BIO10004 Reproductive System PDF

BIO10004 – Anatomy and Physiology Overview of the Reproductive System Dr Greg Davis  WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of Swinburne University of Technology in accordance with Section 113P of the Copyright Act...

BIO10004 – Anatomy and Physiology Overview of the Reproductive System Dr Greg Davis  WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of Swinburne University of Technology in accordance with Section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Learning objectives and reading At the end of this lecture, you should be able to: 1. Describe the anatomy and function of the female reproductive system including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina 2. Understand the principles of the ovarian and uterine cycles 3. Understand the structures of the female external genitalia 4. Describe the anatomy and function of the male reproductive system (including the internal and external genitalia) Reading guide (textbook): Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, Martini et al., Eleventh Edition, Chapters 28 Overview of the Female Reproductive System  Overview of the Female Reproductive System Internal genitalia Ovaries Uterus Uterine tubes Uterine Vagina tube External genitalia Ovary Uterus Function: Produces sex hormones and functional gametes Clitoris Protects and supports developing embryo Nourishes newborn infant Vagina Moore K L. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed. Williams and Wilkins; 2013. ISBN 9781451119459. Chapter 3, Figure 3.27 Uterus, Uterine tube and Vagina Fallopian/Uterine tube Round ligament Fondus Body Uterus is thick walled muscular organ that facilitates development of embryo and fetus Cervix Cervix opens inferiorly into vagina Uterus is supported best at cervix Fornix Uterine tubes project laterally and open adjacent to ovaries Vagina Vagina is thick walled muscular tube that serves as a passage for menses, birth canal and receives penis and ejaculate during intercourse Image curtesy Dr Ivanusic  Layer of Uterus body Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium An inner lining that supports pregnancy Actively involved in the menstrual cycle Shed if conception does not Endometrium Myometrium occur during menstrual cycle Highly vascular (required for implantation) Netter, F.H. Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. 3rd ed. New Jersey, Icon Learning Systems, 2003, ISBN: 1-929007-15-9, Plate # 350B  Uterine tube Uterine Tube Ampulla Isthmus Uterine part Infundibulum Fimbria Uterine tubes project laterally and Ovary open into peritoneum (posteriorly) adjacent to ovaries Fimbriated infundibulum facilitates collection of oocytes Moore K L. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed. Williams and Wilkins; 2013. ISBN 9781451119459. Chapter 3, Figure 3.41 Ovaries (posterior view) Located adjacent to lateral wall of pelvis Attached to uterus by ligament of ovary Fimbria Releases an oocyte during every menstrual cycle between puberty and menopause Ovary Moore K L. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed. Williams and Wilkins; 2013. ISBN 9781451119459. Chapter 3, Figure 3.41 Fertilization and Implantation Endometrium Myometrium Netter, F.H. Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. 3rd ed. New Jersey, Icon Learning Systems, 2003, ISBN: 1-929007-15-9, Plate # 350B Ovarian Cycle Monthly process of maturation, ovulation, and degeneration of tertiary ovarian follicle Divided into Follicular phase (12-14 days) Luteal Phase (postovulation) (14-16 days) Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 2020; 11th Edition Uterine Cycle Menstrual phase Degeneration & shedding of functional endometrial Proliferative phase Rapid growth of new endometrial tissue, stimulated by estrogen Maximum at ovulation Secretory phase Uterine glands secrete most after ovulation Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 2020; 11th Edition Ovarian & Uterine Cycle Menstrual and proliferative phases occur during ovarian follicular phase Secretory phase occurs during ovarian luteal phase (postovulation) Image curtesy Lumen Biology Female External Genitalia Vulva/pudendum includes the erectile Labium majus tissues and overlying skin Labium minus Two thin folds of skin either side of midline constitute the labium minus Vestibule of vagina Vestibule is the area between labium minus and contains openings of urethra and vagina Larger fold of skin, over the vestibule and lateral to labium minus, are the labium majus Moore K L. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th ed. Williams and Wilkins; 2013. ISBN 9781451119459. Chapter 3, Figure 3.67 Breasts Mammary glands Specialized organs of integumentary system Produce milk (lactation) to nourish infant Controlled by hormones Nipple Contains ducts of mammary glands Areola Reddish-brown skin around each nipple Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 2020; 11th Edition Overview of the Male Reproductive System Overview of Male Reproductive Organs Gonads: Testes Ducts: Epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra Vas deference Seminal vesicle Accessory glands: Seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral gland Urethra Duct of Seminal vesicle External genitalia: Scrotum, penis Penis Prostate Bulbourethral glands Testis Epididymis Source unknown Testis and Epididymis Testis is located in the scrotum Testes contains seminiferous tubules surrounded by thick connective tissue (tunica albuginea). Spermatozoa are produced in seminiferous tubules, collected in the rete testes and stored in epididymis until ejaculation. Spermatozoa mature (acquire ability to move and fertilize an egg) while stored in epididymis. Vas deference Source unknown Epididymis: Head Testis Epididymis Body Tail Seminiferous tubules Tunica albuginea Vas deferens (Ductus deferens) Muscular duct (smooth muscle wall) which transports spermatozoa to ejaculatory duct Part of spermatic cord Penetrates abdominal wall Descends along lateral wall of pelvic cavity to meet Vas deferens duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct Seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct Drake et al., Gray’s Anatomy For Students. Churchill Livingstone; 2nd ed, 2010. ISBN 978-0-443-06952-9, Fig.5.46 Accessory glands Seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands Bladder Contribute to the volume of semen (seminal fluid) Seminal vesicle Each have different secretions with different functions Prostate Bulbourethral glands (In deep perineal pouch) Posterior View Moore, Dalley, Agur. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 7th ed.. ISBN 978-1-60547-652-0. Fig 3.37 Penis Body is pendulous and entirely surrounded by skin Pelvic structures form attachment for roots of external genitalia Glans Penis located at the head Root of penis Body of penis Glans of penis Opening of urethra Moore, Dalley, Agur. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 7th ed.. ISBN 978-1-60547-652-0. Fig 3.27  Penis Erectile tissues consist of two Corpora Cavernosa and a single Corpus Spongiosum Urethra enters corpus spongiosum, thus it opens at glans penis Erection is mediated by parasympathetic nervous system which relaxes arteries in penis, allowing blood to fill erectile tissues Corpora Cavernosa Urethra Corpus Spongiosum ters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Atlas of Anatomy, 2009, ISBN 9780781785051, Plate 6-31&32 Thank you!