Exam 1 Review Questions PDF

**Exam 1 Review Questions** **Variables** 1. What type of variable describes variables that have categories with no quantitative differences? 2. What type of variable describes numerical variables with meaningful quantitative differences? 3. What type of variable is thought to be a re...

**Exam 1 Review Questions** **Variables** 1. What type of variable describes variables that have categories with no quantitative differences? 2. What type of variable describes numerical variables with meaningful quantitative differences? 3. What type of variable is thought to be a result of another variable? 4. What type of variable is the cause of an effect? 5. Examples of this variable type include religion and letter grades. **Descriptive Statistics** 1. What descriptive statistic term refers to the sum of all numbers in a group divided by the number of numbers? 2. What descriptive statistic term refers to the estimate of the average variability (spread) of the data? 3. If I wanted to create a variable in SPSS that was the average of three other variables, what function would I use? 4. How do you get descriptive statistics in SPSS? 5. What is the standard deviation squared? **Graphing** 1. What type of graph is this? 2. What type of graph is this?  3. Where does the dependent variable go on a bar graph? 4. How do you create a bar chart on SPSS? 5. What does the straight line on this graph called? Chart, scatter chart Description automatically generated **Skew & Kurtosis** 1. What is the skewness of this graph?\  2. How would you describe the kurtosis of this graph? 3. What is the skewness and kurtosis of this graph?\ Normal Distributions 4. Calculate skewness for: skewness statistic = 0.65; skewness standard error = 0.25 5. Calculate kurtosis for: kurtosis statistic = 0.85; kurtosis standard error = 0.51 **One Sample *t*-Tests** 1. What mean do you compare to the population mean in a one sample *t*-test? 2. What is the threshold for statistical significance? (*p* value) 3. What significance decision would you make if *p* =.044? 4. A teacher wants to know if their students' scores are different than the population mean (µ = 75). What are the null and alternative hypotheses? 5. How do you run a one sample *t*-test in SPSS? **Miscellaneous** 1. What term describes point 15 in this image?\  2. What phrase describes this special graph?\ Normal distribution. The normal distribution is a... \| by Swapnil Bandgar \| Analytics Vidhya \| Medium 3. What box should you look at in the SPSS output when deciding whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis? (which *p* value should you use?) 4. How would you recode a variable based on age groups in SPSS? (e.g., 18-25 = 1; 26-33 = 2; 34-41 = 3; 42-49 =4; 50 and over = 5) 5. What are the three values do you need to report a one sample *t*-test in APA style? **Exam 1 Review Answers** **Variables** 1. Nominal variables 2. Scale variables 3. Dependent variable 4. Independent variable 5. Categorical variables **Descriptive Statistics** 1. Mean (average) 2. Standard Deviation 3. Recode 4. Analyze \> Descriptive Statistics \> Frequencies 5. Variance **Graphing** 1. Bar graph (bar chart) 2. Scatterplot 3. Y-axis 4. Graphs \> Chart builder \> Double-click bar chart \> drag variable to appropriate axes 5. Line of best fit **Skew & Kurtosis** 1. Positive skew 2. Leptokurtic 3. No skew and mesokurtic 4. 2.60 5. 1.67 **One Sample *t*-Tests** 1. The sample mean 2. *p* \<.05 3. Reject the null hypothesis (it is significant) 4. H~0~ : xbar = 75 ; H~A~ : xbar ≠ 75 5. Analyze \> compare means \> one sample *t*-test \> input test value **Miscellaneous** 1. Outlier 2. Normal curve/normal distribution/bell curve 3. Two-sided *p* 4. Variable view \> values (3 dots) \> enter value and label \> add \> OK 5. *t*, *df*, and *p*