The French Revolution Part Two PDF

The French Revolution Part Two Let the Revolution Begin! The Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789) - The Great Fear, Protests all over France, people were starving, rioted, and marched to Versailles - Palaces of the Nobles were burned and destroyed; - Legal papers that bound peasants to the noble...

The French Revolution Part Two Let the Revolution Begin! The Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789) - The Great Fear, Protests all over France, people were starving, rioted, and marched to Versailles - Palaces of the Nobles were burned and destroyed; - Legal papers that bound peasants to the nobles were destroyed - End of Feudalism The Forces of Change use violence - A mob arrived at Versailles, broke in, killing guards and demanded the King and Queen return to Paris The Great Fear began to take power from Nobles and - Mobs were widespread - Chaos reigned… August 4, 1789, some nobility, clergy, and National Assembly swept away feudal privileges making all the people of France equal Nobles and clergy supported the mobs out of fear, not for enlightenment ideas… The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” became the slogan of the revolution The Declaration of the Rights of Women, written by Olympe De Gouges, was rejected, and in 1793, she was declared an enemy of the revolution and executed Govt. took over the French Catholic Church, sold off lands, and was used for national debt. Peasants were opposed to Church and the State under one control - Many thought the Pope should have control over Church matters King and Queen’s lives were in danger, - 1791, they tried to escape but were captured and returned to Paris Under a New Constitution, France created a Limited Constitutional Monarchy, the King had little power, the King signed it, reluctantly, in 1791 The Legislative Assembly; new govt. power, they created new laws and could reject declarations of war - Food shortages, massive debt still plagued the new government The Emigres, nobles and others in exile wanted to bring back the Old System… The Legislative Assembly: 3 factions Liberal, moderate, conservative (Left, center, and right) The Workers: the Sans-Culottes (those without knee breeches) - The Workers wanted more radical reforms, but had no part in the govt. Monarchs and Nobles in Europe were worried that the ideas of revolution would spread - They wanted to stop it before it spread The Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria and Prussia in 1792 - Prussia approached Paris and wanted to rescue the royal family, by threatening the revolutionaries 20,000 French men and women invaded the Tuileries (royal residence) killing many guards and taking the royal family as prisoners Rumors spread: Prisoners who were Royal supporters were going to break out and seize back Paris? - Citizens broke into prisons and murdered over 1,000 prisoners the Legislative Assembly put aside (suspended rights) the Constitution, deposed the King and dissolved the govt. - They called for new elections September 21, 1792, The National Convention took power, Women could not vote despite their important part in the revolution Jacobins (a faction) controlled new Government, - Jean-Paul Marat, called for the death of all royal supporters National Convention imprisoned the King who was convicted of treason and executed (decided by a small margin) - January 21, 1793 he was beheaded by the Guillotine The enemies to the Revolution were both foreign and domestic: - People were horrified by the execution of the king France was at war with Great Britain, Holland, Spain, Austria, and Prussia - France was losing The National Convention ordered 300,000 people (18-40) into the army, then another 800,000 troops, including women Maximilien Robespierre; The Reign of Terror - He gained control of the National Convention in 1793, to create a ‘Republic of Virtue,’ - To wipe out every trace of France’s past July of 1793, Robespierre was leader of the Committee of Public Safety - He governed as a dictator, to protect the revolution from its enemies… - People were tried in the morning and executed in the afternoon Former members of the National Convention in July of 1794, fearful for their own safety, arrested him, and had him executed - He had executed up to 40,000 people on flimsy charges, many of whom were poor … New government in 1795: The Directory - An Executive Body of Five Men (Moderates, not radicals) - The country wanted Order… - They found Napoleon Bonaparte