Digestive System PDF

Digestive System Dr. Alaa Talaat  Stoma= mouth Xerostomia: Dryness of mouth Stomatitis: inflammation of mouth  Lingual= tongue  Sublingual: under the tongue.  Lingual nerve: Nerve supplying the tongue.  Lingual obstruction of airway: obstruction of the airway by the tongue. Tonsi...

Digestive System Dr. Alaa Talaat  Stoma= mouth Xerostomia: Dryness of mouth Stomatitis: inflammation of mouth  Lingual= tongue  Sublingual: under the tongue.  Lingual nerve: Nerve supplying the tongue.  Lingual obstruction of airway: obstruction of the airway by the tongue. Tonsil : collection of lymphoid tissue in the mouth. Tonsillitis: inflammation of tonsil Tonsillectomy: Surgical removal of the tonsil  Pharyngeal =pharynx Pharyngeal nerve: nerve supplying the pharynx Pharyngitis: inflammation of pharynx Phagia = swallowing  Dysphagia: difficult in swallowing  Odynophagia: pain in swallowing  Esophago = esophagus  Esophagitis: inflammation of esophagus  Esophageal varices: dilatation of the veins in the lower esophagus  Gastro = stomach  Gastritis: inflammation of stomach  Gastric ulcer: ulcer in the stomach  Gastrin: hormone secreted from stomach  Gastro = stomach Gastroesophageal reflux: reflux of HCl from the stomach to the esophagus  Gastroscopy: the process of visualization of the stomach using endoscope  Entero = small intestine Enteritis: inflammation of small intestine.  Gastroenteritis: inflammation of small intestine and stomach.  Enterotomy: incision in the small intestine  Ileo = ilium Ileitis: inflammation of ilium Paralytic ileus: paralysis of the whole small intestine not only the ilium  Colo = large intestine (or colon)  Colitis: inflammation of large intestine  Coloscopy: the process of visualization of the colon using endoscope  Colectomy: removal of a part of the colon  Colostomy: opening in the colon  Sigmo = sigmoid colon Sigmoiditis: inflammation of sigmoid colon. Sigmidscopy: the process of visualization of the sigmoid colon using endoscope.  Append = appendix of the colon  Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix  Appendectomy: surgical removal of the appendix  Procto = rectum  Proctitis: inflammation of rectum.  Proctoscopy: the process of visualization of the rectum using endoscope.  Anal = anus opening  Anal fissure: fissure in the anal region  Anal prolapse: protrusion of some structure from the anal opening Hepato: liver  Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver.  Hepatoma: malignant tumor of the liver. Pancrea: pancreas Pancreatitis: inflammation of pancreas Pancreatectomy: surgical removal of the pancreas.  Cholecysto = the gall bladder.  Cholecystitis: inflammation of the gall bladder.  Cholecystectomy: surgical removal of the gall bladder.  Cholangitis: inflammation of the bile duct.  Cholecystolithiasis: gall bladder stones.  Gingiv = gum Gingivitis: inflammation of gum  Gingival hyperplasia: enlargement of the gum  Some GIT diseases Liver cirrhosis Chronic progressive disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells followed by fibrosis.  Ascites:  abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen. Melena: black, tarry stools (stool containing digested blood ) due to upper GIT lesion.  Bleeding per rectum: fresh blood pass with stool due to lower GIT lesion. Colic: acute abdominal pain caused by spasms of intestinal muscles. Constipation: difficult, delayed elimination of feces due to hardness of stool and slow peristaltic movement. Diarrhea: loose, watery stools with increased frequency. Hemorrrhoids (called piles): swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region. Hernia: protrusion of an organ or part of it through opening in the abdominal wall as in case of umbilical hernia and inguinal hernia.