300 Review Questions - Chapter 4 (PDF)

1\. The listing of data in order of magnitude (either ascending or descending) is termed a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_. - a\) Array - b\) Distribution - c\) Range - d\) Histogram Answer: a) Array Explanation: An array refers to data that has been arranged in a specific order, either ascending or d...

1\. The listing of data in order of magnitude (either ascending or descending) is termed a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_. - a\) Array - b\) Distribution - c\) Range - d\) Histogram Answer: a) Array Explanation: An array refers to data that has been arranged in a specific order, either ascending or descending. 2\. The charting of a frequency distribution using a \_\_\_\_\_\_ illustrates the extent to which sales ratios are in a normal (bell-shaped) distribution. - a\) Box plot - b\) Line graph - c\) Histogram - d\) Scatter plot Answer: c) Histogram Explanation: A histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution, commonly used to assess whether data follow a normal (bell-shaped) distribution. 3\. Which of the following is not a common measure of dispersion? - a\) Mean - b\) Range - c\) Quartiles - d\) Standard deviation Answer: a) Mean Explanation: The mean is a measure of central tendency, not a measure of dispersion. Dispersion measures include range, quartiles, standard deviation, and more. 4\. \_\_\_\_\_\_ show the distribution of values for two binary or discrete variables. - a\) Scatter diagrams - b\) Cross-tabulations - c\) Box plots - d\) Pie charts Answer: b) Cross-tabulations Explanation: Cross-tabulations display the relationship between two binary or discrete variables, showing the distribution of values. 5\. \_\_\_\_\_\_ show the relationship between two quantitative variables with the dependent variable placed on the vertical axis and the independent variable placed on the horizontal axis. - a\) Histogram - b\) Pie chart - c\) Scatter diagrams - d\) Bar chart Answer: c) Scatter diagrams Explanation: Scatter diagrams are used to show the relationship between two variables, with the dependent variable on the vertical axis and the independent variable on the horizontal axis. 6\. A \_\_\_\_\_\_ can be used to show several variables simultaneously, or the same variable for different strata. - a\) Polygon - b\) Histogram - c\) Bar chart - d\) Box plot Answer: a) Polygon Explanation: A polygon can display several variables at once or the same variable for different groups (strata), often used in statistical analysis. 7\. \_\_\_\_\_\_ compare statistics (usually measures of central tendency) by strata, for example, average sale price by neighborhood. - a\) Contingency tables - b\) Breakdowns - c\) Scatter plots - d\) Cross-tabulations Answer: b) Breakdowns Explanation: Breakdowns are used to compare statistical measures like central tendency by strata or categories such as neighborhoods. 8\. \_\_\_\_\_\_ show the distribution of values for two binary or discrete variables. - a\) Contingency tables - b\) Scatter plots - c\) Frequency distributions - d\) Bar graphs Answer: a) Contingency tables Explanation: Contingency tables show the distribution of values for two binary or discrete variables and are often used in categorical data analysis. 9\. Interpretation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_ as a measure of spread or dispersion depends on the data being \'normally distributed\' (approximating a bell-shaped curve). - a\) Range - b\) Standard deviation - c\) Coefficient of variation - d\) Quartiles Answer: b) Standard deviation Explanation: The standard deviation is best interpreted when the data follow a normal distribution, as it measures the spread of data points around the mean. 10\. The \_\_\_\_\_\_ expresses the standard deviation as a percentage of the mean. - a\) Range - b\) Coefficient of variation - c\) Quartiles - d\) Mean absolute deviation Answer: b) Coefficient of variation Explanation: The coefficient of variation expresses the standard deviation relative to the mean, making it useful for comparing variability between different datasets. 11\. Cases beyond the whiskers in box plots are \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_. - a\) Outliers and extremes - b\) Quartiles and percentiles - c\) Variables and constants - d\) Errors and omissions Answer: a) Outliers and extremes Explanation: In box plots, values that fall beyond the whiskers represent outliers and extreme data points, indicating potential anomalies in the dataset.