4th Quarter Week 2 Earth Science PDF
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Uploaded by GreatestHexagon186
Miss Stella
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Summary
This document contains notes on Earth Science, specifically metamorphism, its types, and factors influencing its behaviour. It also includes notes on volcanism, types of volcanism, volcanic materials, and types of volcanic eruptions. The document includes questions related to these topics, which likely serve as a teaching aid or preparation materials for a class activity.
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O God, PRAYER As we start this new day for new learnings, we ask for Your guidance. Lead us all the way. May You let us see through Your eyes, listen through Your ears, and speak with Your Mouth. Be with us as we explore the world. Give us the heart to love L: St. (P...
O God, PRAYER As we start this new day for new learnings, we ask for Your guidance. Lead us all the way. May You let us see through Your eyes, listen through Your ears, and speak with Your Mouth. Be with us as we explore the world. Give us the heart to love L: St. (Patron of the class), R: Intercede for us. and be kind to one another. Please watch over all our teachers, L: St. Joseph, friends, and families. R: Pray for us. Amen. METAMORPHISM METAMORPHISM Prepared by: Miss Stella METAMORPHISM - the transformation of Agents/ Factor rocks and minerals due to changing temperature, -Temperature pressure, and chemical -Pressure conditions. -Water METAMORPHISM Types of Description Metamorphism Regional - Metamorphism associated with a Metamorphism large-scale mountain-building processes. Contact - Changes in rock caused by the Metamorphism heat from a nearby magma body. METAMORPHISM Factors Influencing Rocks’ Behaviour 1. Compression 2. Tension 3. Shearing 4. Confining FACTORS INFLUENCING ROCKS’ BEHAVIOUR: COMPRESSION Rocks push or squeeze against one another where the stress produced is directed towards the center. FACTORS INFLUENCING ROCKS’ BEHAVIOUR: TENSION Rocks pulled apart and may be separate in opposite direction FACTORS INFLUENCING ROCKS’ BEHAVIOUR: SHEARING Some of the portion of a plate at the edge may break away in different directions that eventually making the plate smaller inside. FACTORS INFLUENCING ROCKS’ BEHAVIOUR: CONFINING The crust becomes compact, thus making it look smaller. ORAL QUIZ When does metamorphism occur? A. If the rock’s mineral composition is allowed to cool to form new type of rocks. B. If the rock’s mineral composition is heated and melted due to intense pressure. C. If the rock’s mineral composition is removed due to intense heat and pressure D. If the rock’s mineral composition transformed due to intense heat and pressure When does metamorphism occur? A. If the rock’s mineral composition is allowed to cool to form new type of rocks. B. If the rock’s mineral composition is heated and melted due to intense pressure. C. If the rock’s mineral composition is removed due to intense heat and pressure D. If the rock’s mineral composition transformed due to intense heat and pressure What is the primary agent responsible for metamorphism? A) Wind B) Water C) Heat and pressure D) Gravity What is the primary agent responsible for metamorphism? A) Wind B) Water C) Heat and pressure D) Gravity 3. Which of the following factors can contribute to the intensity of metamorphism? A) Depth of burial B) Chemical reactions C) Duration of metamorphic conditions D) All of the above 3. Which of the following factors can contribute to the intensity of metamorphism? A) Depth of burial B) Chemical reactions C) Duration of metamorphic conditions D) All of the above 4. In which tectonic setting does regional metamorphism primarily occur? A) Divergent boundaries B) Convergent boundaries C) Transform boundaries D) Hotspot volcanoes 4. In which tectonic setting does regional metamorphism primarily occur? A) Divergent boundaries B) Convergent boundaries C) Transform boundaries D) Hotspot volcanoes 5. Which of the following plate boundaries produces strong and devastating earthquake? A Convergent C. Reverse. B Divergent D. Transform. Which of the following plate boundaries produces strong and devastating earthquake? A Convergent C. Reverse. B Divergent D. Transform. O God, PRAYER As we start this new day for new learnings, we ask for Your guidance. Lead us all the way. May You let us see through Your eyes, listen through Your ears, and speak with Your Mouth. Be with us as we explore the world. Give us the heart to love L: St. (Patron of the class), R: Intercede for us. and be kind to one another. Please watch over all our teachers, L: St. Joseph, friends, and families. R: Pray for us. Amen. SCATTEGORIES GAME VOLCANISM AND PLUTONISM Prepared by: Miss Stella Learning Objectives: - describe and differentiate volcanic and plutonic rock -describe the process of volcanism and plutonism VOLCANISM http://www.balita.com/mt-pinatubo20- photo- exhibit-more- than-just- picture-it-was-a- reunion-of-survivors- 2/ Albert Garcia’s Award-Winning photo taken on June 15, 1991 and was chosen by the Time Magazine as one of the “G reatest Images of the 20th Century” and also by the National Geographic Magazine as one of “100 Best Pictures” of the 20th Century. Garcia is currently the photo editor of Manila Bulletin. VOLCANISM The phenomenon of eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of the Earth or a solid- surface planet. VOLCANISM Volcano - a vent or opening on planet’s surface which allows molten rock called magma, volcanic ash and gas to escape out onto its surface VOLCANISM Most volcanoes are formed by the movement of tectonic plates on the surface of the earth. These plates are basically huge pieces of rock that ‘float’ on the mantle (a layer of the earth that is sort- of liquid rock). VOLCANISM The areas where most volcanoes occur are in the edge of plate boundaries. VOLCANISM VOLCANISM Crater- the depression at the summit of a volcano, or at which is produced by a meteorite impact Caldera- a large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano TYPES OF VOLCANO: COMPOSITE Composite volcanoes often form the largest and tallest volcanoes. They are the most explosive and dangerous of the types of volcanoes. Mt. Saint Helens in Washington State TYPES OF VOLCANO: CINDER CONE Usually smaller in size than composite volcanoes, and the eruptions are smaller also. They form into steep cone shaped hills. Paricutin in Mexico TYPES OF VOLCANO: SHIELD VOLCANO The widest type of volcano with a gentle slope due to the low viscosity or runny lava that it produces. Mauna Loa in Hawaii VOLCANIC MATERIALS: GAS AND PYROCLASTS most of the gas release during eruption is water vapour carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrochloric acid, are given off in lesser amounts surface water introduced into a volcanic system can greatly increase the explositivity of an eruption Mayon Volcano TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION Type of Type of Level of Eruption Lava Eruption Hawaiian Less Viscous Least Violent Strombolian Less Viscous Violent Vulcanian Viscous Violent Plinian Viscous Most Violent HAWAIIAN ERUPTION In a Hawaiian eruption, fluid lava is ejected from a vent as fire fountains or lava flows. The1969 eruption at Mauna Ulu, a vent of Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii, was a spectacular example of fire fountaining. Photo by D.A. Swanson, USGS, August 22, 1969. STROMBOLIAN ERUPTION Short bursts of glowing lava created from the bursting of large gas bubbles at the summit vent of a volcano Photo by Andrew Hague, Istockphoto.com. VULCANIAN ERUPTION Relatively small but violent explosions of viscous lava create columns of ash and gas and occasional pyroclastic flows, as seen at this eruption of the Santiaguito volcanic dome complex in Guatemala. Photo by Jessica Ball, March 15, 2009. PLINIAN ERUPTION The largest and most violent of all explosive eruptions, Plinian eruptions send columns of pulverized rock, ash, and gases that rise miles into the atmosphere in a matter of minutes. Photo by Austin Post,USGS, May 18, 1980. TYPES OF LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE A smooth and continuous lava crust. Pahoehoe forms when the effusion rate is low and consequently the velocity of lava flow is slow. Usually flows at least 10 times slower than typical lava flow. TYPES OF LAVA FLOW: AA (AH-AH) Aa lava is a rough rubbly (resemblance of rubble) crust of a lava flow. TYPES OF LAVA FLOW: PILLOW LAVA Forms when hot lava flow into water and cools rapidly, creating long tubes and bulbous pillow- shaped mounds of rock. May also be found under glaciers that overlie volcanoes. TYPES OF LAVA FLOW: BLOCKY Blocky flows consist of large angular blocks of lava that are common if the silica content of lavas is higher (composition of basaltic, andesitic, to rhyolitic). CLOSING PRAYER We give You thanks for all Your gifts, Almighty God, living and reigning L: St. (Patron of the class), now and forever. R: Intercede for us. Amen. L: St. Joseph, R: Pray for us.
