Brucellosis PDF - September 5th, 2022

Brucellosis Undulant Fever, Malta Fever, Mediterranean Fever, Enzootic Abortion, Epizootic Abortion, Contagious Abortion, Bang’s Disease Dr walaa Yousif September 5th, 2022 Overview Organism Epidemiology Transmission...

Brucellosis Undulant Fever, Malta Fever, Mediterranean Fever, Enzootic Abortion, Epizootic Abortion, Contagious Abortion, Bang’s Disease Dr walaa Yousif September 5th, 2022 Overview Organism Epidemiology Transmission Disease in Humans Prevention and Control Actions to Take Brucella spp. Gram negative ccollob.ae aram coccobacillus – Facultative, intracellular organism intracellular Strictly aerobic organism Multiple species – Associated with certain hosts neat slide Environmental persistence – Withstands drying – Temperature, pH, humidity  Etiology Species Animal Host Virulence o Brucella melitensis Goats, sheep, camels ++++ most severe infection Brucella abortus Cows, other bovidae animals +++ and camels Brucella canis Dogs + Brucella suis Pigs Brucella melitensis Sheep, Goat Brucella abortus Cattle , Cows Brucella suis Swine , Pigs  Populations at Risk Occupational disease – Cattle ranchers/dairy farmers – Veterinarians – Abattoir workers – Meat inspectors – Lab workers Hunters Travelers Consumers Unpasteurized milk products Contacts with raw meat / milk ☆ Basically.. _... , Transmission in Humans consuming Ingestion Infected meat unpastey1 – Raw milk, unpasteurized dairy products – Rarely through undercooked meat Mucous membrane or abraded skin contact with infected tissues, animal abortion products, Vaginal discharge, aborted fetuses, placenta. If mucous membrane skin not intact Aerosol infected animal products get in Laboratory, abattoirs Inoculation with vaccines Person-to-person transmission rare  Pathogenesis COW : HSM , LAP TEE  2 spleen Bone marrow liver cones Disease in Humans Incubation period: Variable; 5 days to three months Multisystemic Any organ could be affected Cyclical fever ☆ P Flu-like illness - May wax and wane ↑↓ symptoms Chronic illness possible am  a.ee Symptoms feverlhnenfEtertdeigntlow Constitutional Symptoms tothere failure Fever, fatigue, headache, night sweats, tiredness, weight loss, failure to thrive Gastrointestinal symptoms: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, dysphagia Musculoskeletal symptoms: Joint pain, joint swelling (knee, hip, shoulder, ankle), muscle pain, limited joint range of motion Neurological symptoms: Limb weakness, slurred speech, visual disturbances Respiratory symptoms: Cough, nasal congestion, throat congestion, sore throat d Dermatological symptoms (generalized rash) Asymptomatic Complications of Brucellosis L Most common Arthritis, spondylitis, epididymo orchitis, chronic fatigue Neurological complications ( Meningitis ) Ocular, cardiovascular, C Endocarditis ] Relapse of the disease Congenital Brucellosis Variable symptoms – Premature delivery – Low birth weight – Fever – Failure to thrive – Jaundice – Hepatomegaly – Splenomegaly Abortion risk unclear Diagnosis in Humans Culture → Isolation of organism from Blood, bone marrow, other tissues Serum agglutination test (Brucella agglutination test ) Four-fold or greater rise in titer (Samples 2 weeks apart). Immunofluorescence BaEEI PCR cuneiform PCR Treatment and Prognosis Rarely fatal if treated Case-fatality rate