Health And Wellness Level 1 Faculty PDF

HEALTH AND WELLNESS LEVEL 1 FACULTY HEALTH ◦ According to World Health Organization (WHO) health is a: “ STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL, AND SCOIAL WELL-BEING, NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY”. ◦ Health is the actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through...

HEALTH AND WELLNESS LEVEL 1 FACULTY HEALTH ◦ According to World Health Organization (WHO) health is a: “ STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL, AND SCOIAL WELL-BEING, NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY”. ◦ Health is the actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others (Pender, 2015) ◦ Individual perceptions and definitions of health change with age and are affected by a person’s health beliefs. Models of Health and Illness ◦ Models help explain complex concepts or ideas, such as health and illness. Models help you understand the relationships between these concepts and a patient’s attitudes toward health and health behaviors. Your clinical judgment will help you identify which model to use ◦ Health beliefs are a person’s ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness. ◦ Positive health behaviors maintain, attain, or regain health and prevent illness. ◦ Negative health behaviors include practices that are harmful to health, such as smoking, drug or alcohol abuse, risky sexual behaviors, poor diet, and refusing to take necessary medications. HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (HBM) HBM - addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors 3 components: ◦ 1. It involves an individual’s perception of susceptibility to an illness. ◦ 2. Is an individual’s perception of the seriousness of the illness. ◦ 3. is the likelihood that a person will take preventive action. ◦ Use of this model helps you understand factors influencing patients’ perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors to plan care so that you can more effectively help patients maintain or restore health and prevent illness. HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL ◦ HPM defines health as a “positive, dynamic state, not merely the absence of disease” ◦ The HPM describes the multidimensional nature of people as they interact within their environment to pursue health ◦ The model focuses on 3 areas: ◦ 1. Individual characteristics and experiences ◦ 2. behavior specific cognitions and affect ◦ 3. behavioral outcome Health-promoting behaviors result in improved health, enhanced functional ability, and better quality of life at all stages of development Health Belief Model MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS ◦ Nurses use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs. ◦ According to this model, certain human needs are more basic than others, and some needs must be met before other needs. ◦ Self-actualization is the highest expression of one’s individual potential and allows for continual self-discovery. Holistic Health Model The relationships among body, mind, and spirit affect a person’s over all health. ◦ The Holistic Health Model of nursing promotes a patient’s optimal level of health by considering the dynamic interactions among the emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of an individual’s wellness. ◦ The Holistic Health Model supports how our choices powerfully affect our health. ◦ Some of the most widely used holistic interventions include meditation, music therapy, reminiscence, relaxation therapy, therapeutic touch, and guided imagery. Variables Influencing Health & Health Beliefs and Practices ◦ Many variables influence a patient’s health and health beliefs and practices. ◦ INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VARIABLES ◦ INTERNAL VARIABLES ◦ include a person’s developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, and emotional and spiritual factors. ◦ EXTERNAL VARIABLES ◦ Influencing a persons health and beliefs and practices include family practices, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors. And cultural background. ◦ Health beliefs usually influence health behaviors or health practices, which positively or negatively affect a patient’s level of health.  INTERNAL VARIABLES DEVELOPMENT STAGE A person’s perceptions of health, illness, and health behaviors changes over time INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUND Influence how a patient thinks about health. Cognitive abilities also relate to a person’s developmental stage. PERCEPTION OF FUNCTIONING Perceptions of physical functioning affect people’s health beliefs and practices. EMOTIONAL FACTORS A patient’s degree of stress, depression, or fear influences health beliefs and practices. SPIRITUAL FACTORS Spirituality serves as an integrating theme in people’s lives and often provides motivation to participate in health promoting activities.  EXTERNAL VARIABLES FAMILY ROLE AND PRACTICES The roles and organization of a family influence how each family member defines health and illness and values health practices. SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Health is determined by a person’s circumstances and environment. CULTURE a social and community context, influences a patient’s beliefs, values, and customs. Cultural background also influences an individual’s beliefs about causes of illness and remedies or practices to restore health HEALTH PROMOTION, WELLNESS & ILLNESS PREVENTION ◦ Public Health focuses on health promotion, wellness, and illness prevention. ◦ Health promotion helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health. It motivates people to engage in healthy activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition to reach more stable levels of health. ◦ Health education includes providing information on topics such as physical awareness, stress management, and self-responsibility to enable individuals to improve their health. ◦ Illness prevention activities such as immunization programs and blood pressure screenings protect people from actual or potential risks to health. They also help people avoid declines in their level of health or functional ability. THREE LEVELS OF PREVENTION ◦ PRIMARY PREENTION ◦ Is TRUE prevention. It’s goal is to reduce the incidence of disease. ◦ Primary prevention includes health education programs, nutritional programs, and physical fitness activities. It includes all health promotion efforts and wellness education activities that focus on maintaining or improving the general health of individuals, families, and communities ◦ SECONDARY PREVENTION ◦ focuses on preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs. Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention, thereby reducing severity and enabling the patient to return to a normal level of health as early as possible. ◦ TERTIARY PREVENTION ◦ occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration  RISK FACTORS ◦ RISK FACTOR is any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident. ◦ Examples: Impaired gait, reduced vision, and lower extremity weakness ◦ NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS ◦ factors such as age, gender, genetics, and family history cannot be changed. You use your understanding of nonmodifiable risk factors along with your patient’s assessment data and preferences. ◦ MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS ◦ Modifiable behavioral risk factors include smoking, drinking alcohol, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity, and insufficient rest and sleep. These risk factors put people at risk for certain chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease ◦ ENVIRONMENT - The physical environment in which a person works or lives can increase the likelihood that certain illnesses will occur.  RISK FACTOR IDENTIFICATION & CHANGING HEALTH BEHAVIORS ◦ Health risk appraisal forms help identify health threats based on the presence of various risk factors. ◦ Once you identify a patient’s risk factors, you implement appropriate and relevant health education and counseling to help a person change or implement behaviors to maintain or improve health status. ◦ To be most effective, you choose nursing interventions that match the stage of change.  ILLNESS ◦ Illness and disease are different concepts. ◦ Illness - is a state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired. It is a feeling of poor health. ◦ Disease - A medical condition that causes distress for a person in the form of its symptoms  ILLNESS Both acute and chronic diseases have the potential to affect many dimensions of functioning. ◦ Acute Disease - disease is usually reversible and has a short duration. The symptoms appear abruptly, are intense, and subside after a relatively short period. ◦ Chronic Disease - usually lasts more than 6 months, is irreversible, and affects functioning in one or more systems. Patients often fluctuate between maximal functioning and serious health relapses that may be life threatening. ◦ Illness Behavior - People often adopt cognitive, affective, and behavioral reactions to their diseases that are influenced by sociocultural and psychological factors.  ILLNESS Variables Influencing Illness and Illness Behavior ◦ Internal Variables - are a patient’s perceptions of symptoms and the nature of a disease. ◦ External Variables - External variables influencing a patient’s illness behavior include the visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economic variables, accessibility of the healthcare system and social support.  ILLNESS Impact of illness on the patient and family ◦ Behavioral and Emotional changes – Short term, non–life-threatening diseases usually require few changes in the functioning of a patient or family. ◦ Impact on Body Image - Body image is the subjective concept of physical appearance. Some diseases and illnesses result in changes in physical appearance. ◦ Impact on Self-Concept - Self-concept is a mental self-image of all aspects of your personality. Self-concept depends in part on body image and roles but also includes other aspects of psychology and spirituality. ◦ Impact on Family Roles - People have many roles in life, such as wage earner, decision maker, professional, child, sibling, or parent. Role reversal is common when a family member is diagnosed with a disease or becomes ill ◦ Impact on Family Dynamics - the process by which a family functions, makes decisions, gives support to individual members, and copes with everyday changes and challenges. Family dynamics often change because of the effects of diseases and illnesses  CARING FOR YOURSELF ◦To be able to provide competent, quality, and safe care, nurses need to take care of themselves to ensure they remain healthy. THANK YOU