Nursery Site Selection & Management (PDF)

What is the most important factor to consider when selecting the best site for a plant nursery? a. Compost b. Microclimate c. Soil d. Water When choosing a relatively flat area for a nursery, what is the recommended slope? e. 0-1% f. 1-2% g. 2-3% h. 3-4% What should be added to the...

What is the most important factor to consider when selecting the best site for a plant nursery? a. Compost b. Microclimate c. Soil d. Water When choosing a relatively flat area for a nursery, what is the recommended slope? e. 0-1% f. 1-2% g. 2-3% h. 3-4% What should be added to the soil if it\'s too heavy or clayey in the nursery area? i. Charcoal j. Gravel k. Sand l. Water Which of the following must be removed from the nursery as it competes with plants for nutrients? m. Diseases n. Insects o. Stray animals p. Weeds What disease in the nursery is caused by Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani? q. Blotch r. Canker s. Damping off t. Rust Which of the following media is best for nursery material? u. Forest top soil v. Sandy loam w. Loam soil x. All of the above Which of the following is NOT considered the best location for a nursery site? y. Flat land z. Gently sloped land a. Hill top b. Rugged terrain What is the best location for a nursery site? c. Near a river bank d. Close to the growing area e. Kilometer away from a road f. Far from people in the community At which stage of plant growth in the nursery do plants need more water? g. Branching h. Flowering i. Matured j. Seedling What is the best solution if your nursery medium is clayey? k. Add more water to it l. Mix the soil with sand m. Add compost to the material n. Mix the soil, sand, and add compost to the material What is the ideal slope for a nursery site? o. 0-1% p. 1-2% q. 2-3% r. 3-4% Which of the following is NOT a factor to consider when choosing an ideal nursery site? s. Adequate water supply t. Soil quality u. Accessibility v. Proximity to urban areas What type of soil is recommended for a nursery site? w. Clay soil x. Sandy soil y. Sandy loam or loamy soil z. Rocky soil Why is it important to conduct checks on all tools and equipment before using them in the nursery? a. To save time b. To identify unsatisfactory or faulty items c. To clean them d. To sharpen them What should you do with dead plants in the nursery? e. Leave them in place f. Compost them immediately g. Clear them away quickly (burn or bury) h. Use them as mulch How often should sorting, weeding, and pruning of potted and newly propagated seedlings be done? i. Daily j. Weekly k. Monthly l. Yearly What factor does NOT affect the amount of water seedlings require? m. Seedling age n. Amount of sunlight o. Soil type p. Seedling color What is the process of exposing seedlings to harsh conditions to make them stronger called? q. Toughening r. Hardening s. Strengthening t. Conditioning How long before planting out should hardening be done? u. 1 week v. 2-3 weeks w. 1 month x. 2 months What is the purpose of root pruning? y. To promote faster growth z. To control root system development beyond the container a. To increase water uptake b. To prevent diseases What is a common insect pest in the nursery that causes yellowing of leaves from tip to downwards? c. Thrips d. Green leafhopper e. Rice case worm f. Paddy stemborer Which fungal disease is caused by Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani and is severe in high soil moisture? g. Powdery mildew h. Damping off i. Wilting j. Rust What type of seeds have high initial moisture content and lose viability rapidly when dried below 20%? k. Orthodox seeds l. Recalcitrant seeds m. Hybrid seeds n. GMO seeds What is the first step in seed germination? o. Root emergence p. Shoot emergence q. Water imbibition r. Seed coat cracking Which of the following is NOT a method of scarification? s. Chemical treatment t. Mechanical abrasion u. Hot water treatment v. Fertilizer application What are specialized growing stem parts that arise from leaf axils and form roots of their own called? w. Runners x. Slips y. Suckers z. Corms What type of cutting is used in propagating breadfruit? a. Stem cuttings b. Leaf bud cuttings c. Root cuttings d. Branch cuttings When are seedlings typically ready for transplanting? e. When they reach 10 cm in height f. When they have 1-2 mature leaves g. When they have attained around 30 cm in height and at least 3-4 mature leaves h. When they start flowering Which crops can be exposed to direct sunlight after transferring to polybags? i. Coffee and cacao j. Mango, coconuts, and citrus k. Rambutan and lanzones l. Papaya and guava What percentage of partial shade is needed for coffee, cacao, rambutan, and lanzones? m. 0-25% n. 25-50% o. 50-75% p. 75-100% Which of the following is NOT a recommended item of personal protective equipment (PPE) for nursery work? q. Respirator r. Waterproof boots s. Sandals t. Waterproof gloves What should be done to potting mix to reduce the risk of respiratory illnesses? u. Keep it dry at all times v. Keep it moist at all times w. Add chemicals to it x. Expose it to sunlight Which chemical is used as a rooting hormone in nurseries? y. White oil z. Neem oil a. Clonex b. Iron sulfate What is the main objective of the Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)? c. To increase nursery profits d. To protect workers from occupational risks and hazards e. To promote plant growth f. To regulate nursery sizes Which of the following is NOT a duty of employers according to the OSHS? g. Furnish safe healthful working conditions h. Give job safety instruction i. Comply with OSHS j. Provide entertainment for workers What is the final step of being a good listener? k. Physically hearing the other person l. Deciphering what you have heard m. Acknowledging the information n. Ability to remember and recall the information Why is it important to compile a stock list in a nursery? o. To impress customers p. To comply with government regulations q. To know the number of supplies or stocks before investing in additional stocks r. To determine the nursery\'s market value Which of the following is NOT a common material used in plant propagation media? s. Soil t. Sand u. Peat v. Plastic What is vermiculite? w. A type of soil x. A micaceous mineral that expands when heated y. A type of fertilizer z. A pest control substance What is the recommended grade of vermiculite for seed germination? a. Grade 1 b. Grade 2 c. Grade 3 d. Grade 4 How long does it typically take for leaf mold to be ready for use? e. 1-2 months f. 6-8 months g. 12-18 months h. 24-36 months Which of the following is NOT a potential harmful waste in a nursery? i. Broken glass j. Weeds with ripening fruits k. Contaminated soil l. Sterilized water What is the recommended maximum slope for building stockpiles of materials? m. 1:1 (horizontal to vertical) n. 2:1 (horizontal to vertical) o. 3:1 (horizontal to vertical) p. 4:1 (horizontal to vertical) What is compost? q. A type of fertilizer r. Organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled s. A pest control method t. A type of soil What is the recommended height for a compost pile? u. Knee-high v. Waist-high w. Chest-high x. Shoulder-high How often should a compost pile be watered? y. Once a week z. Twice a week a. Every day or every two days b. Once a month What process converts ammonium into plant-nourishing nitrites and nitrates in composting? c. Denitrification d. Nitrification e. Ammonification f. Mineralization Which of the following is NOT a step in the modern composting process? g. Shredding the plant matter h. Adding water i. Ensuring proper aeration j. Adding chemical fertilizers What type of bacteria manages the chemical process in composting by converting inputs into heat, carbon dioxide, and ammonium? k. Anaerobic bacteria l. Aerobic bacteria m. Facultative bacteria n. Photosynthetic bacteria What is the purpose of regularly turning the compost mixture? o. To cool it down p. To add more materials q. To ensure proper aeration r. To speed up decomposition Answer Key 1. d\. Water 2. b\. 1-2% 3. c\. Sand 4. d\. Weeds 5. c\. Damping off 6. d\. All of the above 7. d\. Rugged terrain 8. b\. Close to the growing area 9. d\. Seedling 10. d\. Mix the soil, sand, and add compost to the material 11. b\. 1-2% 12. d\. Proximity to urban areas 13. c\. Sandy loam or loamy soil 14. b\. To identify unsatisfactory or faulty items 15. c\. Clear them away quickly (burn or bury) 16. b\. Weekly 17. d\. Seedling color 18. b\. Hardening 19. b\. 2-3 weeks 20. b\. To control root system development beyond the container 21. b\. Green leafhopper 22. b\. Damping off 23. b\. Recalcitrant seeds 24. c\. Water imbibition 25. d\. Fertilizer application 26. a\. Runners 27. c\. Root cuttings 28. c\. When they have attained around 30 cm in height and at least 3-4 mature leaves 29. b\. Mango, coconuts, and citrus 30. b\. 25-50% 31. c\. Sandals 32. b\. Keep it moist at all times 33. c\. Clonex 34. b\. To protect workers from occupational risks and hazards 35. d\. Provide entertainment for workers 36. d\. Ability to remember and recall the information 37. c\. To know the number of supplies or stocks before investing in additional stocks 38. d\. Plastic 39. b\. A micaceous mineral that expands when heated 40. d\. Grade 4 41. c\. 12-18 months 42. d\. Sterilized water 43. b\. 2:1 (horizontal to vertical) 44. b\. Organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled 45. d\. Shoulder-high 46. c\. Every day or every two days 47. b\. Nitrification 48. d\. Adding chemical fertilizers 49. b\. Aerobic bacteria 50. c\. To ensure proper aeration