Communicable Diseases PDF

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ARIEL D. DEPOL, MSN©, OSHN,RN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE An illness due to an infectious agent or its toxic products which is transmitted to a person or animal directly or indirectly via of an intermediate animal host (vector), vehicle ( water, food, blood) or inanimate enviro...

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ARIEL D. DEPOL, MSN©, OSHN,RN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE An illness due to an infectious agent or its toxic products which is transmitted to a person or animal directly or indirectly via of an intermediate animal host (vector), vehicle ( water, food, blood) or inanimate environment. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE  CONTAGIOUS Diseases that can be easily transmitted from person to person  INFECTIOUS Are those disease not transmitted by ordinary contact but require a direct inoculation through a break in the previously intact skin or mucous membrane. The patient is suffering from PTB. The nurse is asked by the patient why he had a this kind of disease. The best response of the nurse is.. a. It’s a hereditary disease that have been passed to you by your parents. b. It’s a communicable disease that you got from being exposed to another person who have PTB. c. It’s an autoimmune disorder that your body developed. d. It’s a communicable disease that you got when you were hospitalized for a long time. The patient is suffering from PTB. The nurse is asked by the patient why he had a this kind of disease. The best response of the nurse is.. a. It’s a hereditary disease that have been passed to you by your parents. b. It’s a communicable disease that you got from being exposed to another person who have PTB. c. It’s an autoimmune disorder that your body developed. d. It’s a communicable disease that you got when you were hospitalized for a long time. Contagious disease is a disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person. Infectious disease Are those disease not transmitted by ordinary contact but require a direct inoculation through a break in the previously intact skin or mucous membrane. a. First statement is true, second statement is false b. First statement is false, second statement is true. c. Both statements are true d. Both statements are false Contagious disease is a disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person. Infectious disease Are those disease not transmitted by ordinary contact but require a direct inoculation through a break in the previously intact skin or mucous membrane. a. First statement is true, second statement is false b. First statement is false, second statement is true. c. Both statements are true d. Both statements are false THE INFECTION PROCESS 1. CAUSATIVE AGENT Microorganisms that are capable of causing an infection. aerobic or anaerobic? Virulence Pathogenicity Toxin production in particular effect the course of the infection. Can help determine the types of disinfectants, antiseptics & antimicrobials to use. 1. CAUSATIVE AGENT Microorganisms that are capable of causing an infection. aerobic or anaerobic? Virulence Pathogenicity Toxin production in particular effect the course of the infection. Can help determine the types of disinfectants, antiseptics & antimicrobials to use. Causative Agent Causative Agent Causative Agent Causative Agent Causative Agent Causative Agent Causative Agent Causative Agent Causative Agent Microorganisms that are capable of causing a disease. a.Virus b.Bacteria c.parasites d.Causative agent Microorganisms that are capable of causing a disease. a.Virus b.Bacteria c.parasites d.Causative agent It is the ability of the causative agent to invade and multiply within the host. a. Toxicity b. Virulence c. pathogenicity d. None of the above. It is the ability of the causative agent to invade and multiply within the host. a. Toxicity b. Virulence c. pathogenicity d. None of the above. HOW MICROORGANISMS CAUSE INFECTIOUS DISEASES? > Colonization – Replicate the host. > Adherence - Adhere to the host > Poor sanitation (Contamination) - Gain access to the host host > Invasion - Invade tissues > Toxins are produced or other agents that cause host harm (tissue damage) HOW MICROORGANISMS CAUSE INFECTIOUS DISEASES? > Colonization – Replicate the host. > Adherence - Adhere to the host > Poor sanitation (Contamination) - Gain access to the host host > Invasion - Invade tissues > Toxins are produced or other agents that cause host harm (tissue damage) 2. RESERVOIR habitat where organism survives & multiplies. Can be environmental, hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: people, rodent, bird, plants. 2. RESERVOIR habitat where organism survives & multiplies. Can be environmental, hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: people, rodent, bird, plants. 2. RESERVOIR habitat where organism survives & multiplies. Can be environmental, hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: people, rodent, bird, plants. 2. RESERVOIR habitat where organism survives & multiplies. Can be environmental, hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: people, rodent, bird, plants. 2. RESERVOIR habitat where organism survives & multiplies. Can be environmental, hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: people, rodent, bird, plants. 2. RESERVOIR habitat where organism survives & multiplies. Can be environmental, hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: people, rodent, bird, plants. 2. RESERVOIR habitat where organism survives & multiplies. Can be environmental, hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: people, rodent, bird, plants. 2. RESERVOIR habitat where organism survives & multiplies. Can be environmental, hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: people, rodent, bird, plants. This can be environmental hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: a. Reservior b. Causative agent c. Portal of exit d. Portal of Entry This can be environmental hospital setting, food, water supply, fomites or in a living organism: a. Reservoir b. Causative agent c. Portal of exit d. Portal of Entry 3. PORTAL OF EXIT the means of exit of the microorganisms from the reservoir. Can be droplets, excretions, secretions & break in skin. > Respiratory Tract - via sneezing, coughing & talking. > Gastro Intestinal Tract - via vomitus & feces. > Genito-urinary Tract - via urine, vaginal discharge, semen > Open lesions > Blood & Body fluids > Non- intact skin & mucous membrane Which of the following is likely to serve as a portal of exit for the causative agent. a. Feces b. Urine c. Sweat d. Semen Which of the following is likely to serve as a portal of exit for the causative agent. a. Feces b. Urine c. Sweat d. Semen 4. MODES OF TRANSMISSION Can be contact, droplets & airborne. The organism transmitted from one host to the next host. Is it need a living vector? Hand-to-mouth is a common mode for gastrointestinal pathogens. ❖ CONTACT TRANSMISSION – through physical contact. TYPES OF CONTACT TRANSMISSION: Direct Indirect (person-to-person) ( from fomites - contaminated object) ❖ DROPLET TRANSMISSION - spread of respiratory secretions that settles on surfaces. ❖ AIR-BORNE TRANSMISSION - Microbes remain suspended in the air for prolonged period Vehicle Transmission Vehicle Transmission Vector - borne Transmission Vehicle Transmission Vector - borne Transmission Biological Transmission Vehicle Transmission Vector - borne Transmission Biological Transmission Mechanical Transmission Vehicle Transmission Vector - borne Transmission Biological Transmission Mechanical Transmission Transovarial or Transovarian A patient had an unprotected sex with someone infected with HIV. The patient may have contracted the disease via. a. Direct contact b. indirect contact c. Droplets d. Airborne A patient had an unprotected sex with someone infected with HIV. The patient may have contracted the disease via. a. Direct contact b. indirect contact c. Droplets d. Airborne 5. PORTAL OF ENTRY Way infectious agents get into the next host. Any opening of the body can be a portal of entry like nose, mouth or break in skin. Can be through mucous membrane, gastro- intestinal tract, genito-urinary tract, respiratory tract, integumentary tract. Can be through inhalation, insect bite, or contaminated food. Can determine what type of PPE to use, to keep health care workers, family & visitors safe. A patient is asking the nurse on ways how to prevent transmission of infection. What is the best response by the nurse. a. Avoid kissing with someone whom you do not know. b. Wear mask at all times c. Stay away from highly populated areas. d. Do not eat with your bare hands. A patient is asking the nurse on ways how to prevent transmission of infection. What is the best response by the nurse. a. Avoid kissing with someone whom you do not know. b. Wear mask at all times c. Stay away from highly populated areas. d. Do not eat with your bare hands. 6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST Any person who is at risk of acquiring an infection. Can be an immunosuppressed patient with diabetes, surgery, burns & elderly patients. Some major contributing factors in determining the susceptibility of a host to infections are: patient’s age, general health condition, active immunity, pre -existing conditions, invasnutritional status, inadequate primary & secondary defenses & inadequate ive procedures, trauma, pharmaceutical agents, increased environmental exposure & insufficient knowledge in avoiding exposure. Which among the following patient is most susceptible to contract a disease. a. A 70 year old woman who had just vaccinated. b. A 12 year old boy who loves playing outside c. A women who is 36 weeks pregnant d. An athlete who had a recent brain surgery due to vehicular accident. Which among the following patient is most susceptible to contract a disease. a. A 70 year old woman who had just vaccinated. b. A 12 year old boy who loves playing outside c. A women who is 36 weeks pregnant d. An athlete who had a recent brain surgery due to vehicular accident. BREAK THE CHAIN OF INFECTION PHASES OF ILLNESS INCUBATION PERIOD initial phase of the disease process before symptoms become apparent & the pathogen is actively replicating. INCUBATION PERIOD initial phase of the disease process PHASES OF ILLNESS before symptoms become apparent & the pathogen is actively replicating.  INCUBATION PERIOD PRODROMAL PERIOD initial phase of numbers of the the disease process infectious agents start OF before symptoms increasing the starts pathogen reacting become & the immune is actively apparent system& replicating. & disease symptoms first become apparent. INCUBATION PERIOD PRODROMAL PERIOD initial phase of numbers of the the disease process infectious agents start PHASES OF ILLNESS before symptoms increasing the starts pathogen reacting become & the immune is actively apparent system& replicating. & disease symptoms first become apparent.  INCUBATION PERIOD PERIOD PERIOD OF ILLNESS characterized by active replication or OF multiplication of the pathogen & its PRODROMAL numbers peak exponentially, quite often in a very short period of time. Symptoms are specific to the organ affected. INCUBATION PERIOD PERIOD PERIOD OF ILLNESS characterized by active replication or PHASES OF ILLNESS multiplication of the pathogen & its PRODROMAL numbers peak exponentially, quite often in a very short period of time. Symptoms are specific to the organ affected.  INCUBATION PERIOD PERIOD OF DECLINE the number of pathogen particles OF begins to decrease, & signs & symptoms of illness begin to decline. INCUBATION PERIOD PERIOD OF DECLINE the number of pathogen particles PHASES OF ILLNESS begins to decrease, & signs & symptoms of illness begin to decline.  PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE INCUBATION PERIOD Patient recovers gradually & returns to OF normal but may continue to be a source of infection even if feeling better.  PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE INCUBATION PERIOD Patient recovers gradually & returns to PHASES OF ILLNESS normal but may continue to be a source of infection even if feeling better. numbers of the infectious agents start increasing & the immune system starts reacting & disease symptoms first become apparent. a. Illness b. Recovery c. Incubation d. prodromal numbers of the infectious agents start increasing & the immune system starts reacting & disease symptoms first become apparent. a. Illness b. Recovery c. Incubation d. prodromal  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN.. ENDEMIC I EPIDEMIC I PANDEMIC  ENDEMIC Transmission occurs, but number of cases remains constant. EPIDEMIC Number of cases increases. PANDEMIC When epidemic occurs at several continents –global epidemic. Cases occurs in 5 continents of the world and is continue to rise. a. Endemic b. Epidemic c. Pandemic d. None of the above Cases occurs in 5 continents of the world and is continue to rise. a. Endemic b. Epidemic c. Pandemic d. None of the above ISOLATION SYSTEM techniques used to prevent the spread of infection. Isolation precautions should be followed according to illness. 3 TYPES: Standard Precautions Transmissions - based precautions Protective Precautions STANDARD PRECAUTION “Universal Precautions” applied to all clients in any health care setting, regardless of their presumed infection diagnosis. These PRECAUTIONS APPLY whenever there is potential possibility of contact with: A. Blood B. Body fluids, secretions & excretions (except sweat) C. Mucous membrane D. Breaks in skin (Non-intact skin) TRANSMISSION BASED PRECAUTIONS additional infection control precautions in health care, & latest routine prevention & control practices applied for patients who are known suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents. TRANSMISSION - BASED PRECAUTION 1. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS 2 TYPES: DIRECT CONTACT Transmission - involves direct contact between body- surface to body-surface. INDIRECT CONTACT Transmission - involves contact with a contaminated intermediate object. usually inanimate, such as contaminated instruments , needles & contaminated hands.  TRANSMISSION- BASED PRECAUTION 2. DROPLET PRECAUTION- Transmission of droplets droplet particles (>5 - 10 μm in diameter) containing microorganism. Droplets do not remain suspended in the air; tend to drop within 3 feet (1 meter). In addition to droplet precautions, use standard precautions to patients known suspected to have the illness. Ex. Covid 19, Diptheria, Meningococcal infections, Herpes Zoster TRANSMISSION - BASED PRECAUTION 3. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS  Many airborne diseases with clinical importance include bacteria, viruses, & fungi &  may be spread through sneezing, coughing spraying of liquids, spread of dust or any activity that results in the generation of aerosolized particles.  microorganisms are transmitted by small particle droplets that can remain suspended & become widely dispersed by air currents. Ex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rubeola, Varicella PROTECTIVE PRECAUTIONS  reduce the risk of infection for immune compromised patient.  Prevent infection for people whose resistance to infection & body defenses are lowered or compromised. Ex. extensive skin loss due to burns or trauma. Patient Placement – Can be placed any room with general hospital ventilation & the door should be closed.  ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS - measures to implement infection control through isolation; - prevent contagious diseases from avoiding contact with patient’s body fluids, by means of wearing PPE. 1. STRICT ISOLATION 2. BLOOD & BODY FLUID PRECAUTIONS 3. REVERSE ISOLATION (PROTECTIVE) 4. CONTACT ISOLATION 5. RESPIRATORY ISOLATION 6. ENTERIC ISOLATION  QUARANTINE QUARANTINE - Limitation of the freedom of movement of persons or animals which have been exposed to a communicable disease for a period of time equivalent to the longest incubation period of that disease. Community Quarantine - Strict isolation imposed to prevent the spread of disease by separation of people reasonably believed to have been exposed to a communicable disease but not yet symptomatic, from others who have not been exposed, to prevent possible spread of a communicable disease. - Epidemic - Pandemic The nurse in the ER is wearing gloves, masks, safety glasses and gown. Th nurse is practicing which of the following precautions a. Standard b. Transmission based c. Protective d. A&C The nurse in the ER is wearing gloves, masks, safety glasses and gown. Th nurse is practicing which of the following precautions a. Standard b. Transmission based c. Protective d. A&C RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS ARIEL D DEPOL, MSN©, OSHN, RN  INCLUDED TOPICS Measles German Measles Chicken Pox Influenza Covid-19  MEASLES Acute, highly contagious exanthematous, vaccine- preventable disease usually affecting children. TIGDASSYNONYMS measles morbilivirus CAUSATIVE MEASLES ped RNA virus with 1 serotype. ber of the genus AGENT Morbillivirus in mily) ssion sion with freshly MOT mites period is 10-12 days test at 8 days, longest at 20 INBUBATION mmunicability - PERIOD Most e height of the rash  SYNONYMS TIGDAS measles morbilivirus CAUSATIVE MEASLES ped RNA virus with 1 serotype. It AGENT in the r of the genus Morbillivirus ssion sion with freshly MOT mites period is 10-12 days test at 8 days, longest at 20 INBUBATION mmunicability - PERIOD Most e height of the rash  SYNONYMS TIGDAS Measles virus or measles morbilivirus CAUSATIVE (single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus with 1 serotype. It MEASLES AGENT is classified as a member of the genus Morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family) ssion sion with freshly MOT mites period is 10-12 days test at 8 days, longest at 20 INBUBATION mmunicability - PERIOD Most e height of the rash  SYNONYMS TIGDAS Measles virus or measles morbilivirus CAUSATIVE (single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus with 1 serotype. It MEASLES AGENT is classified as a member of the genus Morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family) Droplet transmission MOT Indirect transmission with freshly contaminated fomites period is 10-12 days test at 8 days, longest at 20 INBUBATION mmunicability - PERIOD Most e height of the rash  SYNONYMS TIGDAS Measles virus or measles morbilivirus CAUSATIVE (single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus with 1 serotype. It MEASLES AGENT is classified as a member of the genus Morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family) Droplet transmission MOT Indirect transmission with freshly contaminated fomites Average incubation period is 10-12 days INBUBATION (some cases – shortest at 8 days, longest at 20 PERIOD days) Period of communicability - Most communicable at the height of the rash MEASLES CHARACTERISTICS RASHES: maculopapular, cephalocaudal (hairline and behind the ears to trunk and limbs), confluent, desquamation, pruritus MEASLES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS PRE-ERUPTIVE PHASE (3-4 DAYS) High fever highly communicable 3 C’s + photophobia PS: Koplik’s spots Stimson line MEASLES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ERUPTIVE PHASE Maculopapular rashes, reddish and blotchy “morbiliform rash” first appear on the hairline or behind the ears cephalocaudal distribution Exanthem sign MEASLES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS POST-ERUPTIVE PHASE “branny desquamation” A severe form known as “black measles” hemorrhagic rashes, epistaxis , melena and marked toxicity may occur. MEASLES COMPLICATIONS Pneumonia Encephalitis Sub Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) Diarrhea Otitis Media MEASLES NURSING MANAGEMENT Bed rest Relief of symptoms Vaporizers and warm environment help reduce respiratory irritation. Health teaching Proper disposal of discharges. concurrent and terminal disinfection Droplet and Airborne Precaution Protect eyes of patient from glare of strong light MEASLES PREVENTIVE MANAGEMENT Immunization Proper disposal of nasopharyngeal secretion Covering of nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing YOU ARE TAKING C ARE OF PATIENT SUFFERING FROM MEASLES.TO AVOID CONTRACTING THE DISEASE, AS A NURSE, YOU NEED TO.. a. Avoid the patient b. Wear PPE wen visiting the patient c. Wash hands before visiting the patient. d. Avoid staying with the patient for a long period of time YOU ARE TAKING C ARE OF PATIENT SUFFERING FROM MEASLES.TO AVOID CONTRACTING THE DISEASE, AS A NURSE, YOU NEED TO.. a. Avoid the patient b. Wear PPE wen visiting the patient c. Wash hands before visiting the patient. d. Avoid staying with the patient for a long period of time  GERMAN MEASLES RUBELLA A contagious viral infection best known by it’s distinctive red rash. ln Disease, 3 Day GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS CAUSATIVE AGENT borne MOT INBUBATION MMUNICABILITY: 5 days PERIOD after rash  Rubella, Rotheln Disease, 3 Day GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS Measles CAUSATIVE AGENT borne MOT INBUBATION MMUNICABILITY: 5 days PERIOD after rash  Rubella, Rotheln Disease, 3 Day GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS Measles CAUSATIVE RNA rubella virus AGENT borne MOT INBUBATION MMUNICABILITY: 5 days PERIOD after rash  Rubella, Rotheln Disease, 3 Day GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS Measles CAUSATIVE RNA rubella virus AGENT MOT droplets and airborne INBUBATION MMUNICABILITY: 5 days PERIOD after rash  Rubella, Rotheln Disease, 3 Day GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS Measles CAUSATIVE RNA rubella virus AGENT MOT droplets and airborne INBUBATION 14-21 days PERIOD PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY: 5 days before and 5 days after rash GERMAN MEASLES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Rashes: Maculopapular, Diffuse/not confluent, No desquamation, spreads from the face downwards PS: forscheimer’s (red lesion on the buccal cavity or soft palate) cervical lymphadenopathy Fever: low grade fever GERMAN MEASLES COMPLICATIONS Pneumonia FETAL COMPLICATIONS: Meningoencephalitis 1st tri-congenital anomalies 2nd tri-abortion Thrombocytopenia 3rd tri-pre mature delivery Sinusitis Otitis media mental retardation cataracts blueberry-muffin skin GERMAN MEASLES DRUG TREATMENT Aspirin for fever and joint pain NO topical or systemic medications. Diversionary activities Pregnant women SHOULD NOT receive rubella active immunization GERMAN MEASLES PREVENTIVE MANAGEMENT Immunization Proper disposal of nasopharyngeal secretion Covering of nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS BY THE NURSE INDIC ATES THAT SHE IS KNOWLEDGEABLE OF GERMAN MEASLES a. She advise the client to drink calamansi juice instead of water b. she advise the client to wear mask at all times. c. Instruct the pregnant mother to take the vaccine d. Provide the patient with a tissue paper to sneeze. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS BY THE NURSE INDIC ATES THAT SHE IS KNOWLEDGEABLE OF GERMAN MEASLES a. She advise the client to drink calamansi juice instead of water b. she advise the client to wear mask at all times. c. Instruct the pregnant mother to take the vaccine d. Provide the patient with a tissue paper to sneeze. CHICKEN POX DEFINITION  GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS CAUSATIVE us ,Varicella Zoster Virus AGENT borne MOT INBUBATION MMUNICABILITY: 5 days PERIOD after rash  GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS Varicella CAUSATIVE us ,Varicella Zoster Virus AGENT borne MOT INBUBATION MMUNICABILITY: 5 days PERIOD after rash  GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS Varicella CAUSATIVE Herpes Zoster Virus ,Varicella Zoster Virus AGENT borne MOT INBUBATION MMUNICABILITY: 5 days PERIOD after rash  GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS Varicella CAUSATIVE Herpes Zoster Virus ,Varicella Zoster Virus AGENT MOT droplets and airborne INBUBATION MMUNICABILITY: 5 days PERIOD after rash GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS Varicella CAUSATIVE Herpes Zoster Virus ,Varicella Zoster Virus AGENT MOT droplets and airborne 10-21 days INBUBATION PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY: one day PERIOD before rash and 6 days after first crop of vesicles  CHICKEN POX CHARACTERISTICS Maculopapulovesicular (covered areas), Centrifugal, starts on face and trunk and spreads to entire body Leaves a pitted scar (pockmark) CHICKEN POX COMPLICATIONS Furunculosis Erysipelas Meningoencephalitis Dormant: remain at the dorsal root ganglion and may recur as shingles CHICKEN POX DRUG TREATMENT Oral Acyclovir 800mg. 3x a day for 5 days Strict isolation Local or systemic antipruritic Cool bicarbonate of soda baths Calamine lotion Antihistamine CHICKEN POX PREVENTIVE MANAGEMENT Immunization Proper disposal of nasopharyngeal secretion Covering of nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing INFLUENZA DEFINITION  GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS CAUSATIVE B, C AGENT with nasopharyngeal MOT INBUBATION PERIOD  GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS FLU CAUSATIVE B, C AGENT with nasopharyngeal MOT INBUBATION PERIOD  GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS FLU CAUSATIVE Myxovirus AGENT Influenza virus A, B, C with nasopharyngeal MOT INBUBATION PERIOD GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS FLU CAUSATIVE Myxovirus AGENT Influenza virus A, B, C Droplet, contact with nasopharyngeal MOT secretionS INBUBATION PERIOD GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS FLU CAUSATIVE Myxovirus AGENT Influenza virus A, B, C Droplet, contact with nasopharyngeal MOT secretions INBUBATION PERIOD 1-5 DAYS INFLUENZA TYPES INFLUENZA SURFACE ANTIGENS hemagglutinin (HA or H) neuraminidase (NA or N) INFLUENZA AVIAN INFLUENZA Synonym: Bird flu, AI Causative agent: Influenza A H5N1 virus MOT: Direct contact with droppings of infected bird Signs and symptoms: Fever, body weakness or muscle pain, cough, sore throat, sore eyes, DOB Management: Same as influenza Prevention: No vaccine available yet, avoid migratory birds, Thorough cooking of poultry meat INFLUENZA SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Chills Temp. Ranging from 38-40 C Headache, Myalgia, non-productive Occasional: laryngitis, hoarseness, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and rhinorrhea. Symptoms subsides in 3-5 days GI manifestations: N and V INFLUENZA DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Nose and throat swab Viral Culture Viral Serology INFLUENZA DRUG TREATMENT Symptomatic Amantidine, Zanamivir Isolation Bed Rest INFLUENZA PREVENTIVE MANAGEMENT Immunization Proper disposal of nasopharyngeal secretion Covering of nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing COVID-19 …  SYNONYMS CAUSATIVE MEASLES AGENT e MOT INBUBATION PERIOD  SYNONYMS NCOV CAUSATIVE MEASLES AGENT e MOT INBUBATION PERIOD  SYNONYMS NCOV CAUSATIVE MEASLES Coronavirus AGENT e MOT INBUBATION PERIOD  SYNONYMS NCOV CAUSATIVE MEASLES Coronavirus AGENT MOT Droplet; airborne INBUBATION PERIOD  SYNONYMS NCOV CAUSATIVE MEASLES Coronavirus AGENT MOT Droplet; airborne INBUBATION PERIOD 21 DAYS GERMAN MEASLES SYNONYMS NCOV CAUSATIVE Myxovirus AGENT Influenza virus A, B, C MOT Droplet; airborne INBUBATION PERIOD 21 DAYS SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME SYNONYMS SARS CAUSATIVE AGENT CORONA VIRUS MODE OF AIRBORNE; Respiratory DROPLET and direct contact TRANSMISSION with body fluid of person with SARS. Oro-fecal, fomites. INCUBATION PERIOD 2-7 DAYS COVID-19 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS INTERMITTENT FEVER CHILLS HEADACHE, BODY ACHES DRY PRODUCTIVE COUGH WITH HYPOXEMIA (RESP. ACIDOSIS) DYSPNEA RELATED TO LOSS OF AERATING SURFACE LOSS OF SMELL, LOSS OF TASTE  COVID-19 DIAGNOSTIC TESTS nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), such as Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). COVID-19 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING “Ground-Glass” opacification is often indicative of viral pneumonia. Radiologic abnormalities caused by COVID-19 are more likely to be bilateral, have a peripheral distribution and involve the lower lobes. COVID-19 CLINICAL SEVERITY Non-severe COVID-19 Defined as the absence of any signs of severe or critical COVID-19 infection Defined by any of: oxygen saturation < 90% on room air Severe COVID-19 respiratory rate > 30 breaths per minute in adults and children > 5 years old; age-based respiratory rate guidelines for children