Formulating Clear Research Problem Statements PDF

Formulating Clear Statement of Research Problem 3IS-WEEK 3 A research problem is a statement of a concern in any area, a problem that needs immediate solution, a recurring difficulty that is necessary to be taken out of the situation, or a practical question from a s...

Formulating Clear Statement of Research Problem 3IS-WEEK 3 A research problem is a statement of a concern in any area, a problem that needs immediate solution, a recurring difficulty that is necessary to be taken out of the situation, or a practical question from a scholarly inquiry in different  What are the things to consider in writing research questions? SPECIFIC. This refers to the quality of being exact or particular. Research problem statement should be able to communicate the specific inquiry or question that needs to be answered. Measurable. This is never an issue in a quantitative method of research. However, in terms of qualitative research method, the measurability of a research statement refers to its epistemological aspect or the state of being objectively observable. More than that, ATTAINABLE. The research questions should be easily answered or achieved when the appropriate Realistic. The possibility of being carried out should always be observed in formulating the research problem especially when there is a need for experimentations Time-Bound. Time is an important element in the research work. The research questions should be narrowed Types of Research Questions 1. Factor Isolating Questions 2. Factor Relating Questions 3. Situation Relating Questions 4. Situation Producing Questions 1. Factor-isolating questions. The major concern of these questions is to: ►categorize, label, or name factors and situations that exist or those that are ►present in the perimeter of EXAMPLES: ► What are the difficulties encountered by Senior High School learners in the New Normal set-up of educational system in the country? What are the possible contribution that parents and the community can extend to schools to overcome the difficulties encountered by Senior High School learners in the New Normal educational system? 2.Factor-relating questions. Establishing relationships between and among factors that have been identified is the purpose of these questions. EXAMPLES: What relationship exists between the socio-economic status of family to the learning ability of students? Is there a significant relationship between the choice of words of learners in 3. Situation-relating questions. These questions emphasize the observable changes that happen to variable/s involved in the study as a result of EXAMPLES: What is the effect of the modular distance learning to the learning style and behavior of learners? What are the impacts of flexible learning options and modalities in the educational 4. Situation-producing questions. These questions open the opportunity to create a definite course of action, policies or conditions in order to accomplish or to achieve a certain goal. EXAMPLES: What project could be designed to empower parents and the community to be involved in the educational system? What action plan could be proposed to strengthen the coordination between the family, the community and the  Identify the following questions as: a. Factor Isolating Questions b. Factor Relating Questions c. Situation Relating Questions d. Situation Producing Questions 1.) What appropriate learning strategy or technique could be used to maintain efficient learning at home? 2.) What is the effect of the changes in the communities due to COVID-19 pandemic? 3.) What is the relationship between the social distancing and flattening the curve? 4.) What are the factors contributing to increased of participation of parents in disaster risk reduction and management? 5.) What is the meaning of the “pandemic” among schoolchildren ages 5-7? 6.) Is there a significant difference between the level of optimism of people in the depressed areas before, during and after pandemic? 7.) What can be the detrimental health effects of wearing facemask 8 hours straight? 8.) What innovative devices/equipment can be developed as alternative protective device to against contagious diseases? 9.) What platform is mostly used by learners and teachers in communication during pandemic? 10.) What are the positive impacts of the pandemic to the health and medical community? RELATED LITERATURE Literature in its conceptual definition refers to a collection of written work with a heightened and artistic use of words may it be fiction or nonfiction. However, in its operational definition in research, this terminology refers to published information in a particular subject area which sometimes covers a certain period of time. Types of resources A. General references - books, monographs, conference manuals, research articles, professional journals and similar documents. B. Primary sources - academic research and university research journals and reputable organizations C. Secondary sources - articles, analyses, essays, newspaper, single or multiple authored textbooks D. Tertiary resources - books based on secondary sources that interprets the work of others.  Characteristics of Materials to be Cited ► Recency. The materials that should be included in the review should be recent as much as possible. For general references, published materials 10 years ago are yet sound and valid. Meanwhile, primary, secondary and tertiary references within the last five years are ideal. Archived materials may also be used as reference for theories and concepts. 2. Objectivity. Since research is academic and scholarly, the materials should be fair, objective and bias-free. It should not favor any extreme and obvious vested interest aside from delivering facts, information, and findings. 3. Relevance. The weight of relevance of the material to the current research undertaking must be checked. Before citing it, it should bear essential information to clarify and deepen the issues and concepts of the research being conducted. Otherwise, the material should not be considered for the review. 4. Conciseness. The materials that the review should have must be sufficient enough, not too few and not too many, to provide the researcher and the readers strong insight about the general and specific problems that the research is trying to address or answer. REMEMBER: The number of related literature that a review should have for a senior high school research is only 4 to 6 local and international publications or materials. However, in higher education, graduate and post-graduate level, the number of literature will range from 15-50.  LEARNING TASK 2 Types of Resources Examples Text 1. General References 2. Primary Sources 3. Secondary Sources 4. Tertiary Sources Organization of the Review of Related Literature How to organize RRL? 1. Chronological This approach in organizing the review puts emphasis on the timeline of development or the year the materials were written. In this case, the intention is to show how changes about the topic occurred from its emergence. This also presents the evolving mindset and thinking of the authors. Mostly, this approach is used in qualitative researches.  Santos (2017) affirms that literature is an efficient springboard towards introducing and teaching language skills among Junior High School learners. Tesoro (2018), meanwhile, found out that a literature based classroom should always consider the context of the learners, the literature, and the context of the teacher. Further, Solano (2019) reported that there is a wider opportunity when the teaching of language skills is embedded in the teaching of literature. 2. By Topic/Concept In this case, if many or several authors have a comparable opinion about the same topic or issue, it is appropriate to use this approach. This manner of organizing the review highlights the interrelationship of concepts which support the development of the current study. This approach is applicable in all methods of research.  It is found out that the use of music in teaching mathematics has a significant effect in the motivation of learners which contributed to their increased numeracy skills (Gonzales, 2016; Fernandez, 2013; Dionisio, 2012). 3. By Author/Writer To build credibility with the claims that the research would like to stand on, presenting different authors even though they have similar ideas is highly advisable. Each point of view of every author is explained and expound to backup the main idea being presented in the review. Each author is cited in the footnote.  Clemente, Julaton, and Orleans (2016) stress that research suggests an action that denotes to look for something again. It is taken from the composition of the word “re” and “search.” Calderon and Gonzales (2014) reiterates that research is a purposive, systematic and scientific process of discovering truth. Thus, it entails systematic gathering of data to formulate findings and judgment THANK YOU FOR LISTENING