Community Development & Ethics PDF

Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 Community-Based Inclusive Development COMMUNITY-BASED HABILITATION AND REHABILITATION...

Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 Community-Based Inclusive Development COMMUNITY-BASED HABILITATION AND REHABILITATION (formerly known as CBR) OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY PRACTICE ○ An approach that brings change in the lives of persons with disabilities at TERMINOLOGIES community level, working with and Development through local groups and institutions ○ A multidimensional undertaking to achieve a higher quality of life for all people DISABILITY, POVERTY AND DEVELOPMENT Community Development (UN) ○ "A process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems.” Inclusive Development ○ Includes and involves everyone, especially those who are marginalized and often discriminated against Human Rights ○ Rights are inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status, education, and many more. Human rights and development are closely linked – human rights are a fundamental part of development, and development is a way to realize these human rights DEVELOPMENT AS A FREEDOM (Sen, 1999) Health System Freedom, is both the end and most efficient ○ Comprised of all the organizations, means of sustaining economic life and the key to institutions and resources that are securing the general welfare of the world's entire devoted to producing any effort, whether population in personal health care, public health Development requires the removal of major services or through inter-sectoral sources of unfreedom initiatives, whose primary purpose is to improve health Health Systems Thinking ○ An approach to problem solving that views problems and solutions as part of a wider, dynamic system Inclusive Health ○ All individuals can access health care irrespective of impairment, gender, age, color, race, religion and socioeconomic status. Community-Based Rehabilitation ○ A strategy to improve access to rehabilitation services for people with disabilities in developing countries Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 CONTINUUM OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Republic Act 9442 amends the Magna Carta to APPROACHES provide other privileges and incentives for persons with disability already uses the term “person with disability” but still retains RA 7277’s definition of disability. Republic Act 10754 which was passed into law in 2016 expanding the benefits and privileges of persons with disability and the Department issued Administrative Order 2017-0008 which details the implementing Guidelines of Republic Act 10754, otherwise known as “An Act OTHER APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY Expanding the Benefits and Privileges of Persons DEVELOPMENT with Disability”, for the Provision of Medical and Civic Community Engagement Health-related Discounts and Special Privileges. ○ According to the United Nations Republic Act 11228, s. 2019 - An Act Providing Development program, in a modern for the Mandatory PhilHealth Coverage for All society, civic participation is one of the Persons with Disabilities, amending for the most important criteria for community Purpose, Republic Act No. 7277, otherwise development. Active participation of known as the Magna Carta for Persons with citizens in solving problems and Disabilities. developing their environment contributes Republic Act 11650 of 2022 institutes the policy to the creation of a sustainable and of inclusive education by mandating the creation prosperous society. of inclusive learning resource centers for learners Service Learning with disabilities ○ Service-learning is an experiential Executive Order 437 (2005): Encouraging the learning model involving the Implementation of Community-Based incorporation of community engagement Rehabilitation (CBR) for Persons with Disabilities into course curriculum to enhance in the Philippines student learning outcomes and advance community efforts CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING HEALTH AND Community-Engaged Scholarship (CES) DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ○ CES refers to faculty and community NATIONAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROGRAMS stakeholders’ contributions, in their FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES respective areas of expertise, to VISION: A country where all persons with co-create knowledge that addresses disabilities, Including children and their families community-identified cares and live in dignity, with equal rights and opportunities, concerns, as well as serving the public and are able to achieve their full potential. good MISSION: Contribute to achieving optimal health, functioning and wellbeing, and human rights for LEGAL BASIS OF DISABILITY INTERVENTIONS all persons with disabilities. OBJECTIVES: PHILIPPINE LAWS RELATED TO DISABILITY ○ To improve access and reasonable Republic Act 7277 of 1992: The Philippine accommodations of PWDs to general Magna Carta for Persons with Disability and specialized health services and care. ○ Sets the standards and requirements for ○ To ensure the accessibility, availability the rights and privileges of persons with and affordability of habilitation and disabilities and likewise prohibits rehabilitation services for PWDs, discrimination against them in terms of including children with disabilities. employment, transportation, use of public accommodation, and services. Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 ○ To ensure the development and implementation of policies and guidelines, health service packages, including financing and provider payment schemes for health services of PWDs. ○ To enhance capacity of health providers and stakeholders in improving the health status of PWDs. ○ To strengthen collaboration and synergy with stakeholders to improve response to the health services for PWDs through regular dialogues and interactions ○ To facilitate the collection, analysis and dissemination of reliable, timely and CHALLENGES TO HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND complete data and researches on PRODUCTS health-related issues of PWDs in order to Are products for persons with communication develop and implement evidence-based and swallowing disorders accessible and policies. affordable? Do these products meet the users needs? HEALTH SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCKS Are they culturally appropriate? Are there enough service providers to fit and provide user training? CHALLENGES TO HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS World Disability Prevalence Rate: 15-16% National Statistics Authority (2010) Census of Population and Housing: 1.443 million persons (1.57%) with disability National Disability Prevalence Survey Rate HEALTH SYSTEM DELIVERY (WHO Service Platforms (2016): 12% have severe disability for Rehabilitation) Philippine Statistics Authority (2020) Census of General Referral Clinic Population and Housing Of the 97.60 million Specialized Referral Clinic household population five years old and over, Community-based there were 8,469,426 persons five years old and Outreach type over (nearly 9 in every 100 persons {8.7%}) Integrated reported to have difficulty in functioning in at least one of the six domains. CHALLENGES TO THE HUMAN HEALTH Among the 17 administrative regions : WORKFORCE Region IV-A (CALABARZON) had the highest number of persons with functional difficulty in at least one domain, with 1,1158,034 persons Region III (Central Luzon) with 1,046,090 persons National Capital Region with 958,859 persons BARMM had the lowest number with 128,410 persons More females (55.6%) than males (44.4%) have at least one domain of functional difficulty. These Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 figures resulted in a sex ratio of 80 males for every 100 females. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT CYCLE PRE-PLANNING/SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS Establish contact with an organization of persons with disabilities or parents of children with disabilities. During their regular gathering, discuss their perceived needs, challenges, and possible solutions. Conduct a CBR/CBID orientation Conduct a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) Identify stakeholders CHALLENGES TO HEALTH FINANCING Request and update the database of persons with disabilities Conduct an inventory of community resources PLANNING AND DESIGN Organizational structure (if a local development disability council is formed) Training options that build the capacities of the persons with disability leaders, parents of children with disabilities and other key frontliners who provide services to persons with disabilities CHALLENGES TO HEALTH GOVERNANCE Services and responsible agencies/organizations Proposed budget Legislation (Passage of a CBR resolution or ordinance) Monitoring and evaluation plan IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 CBR/CBID Programs would need to establish the following: Referral systems for identification of persons with disabilities and their needs Provision of (build up on existing to make it disability inclusive or create new programs that are inclusive or specific) for health, education, livelihood and social services Capacity-building of key service providers, persons with disabilities, their leaders and their families HEALTH TRENDS Organization development of persons with Ageing disabilities Chronic Disease Continuous alliance building Violence and Injury Monitoring mechanism on their agreed Conflict CBR/CBID plan Natural Disasters Congenital EVALUATION Communicable Disease CBR/CBID Programs would need to establish the Maternal Health and Malnutrition following: Child Survival CBR/CBID program designs should have parameters for evaluation. Usually impact evaluation and quality of life measurements are done. How well is the CBR program achieving its objectives in terms of ○ Relevance ○ Suitability ○ Success ○ Quality ○ Quantity ○ Time and Cost DISABILITY INCLUSION DISABILITY Disability is complex, dynamic, multidimensional, and contested. It is an evolving concept. Disability results from the interaction between individuals with a health condition,with personal and environmental factors including negative attitudes, inaccessible transportation and public buildings, and limited social support. INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 ○ Communication (speaking & understanding) ○ Social/Emotional Current DOH Classification Categories of Disability ○ Deaf or Hard of Hearing ○ Intellectual Disability ○ Learning Disability ○ Mental Disability ○ Physical Disability ○ Visual Disability ○ Communication Impairment ○ Rare Disease (RA 10747) DISABILITY ○ Cancer (RA 11215) Results from the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others (UNCRPD) (1) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more psychological, physiological or anatomical function of an individual or activities of such individual; (2) a record of such an impairment; or (3) being regarded as having such an impairment,” with impairment being defined in the same instruments as “any loss, diminution or aberration THE CHARITY MODEL of psychological, physiological, or anatomical “Nakakaawa sila, kailangan nila ng tulong” structure of function.” (RA 7277) PWDs ○ The problem PERSONS WITH DISABILITY ○ Victims Those suffering from restriction of different ○ Not able to help themselves and be abilities, as a result of a mental, physical or independent sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the ○ Suffering manner or within the range considered normal for ○ “Different” a human being. (RA 7277) ○ “Bound” to condition or structures Include those who have long–term physical, Disability mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which ○ Deficit in interaction with various barriers may hinder ○ Need special services, special their full and effective participation in society on institutions (special schools or homes) equal basis with others. (IRR of RA 10070, RA Attitudes toward PWDs 10524 and RA 10754) ○ Pity, sympathy, charity, welfare When PWDs adopt this concept, they feel TYPES OF IMPAIRMENT AND DISABILITY “unable” and have a low sense of self-esteem World Health Organization ○ Physical (moving) THE MEDICAL MODEL ○ Cognitive/Intellectual (thinking) “Kailangan nilang maging NORMAL kagaya ○ Vision (seeing) natin” ○ Hearing PWDs Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 ○ As persons with physical problems that ○ Society has to change to ensure that all need to be cured people - including people with disabilities ○ Passive role of patients - have equal possibilities for participation. ○ Aim is to make them “normal” – implies ○ PWDs are denied of their basic human that they are abnormal rights Disability Right to health (physical and ○ Focused in the individual psychological) ○ PWDs need to be changed Right to education and PWDs need special services employment. ○ Special Institutions – hospitals, special schools or sheltered employment places ○ Professional such as social workers, medical professionals, therapists, special education teachers decide and provide special treatment, education and occupations THE SOCIAL MODEL Problem = disabling society Disability – result of the way society is organised that create barriers ○ Environment can be disabling or enabling Discrimination and barriers to participation COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITATION ○ Attitudinal: fear, ignorance and low CBR was seen as a strategy to improve access to expectations (influenced by culture and rehabilitation services for people with disabilities in religion) developing countries ○ Environmental: results in physical inaccessibility affecting all aspects of life CBR GUIDLINES (market and shops, public buildings, places of worship, transport, etc.) ○ Institutional: legal discrimination; PWDs are excluded from certain rights (e.g. by not being allowed to marry or to have children), or from school, etc. THE RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH Focus is on the fulfilment of basic human rights ○ Right to equal opportunities and participation in society ○ Laws and policies need to ensure that barriers created by society are removed Basic components CBR PRINCIPLES ○ Empowerment - participation of PWDs Inclusion as active stakeholders Participation ○ Accountability - duty of public Self-Advocacy institutions and structures to implement Sustainability these rights and to justify the quality and Equal opportunity quantity of their implementation. Accessibility Inclusion HEALTH AND CBR Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 Goal: People with disabilities achieve their ➔ Risk factors, e.g. smoking, physical inactivity, highest attainable standard of health. poor diet, unsafe sex The Role of CBR in Health: to work closely with ➔ Health or disease priorities, e.g. diabetes, the health sector to ensure that the needs HIV/AIDS, heart disease, oral health ofpeople with disabilities and their family ➔ Settings, e.g. community centres, clinics, members are addressed in the areas of health hospitals, schools, workplaces. promotion, prevention, medical care, rehabilitation and assistive devices. CBR also needs to work with individuals and their families to facilitate their access to health services and to PREVENTION work with other sectors to ensure that all aspects Prevention is very closely linked with health of health are addressed promotion. Prevention of health conditions(e.g. diseases, DESIRABLE HEALTH OUTCOMES OF CBR disorders, injuries) involves primary prevention People with disabilities and their family members (avoidance), secondary prevention (early have improved knowledge about their health and detection and early treatment) and tertiary are active participants in achieving good health. prevention (rehabilitation) measures. The focus The health sector is aware that people with of this element is mainly on primary prevention. disabilities can achieve good health and does not discriminate on the basis of disability and other PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES APPROACH factors such as gender. People with disabilities and their family members have access to health-care and rehabilitation services, preferably in or close to their communities and at affordable cost. Health and rehabilitation interventions enable people with disabilities to become active participants in family and community life. There is improved collaboration across all development sectors, including HEALTH PROMOTION ➔ Primary Aims to increase control over health and its ➔ Secondary determinants. The wide range of strategies and ➔ Tertiary interventions available are directed at strengthening the skills of individuals and HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES changing social, economic and environmental Facilitate access to existing prevention conditions to alleviate their impacts on health. programmes Promote healthy behaviours and lifestyles HEALTH PROMOTION ACTIONS Encourage immunization 1. Health Promotion actions Ensure proper nutrition 2. Build healthy public policy Facilitate access to maternal and child health 3. Create supportive environments for health care 4. Strengthen communities Promote clean water and sanitation 5. Develop personal skills Help to prevent injuries 6. Reorient health services Help to prevent secondary conditions Health Promotion strategies can be applied to different: MEDICAL CARE ➔ Population groups, e.g. children, adolescents, older adults Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 Medical care refers to the early identification, assessment and treatment of health conditions ASSISTIVE DEVICES and their resulting impairments, with the aim of A device that has been designed, made or curing or limiting their impacts on individuals. adapted to assist a person to perform a particular Medical care can take place at the primary, task is known as an assistive device. Many secondary or tertiary level of the health-care people with disabilities benefit from the use of system. one or more assistive devices. Some common types of assistive devices are: mobility devices (e.g. walking sticks, wheelchairs), prostheses (e.g. artificial legs), orthoses (e.g.hand splint), visual devices (e.g. glasses, white canes) and hearing devices (hearing aids). To ensure that assistive devices are used effectively, important aspects of their provision include user education, repair, replacement and environmental adaptations in the home and community. Access to assistive devices is essential for many people with disabilities and is an important part of any development strategy. Without assistive devices, people with disabilities may never be educated or able to work, so the cycle of poverty APPROACHES TO HEALTH INTERVENTION continues. Increasingly, the benefits of assistive Preventive Interventions devices are also being recognized for older ○ Vaccines people as a health promotion and prevention ○ Nutritional strategy. ○ Maternal and Neonatal ○ Education and Behavior Change DISABILITY-INCLUSIVE HEALTH CARE ○ Environmental alterations ○ Vector and intermediate host control ○ Pharmacologic ○ Injury prevention Therapeutic Interventions Access to effective health services, ○ Diagnostics to guide interventions Protection during health emergencies, and, ○ Treatment of Infectious diseases Access to cross-sectorial public health ○ Surgical and radiation treatment interventions, such as water, sanitation and ○ Control of chronic diseases hygiene services to achieve highest attainable standard of health. Rehabilitation is a set of interventions designed to reduce disability and optimize functioning in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment REHABILITATION Those who have experienced a loss in function are assisted to regain maximal functioning HABILITATION Aims to help those who acquire disabilities congenitally or early in life to develop maximal functioning Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 diagnose, and treat individuals with speech, ETHICS AND SPEECH PATHOLOGY language, cognitive, communication, voice, ETHICS fluency, and feeding/swallowing problems, from Refers to a moral philosophy or a set of moral infancy to adulthood. principles that determine appropriate behavior in Standards of Practice - means the minimum a society standard of care expected of a practicing Reflects professional values and expectations for speech-language pathologist. scientific and clinical practice PRINCIPLE I. DUTY TO CLIENTS PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS A. SLPs shall hold paramount the well-being of those they serve professionally or participants in ETHICAL their research or other scholarly activities. DESCRIPTION PRINCIPLE B. SLPs shall provide professional services Autonomy The right to self-determination. competently. Doing good or acting in the best interest C. SLPs shall not discriminate in the delivery of Beneficence of the patient professional services on the basis of age, Do no harm; do not kill, do not cause gender, race, socio-economic status, sexual pain or suffering, do not incapacitate, do preference, disability, religion, beliefs, and others. Non-Maleficence not cause offense, and do not deprive others of the goods of life D. SLPs shall refer to or consult with other SLPs if doing so shall prove to be for the best interest of Justice Treating people fairly and equitably the client. The referral or consultation process, Fidelity Trustworthiness however, shall be done with the expressed Veracity Telling the truth knowledge and consent of the client. E. SLPs shall not knowingly withhold information about the nature and condition of the client. PASP CODE OF ETHICS F. SLPs shall make appropriate and timely referrals PURPOSE OF THE PASP CODE OF ETHICS to other professionals whose services can The specific purposes of the PASP Code of Ethics (2007) answer to the client's associated problems. are as follows: G. SLPS shall respect the right of clients to choose 1. To identify and describe the principles supported whether and from whom they wish to obtain by the Speech Pathology profession professional services for their communication 2. To offer benefits and protection to SLP problems. practitioners and their service recipients H. SLPs shall protect all privileged information 3. To communicate the values of the profession to gained from professional practice, research, or its members, undergraduate students, and new other activities in whatever form or professionals medium--verbal, written, or electronic. Disclosure 4. To assist SLPs in recognition and resolution of of such information is only allowed when a) the ethical dilemmas client or the client's legal guardian consented to 5. To help protect the public and its confidence in this; b) obligated by law. the profession I. SLPs shall obtain the informed consent of the client or the client's legal guardian before TERMINOLOGIES releasing any information about them to another Client - refers to the individual receiving agency or individual, preferably expressed in professional service from an SLP regardless of writing. The obligation to maintain confidentiality age, medical condition, or presenting speech, continues indefinitely even after the SLP has language, voice, fluency, and/or ceased contact with the client. feeding/swallowing problem. J. SLPs shall use electronic methods to record a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) – a session only with legitimate reasons and with graduate of a recognized BS Speech Pathology nformed consent from the client or the client's program who has been trained to evaluate, legal guardian. Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 K. SLPs shall use clients as subjects for teaching or attending a lecture, demonstration, conference, research only after properly informing them panel discussion, workshop, seminar or other regarding the nature of the teaching or research similar teaching presentations, unless such an matter and obtaining their prior consent to activity is designated by a recognized unit of an participate in the study. institution of higher education as a formal part of L. SLPs shall respect an individual’s right to refuse its speech pathology program. certain therapeutic procedures or involvement in D. SLPs shall delegate the provision of clinical any research or educational activities. services only to: M. SLPs shall charge fees for services performed a. Other SLPs that are fair, reasonable, and commensurate with b. Student-interns of a reputable speech their level of education, training, and pathology program from a duly- trained competence. SLP N. SLPs shall maintain healthy therapeutic E. SLPs engaged in clinical supervision of relationships that do not exploit or abuse clients student-interns and/or SLP supervisees (e.g., an in any physical, emotional, psychological, SLP under a mentorship program) shall have the financial, or sexual manner. following unique responsibilities: O. SLPs shall not make false, misleading, or a. Be accountable for the training and exaggerated claims of any therapeutic efficacy, adequate supervision of those assigned whether directly or by implication. However, the to them. SLP must provide a reasonable statement of b. Make sure that student-interns or prognosis. supervisees shall follow the Code of P. SLPs shall serve the clients of colleagues during Ethics. a temporary absence or emergency cases with c. Shall not exploit or abuse student interns the same consideration as that afforded any or supervisees in any physical, client. emotional,psychological, financial, or Q. SLPs shall not misrepresent their credentials or sexual manner. the credentials of student-interns, supervisees, or d. Shall not delegate tasks that require the other professionals to their clients. unique clinical skills, knowledge, and R. SLPs shall inform clients about the need to judgment of an SLP professional to terminate services for whatever reason at the student-interns, supervisee, or any soonest possible time. non-SLP professionals. S. SLPs shall not demand, explicitly or otherwise, e. Shall prohibit student-interns and and/or accept substantial gifts or benefit that supervisees from prescribing and might potentially compromise professional performing therapeutic procedures integrity or objectivity. without his/her expressed knowledge and approval. PRINCIPLE II. DUTY TO THE PROFESSION f. Shall prohibit student-interns or anyone A. An individual shall be conferred with the title without proper training to engage in "speech-language pathologist", "speech professional practice and/or to charge language therapist", "speech pathologist", or professional fees. "speech therapist" only if s/he has obtained a g. Evaluate the performance of bachelor's and/or graduate’s degree in Speech student-interns and supervisees in a fair Pathology from a duly-accredited teaching and considerate manner on the basis of institution. clearly-defined criteria. The results of the B. An individual may perform clinical services only if evaluations must be consequently s/he is a degree holder in Speech Pathology or if shared with them. s/he is a student-intern appropriately supervised F. SLPs shall make reasonable efforts to prevent by a qualified SLP. the unauthorized and unqualified practice of C. No person shall claim to be an SLP or an SLP speech pathology in a proper and discreet student-intern solely through observations or by manner. Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 G. SLPs shall recognize the limits of their and/or communities, esp. as it relates to competence and handle aspects of the communication, speech and language profession only if there is an honest confidence in development, voice, fluency, and one's ability to do so. If it is not possible to gain feeding/swallowing concerns. the needed clinical knowledge and/or skill without D. SLPs shall not participate in activities that undue delay or risk to the client, the SLP should constitute a conflict of interest. Statements made decline to provide the particular service and refer for public education shall reflect accurate the client to another SLP who is competent to information about the nature and management of handle such a case. However, this must not be communication disorders, about the profession, construed to mean that an SLP lacking professional services rendered, and/or research specialized ability shall no longer strive to results. respond reasonably to a request for help. S/he E. SLPs must not advertise professional services or may lso opt to work cooperatively with other any organized events falsely or in a way that SLPs when there is no one with the required would mislead the public. competence immediately available to those requesting the help. PRINCIPLE IV. DUTY TO H. SLPs shall be committed to professional PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUES growth--to update and extend their professional A. SLPs shall strive to maintain harmonious inter- skills and knowledge--through participation in and intraprofessional relationships. seminars, researches, and other continuing B. SLPs shall not accept clients who are presently education activities. undergoing speech therapy with another SLP or I. SLPs must strive to actively contribute to the agency without appropriate communication with growth and advancement of our profession. that agency or colleague and consent of the J. SLPs shall conform to the PASP standards of client. practice and other official C. SLPs shall not solicit the clients of their K. documents. colleagues. L. SLPs shall know, understand, and observe the D. SLPs shall avoid relationships or activities that declarations, and revisions thereof, of this Code may compromise professional judgment and both in letter and in spirit. objectivity. M. SLPs shall take adequate measures to E. SLPs shall not discriminate in their professional discourage, prevent, expose, and correct any relationships on the basis of race or ethnicity, breaches of the Code.M. SLPs who have reason gender, age,religion, sexual orientation, or to believe that the Code of Ethics has been disability. violated has a duty to inform th ePASP F. SLPs shall uphold the dignity and autonomy of Committee on Ethics about the perceived the different professions and treat colleagues violation when all other attempts to address from other professions with courtesy, reasonable these concerns have proven to be unsuccessful. respect, and cooperation. A report or complaint should be made in good G. SLPs shall keep confidential information about faith, without malice or prejudice. colleagues and staff, unless otherwise mandated bylaw. PRINCIPLE III. DUTY TO THE SOCIETY H. SLPs shall exercise independent professional A. SLPs shall identify and describe his/her judgment at all times and apply critical analysis education, training, experience, professional when given directives regardless of the referral affiliations, competence, and nature of service source or the prescription. with integrity. I. SLPs shall respect and represent accurately and B. SLPs shall make referrals solely on the basis of fairly the credentials, views, contributions, and the interest of those being referred and not on findings of colleagues and shall use appropriate any hidden personal agenda. channels to express judgments on these matters. C. SLPs shall recognize the responsibility to promote the well-being of individuals, groups, Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 J. SLPs shall not disparage or discredit the skills, reasonable changes in the agency. In knowledge, services, views, and/or contributions extreme circumstances, the SLP may of their colleagues. need to resign from that employment. K. SLPs must not advertise professional services or e. Should inform the administrator of their any organized events in a way that would malign primary employment setting if s/he is the skills of their colleagues or other accepting cases from the same agency professionals. for his/her private practice. L. SLPs replacing a colleague in providing O. SLPs who employ and/or supervise an SLP staff professional services, for whatever reason it may shall have the following unique responsibilities: be, shall act with consideration for the interest a. Hire and treat an SLP without and reputation of that colleague. discrimination on the basis of sex, age, M. SLPs shall bring concerns regarding the marital status, race, religion, beliefs, professional attitude or action of another SLP to training, experience, disability, the attention of the PASP Committee on Ethics socio-economic status, sexual when attempts to address these concerns prove orientation. to be unsuccessful. b. Make sure that the SLP is made fully N. Employed SLPs shall have the following unique aware of the agency's policies, terms responsibilities: and conditions. a. Honor the contract signed with his/her c. Provide the SLP with equal access to the employer until its expiration or unless the agency's resources. contract has been proven null and void d. Inform the SLP about, or better yet, legally. involve him/her in coming up with, new b. Abide by their employers' policies and and/or modified policies, especially those procedures. However, the SLP reserves that directly concern his/her work. the right to refuse to follow certain e. Provide the SLP with regular feedback policies or procedures set, or to and access to training and professional participate in activities required by the development. center that are deemed to be unethical, f. Provide the SLP with appropriate and unlawful, or detrimental to the client. just compensation. c. Respect the set-ups and limitations of a workplace setting. However,should there SITUATIONS REQUIRING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING be existing or new conditions which are SITUATIONS RELATED TO SLP PRACTICE contrary to the best interest of the client, Therapist interaction with client/family the SLP has a responsibility to seek for CS interaction with interns reasonable changes in those Management interaction with therapists circumstances. Therapist interaction with management d. Should a conflict arise between the Teacher interacting with students SLP's responsibility to his/her employer SLP interaction with the general public and his/her client or between the SLP's employer and the association's professional and ethical standards, the KEY TOPIC ETHICAL QUESTION AREA SLP shall first bring this situation to the attention of his/her employer. However, if Partnerships What factors limit the development of Among all efforts to bring about change through Stakeholders effective and respectful partnerships? appropriate organizational channels do Respect for How can CBR implementers who come not resolve the conflict, SLPs may Culture and from outside a local community avoid consult and enlist the support of Local imposing their own values in a harmful professional colleagues and the Experience way? association to fulfill their commitment to Empowerment Do targeted empowerment efforts result protect client rights and to help promote Speech-Language Pathology Applications SLPLE Review 2024 in disempowerment of others? Can empowerment efforts deflect attention from socio-political barriers? How can a more comprehensive and Accountability inclusive approach to accountability be promoted in CBR programmes? Are CBR programmes sufficiently inclusive? Fairness in How can limited CBR resources be used Program Design most fairly? When could reliance on volunteers become exploitative?