Teaching Methodology PDF

Teaching Methodology Prepared by Dr. Entisar Mohamed Outlines Related definitions Teacher’s qualities Effective educator Events of instruction Domains of learning Teaching Methodology Types of teaching methodology Teaching audio visual media...

Teaching Methodology Prepared by Dr. Entisar Mohamed Outlines Related definitions Teacher’s qualities Effective educator Events of instruction Domains of learning Teaching Methodology Types of teaching methodology Teaching audio visual media Nurse educator Objectives At the end of this presentation the audience will be able to: Identify definitions related to teaching methodology Determine teacher's quality, effective educator, events of instruction and learning domains. Define teaching methodology. Enumerate types of teaching methodology & identify teaching audio visual media. Identify role of nurse educator.  Related definitions Education: Is a systematic process, sequential, planned, course of action consisting of two major interdependent operations, teaching and learning, which form a continuous cycle, and involves two interdependent persons, the teacher and learner Teaching: It is intervention that involves the planning & implementation of instructional activities and experiences to meet intended learner outcomes according to a teaching plan. Learning: It is a process of changing behavior( knowledge, skills and attitudes) that can occur at any time or in way place as a result of consciously or  Teacher’s qualities Enthusiasm Control of anger Cheerfulness Humor Honestly Calmness Patience Neat appearance Flexibility Good communication skills Effective educator To be effective educator you must remember Sending a clear message: understandable information. Selecting learning format: decide how to teach, or which strategy for implementing the learning program. Create the best learning environment Organize learning experience: teach in a logical and integrated manner  Events of instruction To educate others effectively teacher needs to understand the basic sequence of instruction by following nine steps to learn how to instruct others so that learners gain as much as possible from the instruction 1. Gain attention; before learning can take place, the educator must gain the learner’s attention. 2. Informing the learner of the objectives so that the learners develop expectations about what they are supposed to learn. 3. Stimulate recall of prior learning to link new knowledge with prior knowledge. 4. Presenting the stimulus in a clear, organize and simple manner according to learners’ strengths, needs and limitation. 5. Providing learning guidance that the learner can recall information. 6. Learners should be encouraged to demonstrate what they have learned, so they can correct errors and improve skills. 7. Providing feedback. 8. Assessing performance; learner should be evaluated. 9. Enhancing retention and transfer of knowledge; educator must help learners to apply information in new situation.  Domains of learning Cognitive Describe the knowledge that learners are to acquire. Affective Describe the attitudes, feeling& dispositions that learners are expected to develop. Psychomotor Related to manipulative and motor skills that learners are to master.  Teaching Methodology Definitions Methods in which learner will interact with the content of teaching learning process in order to reach the desired learning goals in a Varity of ways (visual, oral,). Types of teaching methodology Lecture. Portfolio Case study. Role play Cooperative Self learning module learning. Demonstration. Seminars Games. Simulation Imagery.  Lecture A speech directed to large group of learners. Uses: ✔ Clarify complex, confusing or conflicting concepts. ✔ Provide information which not available to students. ✔ Change of pace learning strategies.  Skills required in presenting the lecture Verbal skills. Non verbal communication skills. Questioning skills Motivational purposes. 1. To develop the learner interest and motivation. 2. To focus attention upon an aspect of the lecture. 3. To provide a change of stimulus during a lecture.  Planning the lecture ❑ What am I lecturing for? ✔ To interest students & provide an overview of a topic ❑ What content should be covered? ✔ Full-coverage, highlighting ❑ How should content be arranged? ✔ From simple to complex, basic to advanced ❑ How should content be presented? ✔ Problem based, interactive,..  Advantage Disadvantage Saving of time for teacher Keep student in passive situation Cover large number of Doesn't improve problem student solving learning Presence of teacher Not allow for individual (showman ship) pace of learning Give a feeling of security Hardly checking learning progress Clarify complex concepts  Case study Is the analysis of a real life to illustrate class content and theory to real or simulated life.  Advantage Disadvantage Stimulate critical More effective thinking, retention when use with and recall complex situation that require problem solving Problem solving Time consuming can be practiced & Need good questioning skills Support for prior Developing cases experience and is difficult validation of  Cooperative learning Is the team of learners work on assignments and assume responsibility for group learning outcomes  Advantage Disadvantage Encourage team work Student may resist frequent use of group assignments Use group dynamic skills Possibility of student that not participate Promote active and reflect learning  Demonstration Is show how to do something Uses for complex mental or psychomotor skill acquisition Advantage Disadvantage The teacher is present Number of students is (showman ship) limited Give a feeling of security Keep students in a passive situation Develops the quality of Offers little possibility observation of checking the learning process Ensure closer contact with concrete problem Facilitate of practice, Time consuming intellectual and communication skills Present reality by logical step by step presentation Attention catching, allow Difficult to repeating the student to ask questions demonstration in order Demonstrate the right way of to acquire competence doing a task  Games An activity governed by precise rules that involves varying degrees of chance or luck by one or more players. Advantage Disadvantage Increase cognitive & Time consuming affective learning Improve retention, fun and Difficult to evaluate exciting level of learning if several players are sharing. Increase learner Need building involvement and attention. instructions so the game doesn’t get out of control Student can learn from each Need greater places other through the according to game experience of game type Motivate learner May be threatening  Role play It is a creative teaching strategy that allows the person to learn new behaviors and problem solve. ❑ Goals: ✔ Learns how to interact with different persons in a variety of situations ✔ Allows student to experience situation from more than one point. ✔ Is often constructive for clients with mental health problem, irreversible disease. ❑ Application of role play ✔ Select the problem. ✔ Define the problem and objectives solving. ✔ Look for good role models in the group. ✔ Indicated the time for the play from 5-10 min ✔ Introduce the situation to the group who will observe the role-playing. ✔ At the end thank the participants for their performance. ✔ Discuss with the group the main ideas & emotional reactions. ✔ Summarize the main point, evaluate& discus any mistakes  Advantage Disadvantage Increase High time and cost observational skills consuming Provides Players may immediate sometimes not play feedback about the they role good interpersonal and problem solving Active participation Group may be and connection to uncontroled real life  Portfolio It is documentation of student skills from prior courses or life experiences. Advantage Disadvantage Help teacher understand Time consuming for both student goals teacher & student. Help students to become May become bulky independent, unless specific inclusion self-confident and self guidelines are directed established  Small group discussion Is a method of teaching whereby learners get together to exchange information, feeling, and opinions with one another and with the teacher. Advantage Disadvantage Promote active thinking, Pre class preparation by problem solving, student and teacher increase interaction between students Allow student to discus concepts from their own experience  Seminar A meeting for an exchange of ideas or discussion of concepts Advantage Disadvantage Active student Time consuming engagement with content, cooperative learning,& dialogue facilitate Students can learn group Need adequate problem solving technique knowledge for active discussion & comprehensive  Simulation Representation of an actual life event. Advantage Disadvantage Provide immediate All learners must involved feedback, student receive in the situation & problem the same experience. solving Increase feeling of self Must be realistic enough confidence for transfer of learning to real situation  Self learning module It is a document containing all that is necessary for a student to attain one or more educational objectives independently of the teacher Role of teacher: ✔ Teacher only is a facilitator resource person to provide motivation & reinforcement for learning. ✔ Maintenance of educational standards, teaching objective writing and evaluation  Advantage Disadvantage Enable learners to Lack of instruction meet their own between learners needs & promote and instructor independence Portability in Format may be too locating structured and instructional visually programs at sites uninteresting most convenient to learners as unit, home.  Teaching audio visual media ❑ Media: is anything that helps people learn through seeing, hearing or touching either printed or non printed, electronic or non electronic. ❑ Uses: ✔ Show steps in doing a task. ✔ Show something people can't see in real life ✔ Provide information in absence of trainer. ✔ Make difficult idea or concept easier to understand. ✔ Compare similarities and differences. ✔ Consider basis for discussion. ❑ Selection depends on: ✔ The teaching situation; whom, where, what ✔ Most easy to use and understand. ✔ Well organized, simple and clear ✔ Direct the eye to important information ✔ Attractive to gain and hold attention ✔ Adaptable for size ✔ Not harm to people ✔ Needs electricity or not.  Types of media Non projected Books, handouts White board Real objects & specimen Field trips Models, simulation Graphic; chart, poster device Projected Transparencies Microfiche, Slide & film Sound media: as broad cast radio  Non projected Media Advantage Disadvantage Some learn best Expensive through reading Allow self-pacing Need frequent 1.Books & updating handout Good for reference Need good and revision typing Handout easily duplicated for large number of students  Media Advantage Disadvantage Present reality not May not easily substitutes obtained 2. Real Three dimensional Only usable in objects & small groups specimen Permit use of all Easily damaged senses in study problem in storage Sometimes danger in use  Media Advantage Disadvantage Three dimensional Models often and concept or realty easily damaged 3. Models Size allow close Never same as and examination performing simulation technique on a devices patient Good for magnified Stable for small situation groups Can permit learning and practice of different technique  Media Advantage Disadvantage Photographic near to For small reality audience only 4. Graphic Usually easily (chart, produced and copied posters, photos) Easy to stores Promote correction of information  Media Advantage Disadvantage Inexpensive can be Back to made locally audience 5. White Usable for wide range Audience limited board of representation to 50 for view Allow step by step Erased not and organization of preserved for concept future  Media Advantage Disadvantage Observation of a Costly in time & participation in reality transport 5. Filed trips Motivation and Requires careful Cooperative group planning and work and sharing destructors responsibility can’t controlled  Projected media Media Advantage Disadvantage Use for large Demands total audiences dark for clear Transpare view ncies Presented facing Require electric audiences Enlargement of printed materials for large audiences  Media Advantage Disadvantage Suitable for large Expensive 2. Slides & audiences films Easily adaptable to Need partial self instruction darkness  Media Advantage Disadvantage Easy storage Too small for clear 3. eye view Microfiche Use for large Electricity requires audiences  Sound media Media Advantage Disadvantage Adaptive to large and No immediate Broad cast small audiences feedback radio Capable of gaining Need load and maintain speakers attention  Nurse Educator Is a registered nurse who has advanced education and advanced clinical training in a health care  Characteristics of effective nurse educator 1. Instructional ability/ communication skills ✔ Interacts with students, Organized, energetic, creative, Self-confident, well-prepared, Communicates effectively 2. Interpersonal skills; ✔ Respectful, supportive, motivational, nonjudgmental, open minded 2. Personality traits; ✔ Attentive, flexible, sense of humor 2. Professionalism; ✔ Good role model, skilled clinician, reflect course objectives, constructive  Role of Nurse Educator Designing and development of curriculum based on mission, vision, philosophy, and framework of the program Acts as facilitator and motivator Advising students and guide them through the learning process. Use technology in teaching Assessment of learners needs.  Use appropriate evaluation instruments to assess learning and achievement of goals. Assess her own knowledge and skills to be updating and maintain clinical competence.