Yellow Perch Anatomy and Dissection PDF

YELLOW PERCH Perca flavescens BIO 415L Presented by Dr. Sarah Polekoff  Locate the following skeletal Locate the following external Identify the following structures of elements (fig. 4.1-4.2): structures (fig....

YELLOW PERCH Perca flavescens BIO 415L Presented by Dr. Sarah Polekoff  Locate the following skeletal Locate the following external Identify the following structures of elements (fig. 4.1-4.2): structures (fig.4.3): internal anatomy during the PERCH STRUCTURES Orbit Operculum Nares Eye dissection (fig. 4.5, fig. 4.8-4.9): Gill rakers (under operculum) Preoperculum Mandible Gills (under operculum) Suboperculum Maxilla Gill filaments (under operculum) Branchiostegal rays Preopercular region Branchial arch (under operculum) Supraorbital Opercular region Pharynx Radial pterygiophores Branchiostegal rays Bulbus arteriosus (heart) Fin spines (anterior dorsal fin) Anterior dorsal fin (spiny ray) Heart Fin rays (posterior dorsal fin) Posterior dorsal fin (soft ray) Transverse septum Trunk vertebrae Caudal peduncle Liver Caudal vertebrae Caudal fin Swim bladder Neural spine Anal fin Stomach Hemal spine Pectoral fin Small intestine Hypurai Pelvic fin Rectum Dorsal rib Lateral line Anus Ventral rib Spleen Epaxial muscles Observe under the microscope: Kidney Fish gill Mesentery Fish skin Testes (male) Ctenoid scale Urinary bladder Cycloid scale Ganoid scale Taxonomy Taxonomy  Teleost fish with specific genome duplication as unique models of vertebrate evolution Yukuo Sato and Mutsumi Nishida 2010; Environmental Biology of Fishes  Teleost skull adaptations Suction feeding: Premaxilla free, not fused Elongated maxilla Adductor muscle pulls top of maxilla towards skull, rotating and extending lower jaw Quick motion creates negative space, sucking in prey  Cool Fish Videos Snakehead: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= WwgjW3AIJa4 Fish eating: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= sOPYOXhaOuE&t=63s Slingjaw wrasse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= pDU4CQWXaNY  Holostei skull (bowfin) Lack jaw mobility present in teleosts: Premaxilla fused to skull Maxilla holds teeth  Yellow Perch Dissection Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= pNZQEmGp11k  Orbit Fin rays (posterior dorsal fin) Dorsal rib SKELETAL Operculum Trunk vertebrae Ventral rib Preoperculum Caudal vertebrae SYSTEM Suboperculum Supraorbital Neural spine Hemal spine Fin spines (anterior dorsal fin) SKELETAL SYSTEM Orbit Operculum Preoperculum Suboperculum Branchiostegal rays Supraorbital Radial pterygiophores (attached by scapula)  Nares Branchiostegal rays Pectoral fin EXTERNAL Eye Mandible Anterior dorsal fin (spiny ray) Posterior dorsal fin (soft ray) Pelvic fin Lateral line Maxilla Caudal peduncle ANATOMY Preopercular region Caudal fin Opercular region Anal fin https://youtu.be/mqraFwQF1iU Observe under the microscope: 1. Fish gill 2. Fish skin 3. Ctenoid scale (higher bony fish) 4. Cycloid scale: thin, large, round or oval, and overlap (e.g. carp) 5. Ganoid scale: diamond shaped (e.g. sturgeons) Most of the scale is embedded in the skin Small posterior portion is exposed Ctenii: Posterior end, termed the bony portion (though it is distinct from true bone) numerous small tooth-like projections This type of scale is termed ctenoid (comb-like), based on the structure of its posterior end (other teleosteans may have circular or cycloid scales because they lack ctenii; some lack scales). Embedded portion of the scale is made of fibrous connective tissue. Scales grow as the fish ages. Concentric growth rings used for aging Fish Scales: Cycloid vs Ctenoid Scale Islam et al. (2019) Fish Scales: Cycloid vs Ctenoid Scale Fish Scales: Ganoid Scale Fish Scales: Overview  Fish gills on microscopy RESPIRATORY ANATOMY Gill rakers Gills Gill filaments Branchial arch: series of bony "loops" present in fish, which support the gills Pharynx INTERNAL ANATOMY Bulbus arteriosus (heart) Heart (atrium, ventricle, sinus venosus) Transverse septum: anterior to liver, thin membrane that separates the pleuroperitoneal cavity and the pericardial cavity. Liver Swim bladder Stomach INTERNAL ANATOMY The head kidney, analogous to the mammalian adrenal gland, is an organ unique for teleost fish (Geven & Klaren, 2017) It comprises cytokine- producing lymphoid cells from the immune system and endocrine cells secreting cortisol, catecholamines, and thyroid hormones. INTERNAL ANATOMY Pathway of blood: 1. Sinus venosus 2. Atrium 3. Ventricle 4. Bulbus arteriosus https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281616988_Circul atory_Respiratory_Systems#fullTextFileContent INTERNAL ANATOMY Rectum Anus Epaxial muscles Kidney Mesentery Testes (male) Urinary bladder  DIGESTIVE TRACT Pyloric ceca Secrete enzymes and provide additional digestive areas to the intestine (Britannica, n.d.) There is a tendency for the more predacious species to have more numerous pyloric ceca.  Liver Spleen (production of blood cells) Swim bladder Epaxial muscles INTERNAL ANATOMY Stomach Kidney Small intestine Mesentery Rectum Testes (male) Anus Urinary bladder References Britannica. (n.d.). Pyloric ceca | anatomy. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/pylor ic-ceca Geven, E. J. W., & Klaren, P. H. M. (2017). The teleost head kidney: Integrating thyroid and immune signalling. Developmental and comparative immunology, 66, 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.025 Islam, M. A., Sifat, J., Rafin, H. A. K., & Hossain, M. A. R. (2019). Squamatological variations in five inland fishes of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries, 31(1), 1-16. Iuliis, G. D., & Pulerà, D. (2019). The Dissection of Vertebrates (3rd Edition). Elsevier S & T. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9 780124105003 Sato, Y., Nishida, M. (2010) Teleost fish with specific genome duplication as unique models of vertebrate evolution. Environ Biol Fish 88, 169–188.