Home Strategies for Carryover and Generalization of CAS PDF

Home Strategies for Carryover and Generalization of CAS Dr. Tala Nazzal PhD in Cognitive Science and Language An-Najah National...

Home Strategies for Carryover and Generalization of CAS Dr. Tala Nazzal PhD in Cognitive Science and Language An-Najah National University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences| Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences| Division of Audiology and Speech Sciences Children with CAS Benefit from Lots of Practice CAS typically involved 60 to 120 trials per session, whereas studies on approaches for phonological disorders typically involved 10 to 30 trials per session. Carryover leads to Generalization The higher the production frequency, the faster the targets will be acquired, with better in-session performance and generalization to untrained probes. The more we practice, the more success the child will experience and the greater the carryover and generalization. Self Esteem A parent’s most important “job” is to love and support their child and increase his/her self-esteem. At no time should home carryover be onerous or painful for the child. Let parents know it is all right merely to model the correct production of the target, ensuring your child is looking at them to excite the mirror neurons. Setting Up the Home For Success Home practice targets are those that are produced with minimal effort Limit the # of targets Help the parent be realistic about what to accept as an accurate target. Teach strategies for appropriate feedback Encourage communication between all team members, so everyone knows the targets.  Blame the Muscles! When a child does not produce the target correctly, blame the muscles, not the child. Gently encourage the child to repeat his/her production to ensure that the child continues to feel good about themselves. Rather than being frustrated, It’s perfectly fine for the child not to respond when given the corrected model! Exciting motor neurons are perfectly acceptable. The parent can come up with a signal that will alert the child that the target word or sound combination was produced in error. Speech Model Use a slower rate of speech to allow for time to process. You can model “please” and “thank you,” but don’t ask for them back! Ask a question and pause before asking the child to respond to allow them to formulate their response. How Many Targets to include in Home Practice The less verbal the child, the less targets –it can be as little as a single target The more verbal the child is, the more targets the child can handle. Each target should be practised three to five times. Speech Models to Avoid! Avoid overemphasis on the final sounds of words to reduce the risk of schwa insertion. Avoid breaking up words unnaturally. Avoid Using Equal Syllable Stress. Include Siblings! Play Simon Says and other Copy Cat games. Your child with CAS can teach his/her older sibling the target words! Play a game to see who can say the word correctly! When the sibling says the word “wrong,” your child can correct his/her sibling. Improves self–esteem, confidence, and self-awareness and editing skills! Don’t Wait to Work on Prosody Model words and extend the duration of vowels on the stressed syllable. Use lots of intonation in your voice- Produce with different pitches, low like a man, high like a woman. Produce with varying intensities Whisper, Loud, Angry, Happy.