Inflammation PDF 2019
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Uploaded by HandsomePearl
2019
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Summary
This document is a presentation on inflammation, covering topics such as the stages of inflammation, mediators, and classifications. It details the different types of exudates, the mechanisms of increasing vessel wall permeability and the types of inflammation. It explores the principles of correction during inflammation and the general signs of inflammation, like fever and leukocytosis, depending also on the concentration of mediators.
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DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY– 2019 INFLAMMATIO N Inflammation – typical pathological process, developed as a complex response of organism against any type of injury caused by pathogenic factors. Flogogenic...
DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY– 2019 INFLAMMATIO N Inflammation – typical pathological process, developed as a complex response of organism against any type of injury caused by pathogenic factors. Flogogenic factors Exogenous Mechanical, physical, chemical and biological Endogenous The decomposition products of tissue and tumors, as well as immune complexes, bile acids, uric acid and its salts, etc. The Stages of Inflammation Alteration Exudation and emigration Proliferation Alteration The primary alteration - damage to cells, the activation of lysosomal enzymes with a predominance of anaerobic glycolysis, proteolysis and lipolysis The primary alteration – direct damage of cells, the activation of lysosomal enzymes with a predominance of anaerobic glycolysis, proteolysis and lipolysis Secondary alteration - hyperosmia, hyperoncia, H + hyperionia, disionia Mediators of Inflammation Activation of blood proteolysis system Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid Degranulation of mast cells occurs under influence of immune mechanism, IL-1, lysosomal enzymes, C3a- C5a, and other flogogenic factors IL-1 and TNF effects Exudation Passage of protein-containing liquid portion of the blood through the vascular wall into the inflamed tissue Exudation -vascular disorders - exudation -leukocyte emigration Vascular disorders - manifested in the following order: - brief spasm of arterioles - arterial hyperemia - venous hyperemia - stasis Transudate and Indexes Transudate Exudate Density exudate 1006-1013 >1018 Proteins 3% Albumin/Globulin 2-4 0,5-1,0 Coagulability No Yes Amount of cells in ≤100 ≥3000 1mkl рН 7,4-7,6 6-7 and less Osmotic pressure 0,56-0,6 0,6-1,0 Mechanisms of increasing or vessel wall permeability Emigration Margination, rolling, adhesion, transmigration Phagocytosis. Stages Chemotaxis Adhesion Engulfment Lysis Proliferation Occur due to: Proliferation of parenchymal cells – regeneration Migration and emigration of cells of connective tissue (fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes) Synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins – elastine, collagen, glucosaminglucans Outcome of acute and chronic inflammation Reciprocal interrelation between macrophages and lymphocytes during Pathogenesis of chronic inflammation Local signs of inflammation Calor Rubor Tumor Dolor Functio laesa General signs of inflammation Fever Leukocytosis Increasing production of «acute phase» proteins Intoxication Increasing ESR Manifestation of inflammation depending of concentration of mediators Classification of inflammation Alterative Exudative – infiltrative (catarhal, serouz, fibrinous, hemorrhagic, purulent, putrid, mixed. Proliferative Principles of correction during inflammation Etiological Pathogenetical Sanogenetical Symptomatic
