The Weather PDF

# The Weather ## Cold Weather - In Northern Europe, daytime temperatures are often quite mild, even in late autumn. - The days are often misty, foggy and damp. - Winter arrives with frost, icy roads and severe weather including heavy snow. - People expect the weather to be bad, they try and keep w...

# The Weather ## Cold Weather - In Northern Europe, daytime temperatures are often quite mild, even in late autumn. - The days are often misty, foggy and damp. - Winter arrives with frost, icy roads and severe weather including heavy snow. - People expect the weather to be bad, they try and keep warm so they don't freeze. - Freezing weather may continue in the far north until May or even June. ## Warm / Hot Weather - In a tropical climate, the weather is often stifling, muggy, and humid. - In other hot climates, there may be boiling hot days and heatwaves may be common. ## Wet Weather - Wet weather scales get stronger from left to right: - Shower - Heavy rain - Pour down - Torrential rain - Flood. - This rain won't last long; it's only a shower. - There was quite heavy rain during the night. - It was absolutely pouring down yesterday. - In Malaysia, there is usually torrential rain most days and the roads sometimes get flooded. - Sometimes there are floods on the roads. - The sky's a bit overcast; I think it's going to rain. - We had a drought last summer. It didn't rain for six weeks. ## Wind - There was a gentle breeze on the beach, just enough to cool us. - There was a very strong/high wind, and my umbrella blew away. - There was a gale that day so we didn't go sailing. - People stayed indoors because there was a hurricane on the way. ## Common Mistakes - The noun "weather" is uncountable. - We say: "We had bad weather that day." ## Describing People: Appearance ### Hair, Face, Skin and Complexion - Straight hair, thin-faced - Long, wavy hair, round-faced - Curly hair, black - Crew-cut, white - Bald, freckles - Beard and moustache, chubby face - Receding hair, wrinkles - Grey, almost white ### Height and Build - Plump, stout, overweight - Stocky, well-built, muscular - Slim, skinny, obese ### General Appearance - Smart, elegant, well-dressed, scruffy, untidy-looking - Stunning, good-looking, unattractive ## Describing People: Personality ### Intellectual Ability - Intelligent, bright, clever, sharp, shrewd - Able, gifted, talented, brainy - Stupid, foolish, simple, silly, brainless, daft, dumb, dim, thick - Cunning, crafty, sly ### Attitudes Towards Life - Pessimistic, optimistic, extroverted, introverted, tense, wound up, stressed up, relaxed, sensible, sensitive ### Attitude Towards Other People - Sociable, gregarious, quarrelsome, argumentative, cruel, sadistic, easy-going, even-tempered, laid-back, impolite, rude, ill-mannered, discourteous, honest, trustworthy, reliable, sincere, jealous, envious ### One Person's Meat is Another Person's Poison - Positive Associations: determined, thrifty, economical, self-assured, confident, unconventional, original, frank, direct, open, broad-minded, enquiring, generous, innocent, ambitious, assertive - Negative Associations: obstinate, stubborn, pig-headed, stingy, mean, tight-fisted, miserly, self-important, arrogant, full of yourself, blunt, abrupt, brusque, curt, unprincipled, permissive, inquisitive, nosy, extravagant, naive, pushy, aggressive, bossy. ## Idioms Describing People ### Positive and Negative Qualities - **Positive:** - She has a heart of gold. (very kind, generous) - He's as good as gold. (helpful, well-behaved; used generally for children) - Her heart's in the right place. (is a good and kind person even though they do not always seem so) - **Negative:** - She's as hard as nails. (no sympathy for others) - He's a nasty piece of work. (unpleasant) - He's such an awkward customer. (difficult person to deal with) - She's a pain in the neck. Nobody likes her. (nuisance, difficult) - He gets on everyone's nerves. (irritates everybody) ### Idioms based on 'head' - to have - your head screwed on (be sensible, informal) - a head for heights (not suffer from vertigo) - a head like a sieve (bad memory) - a good head for figures (be good at maths) - your head in the clouds (unaware of reality) - to be head and shoulders above someone (much better than) - to bury your head in the sand (refuse to think about a difficult situation in the hope you won't have to deal with it) - to keep your head (stay calm in a difficult situation) ## How People Relate to the Social Norm - She's a bit of an odd-ball. (peculiar, strange) - He's really over the top. (very exaggerated in behaviour) - He's (gone) round the bend, if you ask me. (absolutely crazy/mad) - My politics are very middle-of-the-road. (very normal; no radical ideas; neither left- nor right-wing) ## Who's who in the class? - Sam's teacher's pet. (teacher's favourite) - Laura's top of the class. - Harry is a real know-all. (thinks he knows everything) - Ali's a bit of a big-head. (has a high opinion of him/herself) - Anna's a lazy-bones. ## Relationships ### Types of Relationship - **Casual acquaintance** - **Housemates** - **Ex** - **Partners** - **Married** - **Colleagues** - **Parents-in-law** ### Internet Relationships - **Friends** - **Contacts** - **Unfriend/Defriend** ### Liking and Not Liking Someone - **Like** - **Respect** - **Attract/Be attracted to** - **Love** - **Adore** - **Idolising** - **Look up to** - **Fancy** - **Dislike** - **Can't stand** - **Loathe** - **Look down on** - **Despise** - **Leave someone cold** ### Phrases and Idioms for Relationships and Dating - **Get on well (with each other)** - **Don't see eye to eye** - **Fall out with** - **Have an affair with** - **Make it up** - **Dating** - **Seeing each other** - **Got together** ### Common Mistakes - People make friends. (NOT get friends or find friends) - It's often difficult to make new friends when you move to another city. (NOT It's often difficult to get friends...) ## At Home ### Types of Houses / Places People Live In - **Detached house** - **Terraced house** - **Bungalow** - **Semi-detached house** ### Places in the Home - **Master/Main bedroom** - **Utility room** - **Shed** - **Attic/Loft** - **Cellar** - **Basement** - **Studio** - **Landing** - **Hall/Hallway** - **Porch** - **Terrace/Patio** - **Drive** ### Everyday Objects in the Home - **Remote (control)** - **Corkscrew** - **Phone charger** - **Peeler** - **Toilet roll** - **Chopping board** - **(Coat) hanger** - **Ironing board** - **Dustpan and brush** - **Grater** - **Table mat** - **Socket ** ### Common Mistakes - You do housework, do the ironing, do the hoovering, do the washing-up. (NOT make housework) ## Everyday Minor Problems ### Things that go wrong in Houses and Flats - This pipe's leaking. - He kicked the football too hard and it smashed a window. - This pot is cracked. - The batteries in this torch have run out / are dead. I'll have to get some more. - I'm sorry, your cup's chipped. Let me get you another one. - The lights aren't working - there's been a power cut. - The door handle's come off / fallen off. - The washing machine broke down the other day. - I'm sorry, the biscuits were at the bottom of my bag and they got crushed by the potatoes! - My computer keeps crashing today! ### Everyday Minor Injuries - She twisted her ankle coming down the stairs. - I bumped/banged my head against the cupboard door and got a bruise. - Kelly tripped and fell down and grazed her knee this morning. ### Other Everyday Minor Problems - I've mislaid my memory stick. Have you seen it anywhere? - She spilt some coffee on the carpet. I hope it doesn't leave a stain. - The sink is blocked. - I'm afraid I've dented your car. I'm really sorry. I'll pay for the repairs. - My mouse has stopped working; it could be a software problem. - I've locked myself out. Can I use your phone to ring my wife? - The car won't start. I hope it's nothing serious. Perhaps the battery's flat. - The kitchen clock's slow/fast/stopped. What time d'you make it? ## Global Problems ### Disasters/Tradgedies - **Earthquake** - The earth moves/trembles - **Flood** - Too much rain - **Drought** - No rain - **Famine** - No food - **Landslide** - Rocks and earth moving suddenly down a slope - **Volcano** - Hot liquid rock and gases pour from a mountain - **Epidemic** - Disease affecting large numbers of people - **Major accident/indcident** - (E.g. plane crash) - **Hurricane/Tornado/Typhoon (tropical storm)** - Violent wind/storm - **War/Civil war** - Civil war is war between people of the same country. ### Language Help: - **Injure** - used about people - **Damage** - used about things - 200 people were injured. Many buildings were damaged. ### Verbs connected with these words - Erupted, spread, shook, starving, swept, broken out. ### Words for people involved in disasters/tragedies - **Casualties** - Dead and injured people - **Victims** - Those who suffer the results - **Survivors** - People who live through disasters - **Refugees** - People who escaped from their own country because of war or other disasters - **Migrants** - People who travel from one country to another, often in order to find work - **Dead and wounded** - [Wounded: injured in a battle/ by a weapon] ### Diseases/ Epidemics - Rabies, AIDS, Malaria, Cholera, Typhoid ## Education ### Stages in a person's education (UK System) - **Crèche** - Where they mostly play but also do some early learning activities - **Nursery school** - **Primary school** - where children learn the basics of reading, writing, arithmetic, etc. - **Comprehensive school** - **Grammar school ** - To which they gain admission by sitting an exaam. - **Public schools** - Private, fee paying scools. - **Sixth-form college** ### Exams and Qualifications - **Take/do/sit an exam** - **Resit an exam** - **End-of-year exams** - **University entrance exams** - Commonly referred to as 'A Levels' - **Marks** - **Grades** - **Pass** - **Fail** - **Skip classes** ### Technology - **LMS** - Learning Management System - **VLE** - Virtual Learning Environment - **Distance learning** - **Blended learning** - **Monitor** - **Progress** - **Choose courses** - **Modules** - **Submit work** - **Write blogs** - **Access wikis** - **Leave voice messages** ### Talking about education: Common Questions - **School-leaving age** - **Compulsory education** ## Higher Education ### University Studies - **Undergraduate studies** - Studies towards a bachelor's degree / a first university degree. - **Bachelor's degree** - **Modules** - Parts of the university course - **Credits** - **Dissertation** - Long piece of writing - **Graduates** - **Postgraduate studies** - **Master's degree** - **PhD** - Doctor of Philosophy - **Specialise** - **Thesis** - for a PhD ### People, places, and types of classes - **University campus** - **Lecture theatre** (or lecture hall) - **Lecturer** - **Seminar** - **Academic staff** - People who teach - **Tutor** - **Tutoral** - A session where students are taught individually or in small groups - **Halls of residence** - Halls ### Student Services - **Admissions** - **Entry requirements** - **Application** - **Funding** - **Tuition fees** - **Student loan** - **Scholarship`** - **Student Union** - **Student societies** - **Clubs** ## Work ### Jobs in a Workplace - **Director** - **Executive** - **Administrator** - **Skilled worker** - **Unskilled worker** - **Receptionist** - **Public relations officer** - **Union representative** - **Researcher** - **Supervisor** ### Common Mistakes - The best way of getting to work (NOT job) depends on where you live. - Wish me luck in my new job (NOT work). - Job refers to a particular role or position. - Work refers to activities that you do. ### Trades and Professions - **Civil servant** - **Scientist** - **Physiotherapist** - **Firefighter** - **Designer** - **Economist** - **Judge** - **Lecturer** - **Ambassador** - **Banker** - **Carpenter** - **Plumber** ### Collocations of Words Connected with Work - **Get/Find work** - **Do for a living** - **Offered work/ a job** - **Make a living** - **Take on that job** - **Shiftwork** - **Flexi-time** - **Work nine-to-five** - **Go/be on strike** - **Get the sack/be fired** - **Made redundant** - **Laid off** - **Maternity/Paternity leave** - **Take early retirement** - **Be a workaholic** - **Be promoted** - **Apply for a job** ### Hours of Work - **Do shiftwork/to work shifts** - **Be on flexi-time** - **Work nine-to-five** - **Go/be on strike** - **Get the sack/be fired** - **Be made redundant** - **Be laid off** - **Be on/take maternity/paternity leave** - **Take early retirement** - **Be a workaholic** ### Other Useful Expressions - **Be promoted** - **Apply for a job** This markdown document is a summary of the text in the provided image. 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