Rhyme Presentation PDF

Rhyme What is Rhyme? Rhyme occurs when the word endings of two words sound alike. (If the beginning sounds are alike, it is NOT rhyme!) The difference is usually only in the initial consonant sounds while the rest of the words sound alike. Examples of rhyme are word pairs like: sin...

Rhyme What is Rhyme? Rhyme occurs when the word endings of two words sound alike. (If the beginning sounds are alike, it is NOT rhyme!) The difference is usually only in the initial consonant sounds while the rest of the words sound alike. Examples of rhyme are word pairs like: sing-ring, ball-tall. (Note: rhymes must be in pairs. A word CANNOT rhyme by itself!) Some words sound more similar than others. Some types of rhyme have only vague similarities of sound (e.g. slant rhyme, which will be discussed in more detail later). Rhyme is probably the most familiar element of poetry because most people associate poetry with rhyming line endings. Rhyme and Spelling Since rhyme is concerned only with the sounds of words, we are not concerned with spelling. Words that are spelled differently may sound exactly alike (son-sun, carrot-carat), forming what some people call an “identical rhyme”. (Words that sound exactly the same are also known as “homophones”). On the other hand, some words that are spelled the same may be pronounced differently (move-love) and so do not rhyme at all. The only exception to this rule is a special kind of rhyme called “eye rhyme”, which will be explained in more detail later. Types of Rhyme How do we categorize different types of rhyme? We distinguish between rhymes in terms of a) the position that they have in a line of poetry or b) the quality of their sound. For further classification of rhyme, we also look at the number of syllables rhyming words have, and the stress pattern of these syllables. Type of Rhyme: Position End rhyme In poetry and nursery rhymes, we most often come across words at the end of a line that sound alike. This kind of rhyme is known as end rhyme. Example: “The woods are lovely, dark and deep But I have promises to keep” (Frost, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”) “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary.” (Poe, “The Raven”) “Tyger, Tyger” by William Blake Tyger Tyger, burning bright, What the hammer? what the chain, In the forests of the night; In what furnace was thy brain? What immortal hand or eye, What the anvil? what dread grasp. Could frame thy fearful symmetry? Dare its deadly terrors clasp? In what distant deeps or skies. When the stars threw down their spears Burnt the fire of thine eyes? And water'd heaven with their tears: On what wings dare he aspire? Did he smile his work to see? What the hand, dare seize the fire? Did he who made the Lamb make thee? And what shoulder, & what art, Tyger Tyger burning bright, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? In the forests of the night: And when thy heart began to beat. What immortal hand or eye, What dread hand? & what dread feet? Dare frame thy fearful symmetry? “Three Rings for the Elven-kings under the sky, Seven for the Dwarf-lords in their halls of stone, Nine for Mortal Men, doomed to die, One for the Dark Lord on his dark throne In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie. One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them. In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie.” – JRR Tolkien Tegak rumah kerana sendi, Runtuh sendi rumah binasa, Tegak bangsa kerana budi, Runtuh budi hilanglah bangsa Internal Rhyme This type of rhyme occurs (mostly) when two words within a line rhyme. While most traditional poetry has end rhyme, only few poems have internal rhyme. The most common type of internal rhyme is when a word in the middle of a line rhymes with the word at the end of the same line. Example: The wedding guest, he beat his breast. However, in some modern poems, internal rhyme may refer to any rhyming words within the same line. “The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared, Merrily did we drop Below the kirk, below the hill, Below the lighthouse top. The Sun came up upon the left, Out of the sea came he! And he shone bright, and on the right Went down into the sea. Higher and higher every day, Till over the mast at noon—’ The Wedding-Guest here beat his breast, For he heard the loud bassoon.” Excerpt from “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge Taken from The Guardian “A Crowded Trolley Car” by Elinor The rain's coldWylie grains are silver- Dangle by the hair. gray Sharp as golden sands, Orchard of the strangest fruits A bell is clanging, people sway Hanging from the skies; Hanging by their hands. Brothers, yet insensate brutes Who fear each other's eyes. Supple hands, or gnarled and stiff, Snatch and catch and grope; One man stands as free men That face is yellow-pale, as if stand, The fellow swung from rope. As if his soul might be Brave, unbroken; see his hand Dull like pebbles, sharp like knives, Nailed to an oaken tree. Glances strike and glare, Fingers tangle, Bluebeard's wives Google Commons Cross Rhyme Cross rhyme occurs when a word in the middle or end of a line rhymes with a word in the middle of the next line. This kind of rhyme is often found in Malay traditional poems called pantun. Example: But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token, And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, ‘Lenore!’ (Poe, “The Raven”) Types of Rhyme: The Quality of Sound Exact Rhyme Exact rhyme refers to words where the word endings sound exactly alike, even though they may be spelled differently. It is also called full rhyme or perfect rhyme. Words that rhyme exactly tend to have the same number of syllables and are stressed on the same syllable. In English, most words that fall into this category are words with only one syllable (monosyllabic words). Examples: Moon-soon Earth-birth June-soon “To My Dear and Loving Husband” by Anne Bradstreet If ever two were one, then surely we. If ever man were loved by wife, then thee. If ever wife was happy in a man, Compare with me, ye women, if you can. I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold, Or all the riches that the East doth hold. My love is such that rivers cannot quench, Nor ought but love from thee give recompense. Thy love is such I can no way repay; The heavens reward thee manifold, I pray. Then while we live, in love let’s so persever, That when we live no more, we may live ever. “Song of the Witches” in Macbeth Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and caldron bubble. Fillet of a fenny snake, In the caldron boil and bake; Eye of newt and toe of frog, Wool of bat and tongue of dog, Adder’s fork and blind-worm’s sting, Lizard’s leg and howlet’s wing, (Act IV, Scene I) Slant rhyme This type of rhyme is also called off-rhyme, near rhyme, half-rhyme, pararhyme or imperfect rhyme. Generally, whenever there is a similarity in the sound of the rhyming words but they do not sound exactly the same, we call this slant rhyme. Slant rhyme occurs when: the consonant sounds are alike but the vowel sounds are different. (This is also called consonance, and may not necessarily just appear as part of a rhyme)  Examples: Sun-soon, green-grain, heat-hate, hair-whore. The rhyming words have different numbers of syllables.  Examples: night-flashlight, number-remember Rhyming words are stressed on different syllables.  Example: mistress-distress “Hope is a Thing with Feathers” by Emily Dickinson “Hope” is the thing with feathers - I’ve heard it in the chillest land - That perches in the soul - And on the strangest Sea - And sings the tune without the Yet - never - in Extremity, words - It asked a crumb - of me. And never stops - at all - And sweetest - in the Gale - is heard - And sore must be the storm - That could abash the little Bird That kept so many warm - Eye Rhyme Eye rhyme is a kind of slant rhyme. It occurs when words are spelled alike but sound different when read out loud. This kind of rhyme is most likely found in poems which are meant to be read on a page rather than recited. Examples: Tough-dough Idea-flea Mosaic Rhyme Mosaic rhyme is a kind of slant rhyme. It occurs when two or more words are needed to rhyme with one word, usually to make up the correct number of syllables. It is often used to rhyme words with rare or difficult rhyming sounds, or to avoid overused rhymes such as “arms-charms”, “star-far” or “heart-part”. This type of rhyme is more commonly found in rap music than in poetry. Examples: disguise-these skies Types of Rhyme: Counting Syllables Differentiating Between Monosyllabic and Polysyllabic Words Rhyming words can be made up of single syllable (monosyllabic) words (fall-call, sing-ring) or words with more than one syllable (polysyllabic words). In English, there are more rhyming monosyllabic words than rhyming polysyllabic words. Masculine Rhyme Masculine rhyme can be divided into two:  monosyllabic rhyme (fall-call, sing-ring), which is probably the most common type of rhyme in English.  polysyllabic rhyme where words are stressed on the last syllable (e.g divorce-remorse, today- repay). Feminine rhyme Feminine rhyme refers to rhyming polysyllabic words that are stressed on any other syllable than the last. Examples: two syllables: singing-ringing, falling-calling three syllables: history-mystery, glamorous-amorous In English poetry, feminine rhyme tends to “soften” the effect of a poem, sometimes even making it sound comical. Therefore, poets often avoid using feminine rhyme. Feminine rhyme has been used successfully by rap artists like Eminem in their songs, without sounding comical. Describing Rhyme in Poetry When masculine rhyme is found at the end of a line, we call this monosyllabic rhyme as end rhyme or masculine rhyme as end rhyme. If the rhyming monosyllabic words are found within the same line, we can describe this as monosyllabic (or masculine) rhyme as internal rhyme. These are just examples. You can use similar descriptions for feminine rhyme. Alliteration The repetition of the same letter sound across a line. This will involve several words within the same line. Initial alliteration Hidden alliteration Tongue Twisters are a good source of Alliteration Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? A good cook could cook as many cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies. I saw a saw that could out saw any other saw I ever saw. Sonnet 5 by William Shakespeare Those hours, that with gentle work did frame The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell, Will play the tyrants to the very same And that unfair which fairly doth excel; For never-resting time leads summer on To hideous winter, and confounds him there; Sap checked with frost, and lusty leaves quite gone, Beauty o'er-snowed and bareness every where: Then were not summer's distillation left, A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass, Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft, Nor it, nor no remembrance what it was: But flowers distilled, though they with winter meet, Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.