The Enlightenment Part One PDF

The Enlightenment Part One Class Agenda for April 9, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Question 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand the causes and effects of the European Enlightenment 3. 4. 5. 6. Essential Question: How did the Enlightenment affect the world? Meme/Thought of the Day Academic Vocabulary an...

The Enlightenment Part One Class Agenda for April 9, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Question 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand the causes and effects of the European Enlightenment 3. 4. 5. 6. Essential Question: How did the Enlightenment affect the world? Meme/Thought of the Day Academic Vocabulary and definitions Homework: Please read the Textbook Reading on, The Enlightenment. read pp. 195-200 and the assessment (1-9) due Tuesday 4/9 The Enlightenment grew out of the Renaissance when people questioned the role of government and rulers Thomas Hobbes’s Social Contract - The Leviathan (1651) - Humans were naturally brutish and selfish - Order was needed (provided by governments) - People had to hand over rights to a strong ruler to maintain Law and Order, Thomas Hobbes believed that people were… “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” The best ruler was an absolute monarchy - John Locke (1632-1704) People could learn from experience, they could and should govern their own affairs - He promoted the idea of self-government and self determination - All people are born free and equal in rights - Government’s job is to protect the rights of Life, Liberty, and Property John Locke was extremely influential in modern political thought - To Thomas Jefferson, the American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence, to the French Revolution - A government’s power comes from the consent of the PEOPLE - He created a foundation that many modern democracies followed - The right to rebel against unjust rulers inspired many peoples for centuries to come France was Birthplace of the Enlightenment The philosophes (philosophers in French) They Discussed all subjects using reason in the Salons (late-night dinner parties) in France Core Beliefs of the Philosophes 1. Reason; truth could be discovered through reason and logical thinking 2. Nature; what was natural was always good and reasonable 3. Happiness; to seek well-being in the here and now not just in the after-life 4. Progress; society and humankind could progress 5. Liberty; They called for the liberties the English people won during the Glorious Revolution and their Bill of Rights Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) - Most influential philosopher of the Enlightenment - Over 70 works of drama, books, and philosophy - He liked to use Satire - The use of irony or sarcasm to expose or criticise someone or something - Against the clergy, aristocracy, and government - He was imprisoned twice by the French government He fought for Tolerance, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and reason. - He fought against, intolerance, prejudice, and superstition “I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death for your right to say it.” Baron de Montesquieu 1740s - He believed that Great Britain was the best-governed country of his day - Division of power Montesquieu Believed in a tricameral (three-house) government - Executive (king/president) - Legislative (parliament/Congress - Judicial (English Judges/Supreme court) - On the Spirit of Powers (1748) - Power… should be a check to power - “Checks and balances” Jean Jacques Rousseau - Committed to individual freedom - He believed a direct democracy was the best, freely formed by the people - Give up individual rights for the benefit of society - All people were equal and titles of nobility should be abolished Cesare Beccaria; criminal justice reform - Justice was to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes - Too many abuses in the justice system - Punishments were cruel and arbitrary, didn’t fit the severity of the crime - People should receive a speedy trial, torture and capital punishement should be abolished