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## Question 1 Promulgation refers to... 1. The different stages, readings and processes through which legislation has to pass before it is accepted and issued by the relevant legislative body. 2. The process by which the judiciary may modify or adapt the ordinary meaning of a legislative provision...

## Question 1 Promulgation refers to... 1. The different stages, readings and processes through which legislation has to pass before it is accepted and issued by the relevant legislative body. 2. The process by which the judiciary may modify or adapt the ordinary meaning of a legislative provision in such a way that it conforms to the purpose or aim of the legislation. 3. The process by which legislation commences and is formally put into operation. 4. The process whereby legislation which is alleged to be in conflict with the Constitution is reviewed or tested by the court. Only statement (3) is correct. See Botha C Statutory interpretation: An introduction for students (2012). ## Question 2 When interpreting a piece of legislation, internal aids are used. Which of the aids mentioned below is not an internal aid of interpretation? 1. The long title. 2. The definitions clause. 3. Commission reports. 4. The preamble. Only statement (3) is correct. See Botha C Statutory interpretation: An introduction for students (2012). ## Question 3 The following are semantic guidelines determining that a provision is directory. Identify the incorrect guideline. 1. Permissive words such as "may" indicate discretion and will be interpreted as being directory, unless the purpose of the provision indicates otherwise. 2. Positive language suggests that the word is merely directory. 3. A word or words with an imperative character indicate a directory provision. 4. If the provision is formulated in flexible and vague terms, it is an indication that it is directory. Only statement (3) is correct. See Botha C Statutory interpretation: An introduction for students (2012).