged Biotechnology and scientist to research innovative methods. Genetic Examples of these are: Tissue Culture, Hybrid Engineering Varieties, Gene Editing, GMO’s TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Use of Drones, Some farms in developed countries have unmanned production systems wherein drones Sensors, and and advanced equipment are used. They are also Monitoring able to monitor the topography, and weather and Systems climate trends to optimize production Due to the effects of chemicals used in farming, there is significant damage to the environment. Sustainable Sustainable agriculture is made as a modern solution to this Agriculture problem. This aims to make agriculture sustainable for current and future generations.  TIMMERMAN INDUSTRIES Thank You www.reallygreatsite.com - [email protected]  INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE Maxine Jhen Dablo Malayha Abubakar TOPIC OUTLINE Modern Production Technologies and Production Systems GM Technology and Bt Corn The Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 1. MODERN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTION SYSTEMS MODERN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION has evolved to include new technologies and systems that aim to increase efficiency, improve crop yields, and meet the demands of a growing population. These technologies include: PRECISION FARMING A farming management strategy that uses technology and data analysis to improve agricultural production and efficiency.  EXAMPLES GPS-GUIDED DRONES AND SOIL SENSOR EQUIPMENT SATELLITE GREENHOUSES AND CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS a type of agriculture in which plants are grown in a controlled environment, typically in a greenhouse. The greenhouse regulates the temperature and humidity of the environment inside allowing for year- round growing and better protection of plants from extreme weather.  EXAMPLES VERTICAL HYDROPONICS AQUAPONICS FARMING AUTOMATED MACHINERY is an essential tool for improving agricultural production.  EXAMPLES AUTOMATIC CROP ROBOTIC MILKING SPRAYER MACHINES AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM 2. GM TECHNOLOGY AND BT CORN GENETIC MODIFICATION (GM) TECHNOLOGY is a laboratory technique that involves altering an organism's DNA to introduce new traits. BT CORN Or genetically modified (GM) corn, is a type of corn that produces a protein that is toxic to certain insects.  3. THE ORGANIC AGRICULTURE ACT OF 2010 The Organic Agriculture Act of 2010, or Republic Act No. 10068, is a law that focused on promoting organic farming. It encourages farming practices that are good for the environment, safe for communities, affordable, and practical for farmers to use. GOALS OF THE ACT The goal is to support the production of natural, chemical-free food and other crops in a way that benefits both people and the planet. THANK YOU Exploring the Fields of Agriculture Horticulture, Agronomy, and Agronomic Crops Introduction to Agriculture What is Agriculture? -Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock. It is essential for producing food, fiber, and other products that sustain and enhance human life. Importance of Agriculture: -Agriculture plays a vital role in feeding the global population and sustaining economies. It provides jobs, supports rural communities, and contributes to economic development. Fields of Study: -There are various fields within agriculture, including horticulture, agronomy, animal science, and more. Each field focuses on different aspects of agricultural production. Concepts in Horticulture What is Horticulture? Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the cultivation of plants, including fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. It combines art and science to improve plant production and aesthetics. Key Areas of Horticulture Floriculture: This involves the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens, landscaping, and floral arrangements. Floriculture enhances environments and contributes to the economy through flower sales. Vegetable Production: This aspect focuses on growing edible plants, which are crucial for nutrition and health. It involves selecting suitable varieties and managing pests and diseases to maximize yield. Fruit Cultivation: This includes growing fruit-bearing plants and trees. Successful fruit cultivation requires knowledge of plant biology, soil management, and climate conditions. Concepts in Agronomy What is Agronomy? Agronomy is the science of soil management and crop production. It focuses on understanding how different factors affect crop growth and developing practices to improve yields. Key Areas of Agronomy Crop Rotation: This is the practice of growing different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of seasons. It helps to improve soil health, reduce pests, and increase biodiversity. Soil Fertility: Managing soil nutrients is critical for healthy crop growth. Agronomists study soil composition and develop strategies to enhance fertility through fertilizers and organic amendments. Pest Management: This involves controlling pests and diseases that threaten crops. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable approach that combines biological, cultural, and chemical control methods. Identify Agronomic Crops What is Agronomic Crops? Agronomic crops are plants cultivated primarily for food, animal feed, or industrial uses. These crops are often grown in large-scale farming operations. Identify Agronomic Crops Examples of Agronomic Crops: Wheat: A staple food worldwide, used in bread, pasta, and more. Corn (Maize): Used for food, animal feed, and biofuels. Rice: A primary food source for over half the global population. Soybeans: High in protein and used for oil and animal feed. Peas: A nutritious vegetable that also improves soil health. Lentils: A protein-rich food that is easy to grow. Canola: Grown for its oil, used in cooking and food processing. Sunflower: Produces seeds and oil, widely consumed. Flaxseed: Used for its oil and health benefits. Importance of Agronomic Crops Food Security: Agronomic crops are vital for ensuring food security. They provide essential nutrients and calories needed for human survival. Economic Value: These crops are significant to many economies, supporting farmers, agribusinesses, and contributing to exports. Sustainability: With the growing concerns about climate change, sustainable farming practices in growing agronomic crops are crucial. This includes practices like crop rotation and organic farming to preserve resources for future generations.  OVERVIEW OF AGRICULTURE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL HOLD FARMING Cyril Mangubat Magnolia Nacional Overview of agriculture of the Characteristics of small hold farming Smallholder farmers are those who manage small plots of land, usually under 2 hectares, and are highly dependent on family labor. Global Impact Smallholder farming represents 80% of the world’s food producers, playing a crucial role in food security, especially in developing countries like the Philippines where many families rely on these small farms for their meals and  Characteristics LimitedCapital& Vulnerabilityto Market and Technology EnvironmentalShocks Food Insecurity Smallholders rely on traditional Smallholders are highly According to the *Ethical farming methods, which can vulnerable to market Trading Initiative (ETI) result in lower productivity. fluctuations and environmental Smallholder Guidelines*, 3 out There's a lack of modern tools, changes like droughts or floods. of 5 smallholders suffer from quality seeds, fertilizers, and They often face price volatility, food insecurity and poverty. irrigation systems. lack of access to fair markets, Reality is that many and climate impacts that affect smallholders produce crops crop yields. mainly for sale rather than for their own consumption. If they don’t sell enough or if prices drop, they might not have enough food for themselves. Challenges Access to Finance Many smallholder farmers are excluded from formal financial systems, preventing them from investing in better farmingequipmentorinputs. Supply Chain Integration Smallholders have weak connections to supply chains and often have to sell their products at lower prices to middlemen. Gender Inequality Women smallholders, despite making up a significant portion of the workforce, face greater challenges accessing land,credit,andmarkets. Agribusiness concept and opportunities for the Filipino farmers AGRIBUSINESS Agribusiness refers to the entire value chain of agricultural production, from planting, growing, harvesting, processing, todistributingagriculturalproducts. Opportunities for Filipino Farmers Diversification into High-Value Crops With global demand increasing for organic and high-quality products, Filipino farmers have opportunities to focus on crops like organic rice, coffee, andcacao, aswellas aquacultureandlivestock. Government Initiatives There are programs in the Philippines that help farmers sell their produce directlytoconsumers,whichhelpsthemearnmore. Agro-processing Ventures Farmers can expand into food processing, which adds value to their products. For instance, converting raw sugarcane into refined sugar or cacao intoprocessedchocolatecanyieldbetterreturns. Technological Innovations The rise of digital platforms allows farmers to connect directly with buyers, which can increase income by improving market access. Agritech startups arehelpingfarmersuse appstooptimizecrop productionandreduce costs. Growth Trends The Philippine government has identified agribusiness as a key sector for economic growth. Increased foreign investment and support for local agribusiness ventures create opportunities forFilipinofarmers to scaletheir operations. Export Potential High-value products like bananas, coconuts, and processed goods offer opportunities for Filipino farmers to accessinternationalmarkets. Need for balance agro industrial growth in agricultural production Balanced Growth Concept Integration of Agriculture with Industry Agro-industrial growth refers to the development of industries that process agricultural products. This provides additional value to raw materials, resulting in higherincomesforfarmers. Key Points Sustainability A balance between agriculture and industrial growth ensures long-term sustainability,preventingtheover-exploitationof naturalresources. Job Creation Developing agro-industries helps create jobs in rural areas, reducing povertyandcurbingurbanmigration. Economic Benefits Balanced growth enhances productivity at both the farm and industriallevels,leadingtogreateroveralleconomicdevelopment. Support for Smallholders Government policies should ensure that smallholder farmers benefit from industrial growth by providing them with access to markets, fair pricing, and infrastructureimprovements. Challenges to Balanced Growth The development of industries can sometimes overshadow the needs of the agricultural sector. Balanced policies are crucial to ensuring that both sectorsthrivesimultaneously. THANK YOU!  Home Service About Us Contact Introduction to Agriculture PRESENTED BY: FRANCEZ MAYUMI SHEENA M. GARPIA & MARIANNE D. ARISGADO Intro to agri Topic outline The growth and development of 01 agriculture from a global to Philippines perspective Agriculture as an economic factor 02 in capitalists and non-capitalists societies Agriculture and the environment 03 balancing productivity and sustainability 03 I. Global Perspective on Agricultural Growth and Development Intro to agri A. Historical Development 1. Neolithic Revolution (10,000–8,000 BC) Marked the transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture. Domestication of plants (e.g., wheat, rice) and animals (e.g., cattle, sheep). Establishment of permanent settlements led to population growth and the rise of civilizations. 02 2. Agricultural Innovations (Middle Ages to 18th Century) Introduction of crop rotation, the three-field system, and improvements in plowing techniques in Europe. The Columbian Exchange introduced new crops (e.g., potatoes, maize) to different continents, enhancing food diversity and agricultural productivity. 05 Intro to agri 3. Industrial Revolution (18th–19th Century) Mechanization of agriculture with the invention of machines. Shift towards large-scale farming and agribusiness. Increased productivity but also led to urban migration as people moved to cities for factory jobs. Intro to agri 4. Green Revolution (Mid-20th Century) Introduction of high-yield crop varieties, chemical fertilizers, and irrigation techniques. Significant increases in food production, especially in developing countries (e.g., India, Mexico). Addressed food security concerns raised environmental and social issues, such as reliance on chemicals and loss of biodiversity. 02 Intro to agri II. Agriculture in the Philippines A. Historical Context 1. Pre-Colonial 2. Spanish Colonial Period: Period (1565–1898): Indigenous farming Introduction of cash crops (e.g., practices included rice, sugar, tobacco) for export. corn, root crops, and introduced new crops like cacao (chocolate), coffee, and wheat, fishing. alongside the widespread use of plows and other farming tools. 3. American Colonial Period (1898–1946): Agricultural policies focused on export crops and the establishment of agricultural research institutions. Introduction of modern farming techniques and machinery. Intro to agri II. Agriculture in the Philippines B. Modern Development  Intro to agri 1. Post-Independence Era (1946–1970s): The Philippines aimed to be self-sufficient in rice production, as rice was and continues to be the staple food. Establishment of the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) in 1985 to enhance rice production. 2. Green Revolution (1970s–1980s): Adoption of high-yielding rice varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation. Initially successful in increasing production, but led to environmental concerns and issues. 3. Recent Developments (1990s–Present): Shifts towards organic farming and sustainable practices. Programs have been developed to promote agricultural biodiversity, reduce chemical inputs, and improve soil health.  Warner & Spencer The development of agriculture Climate Changed and 01 03 Poverty and Lack of Capital in the Philippines faces several Environmental Degradation key trends and challenges: Limited Access to Modern 02 04 Lack of Youth Engagement Technology Intro to agri II. Agriculture as an economic factor in capitalists and non-capitalists societies Intro to agri A. Agriculture in Capitalist Societies What is Capitalism? Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals or corporations own and control the means of production (like land, labor, and capital), and the market determines the price of goods through supply and demand. In capitalist societies, agriculture is treated as a business with a focus on maximizing profit. 02 Intro to agri Key Characteristics of Agriculture in Capitalist Societies: Profit-Driven 1. Farming Large-Scale Farming 2. and Agribusiness Intro to agri B. Agriculture in Non- Capitalist Societies What is Non-Capitalist? A non-capitalist society the state is the owner. In a non-capitalist society a central authority, often the state, decide the price of products and services. The focus is more on meeting the needs of the population rather than maximizing profit. 02 Intro to agri Key Characteristics of Agriculture in Capitalist Societies: Focus on Food 1. Security Limited Global 2. Trade III. Agriculture and the environment balancing productivity and sustainability Intro to agri Agriculture Sustainability Agriculture Sustainability means growing food in a way that’s good for the environment and can last for a long time. It’s about taking care of the land, using water wisely, not using too many chemicals, and making sure we don’t harm nature so that future generations can also grow food. Intro to agri Productivity in Agriculture Productivity in Agriculture is about how much food we can grow or produce. The goal is to grow enough food to feed people, but without using up all the land or water, or causing damage to nature. Intro to agri Why is it important to balance productivity and sustainability in Agriculture? balancing productivity with sustainability ensures that we can grow enough food now, without destroying the ability to grow food in the future Intro