Cement PDF

2.2 CEMENT Basic Material- I Semester I, B.Voc Interior Design Module 2.2.1 Cement is a versatile material that has been used in construction for thousands of years. It is a binder that, when mixed with water, forms a paste that hardens and binds oth...

2.2 CEMENT Basic Material- I Semester I, B.Voc Interior Design Module 2.2.1 Cement is a versatile material that has been used in construction for thousands of years. It is a binder that, when mixed with water, forms a paste that hardens and binds other materials together. In recent years, cement has also gained popularity in interior design due to its unique aesthetic qualities and the ability to create a variety of decorative and functional elements. Cement is a building material for binding bricks, stones or aggregates. Used for making mortar or concrete. Cements is natural and artificial. Cement is the mixture of calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other substances. Cement is used as a binding material in mortar, concrete, etc.  Manufacturing of cement 1. Mixing of raw material (wet or dry) 2. Burning 3. Grinding Wet process -when raw materials are soft. -Raw materials are mixed and crushed, stored in silos -Crushed materials from different silos are drawn in appropriate proportion in a channel called wet grinding mill. -Mixed with water called slurry. Stored in slurry silo. -Slurry fed in rotary kiln passing through 3 zones-dry zone, burning zone and cooling zone. Grinding- cooled clinkers are ground and gypsum is added. As cement comes out of grinding mill it is collected in hopper for storage in silos. Dry process-available raw material is hard. Mixing of raw materials undergo crushing, drying, reduction in size, mixing in correct proportion.  Types of cement Ordinary Portland cement Rapid hardening cement High alumina cement Blast furnace slag cement Super sulphated cement Low heat cement Air entraining cement Quick setting cement Coloured cement White cement Acid resistance cement Hydrophobic cement  Ordinary Portland cement- The most common type of cement used in construction and interior design. It is a fine powder that is mixed with aggregates (such as sand and gravel) and water to create concrete. Rapid hardening cement-hardens in 1 day. Stronger than OPC, light weight, extra fine. Mainly used in highways, under water structures and in cold weather areas. Coloured cement- Pigments can be added to cement to produce a wide range of colors. This type of cement is used to create decorative elements that match specific design schemes White cement- Similar to Portland cement, but with a white color. It is commonly used for decorative purposes and to achieve a clean, bright appearance.  Uses of cement There are different uses of cement such as to make cement mortar, cement concrete which are used in construction of various types of masonry and concrete structures. Following are the different uses of cement in construction works: To prepare cement mortar To prepare cement concrete To build fire proof and thermal proof structures To build hydro graphic and frost resistant structures To build chemical proof structures As a grout material To construct Cement concrete roads To manufacture precast members For aesthetic concrete construction Cement mortar is like a paste which is prepared by adding certain quantity of water to cement and sand mixture. Cement in this case is denoted as matrix while sand is termed as adulterant. Cement has good binding properties while there are other binding materials are also available, but cement is mostly used because of its high strength and water resisting properties. It is used to create a strong bond between bricks, stones in masonry. Plastering is done by cement mortar which gives smooth finish to the structure. Cement molds of different shapes can be made using cement mortar. It is also used to seal the joints of brickwork and stone work or cracks. Generally, the cement sand ratio in a mortar is in between 1:2 to 1:6. The ratio of cement and sand mix is decided based on the importance of work. Cement concrete is a major building material in the world which is widely using because of its marvellous structural properties. The ingredients of cement concrete are cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water respectively. To with stand against high temperatures and to prevent fire accidents structures should be built with great fire-resistant materials like cement. High alumina cement is more suitable material to make concrete for the structures in high temperature regions. Hydrophobic cement had more resistance against frost actions, so it can be used to build structures in snow regions also. To fill very fine cracks or to fill deep thin cracks micro fine cement is most suitable. Micro fine cement contains very fine particles than the ordinary Portland cement so it can flow into very fine and deep cracks in quick time. Cement concrete roads are more famous as high standard roads which are stronger than all other types of roads. They are also called as rigid pavements because of their rigid nature. C.C roads have long life span even without proper maintenance. Load wise also they are much capable than all other types. Cement concrete pipes are widely used as drains, pipes under culverts etc. Cement concrete brick masonry is more famous because of the size of block, ease of construction and strength etc. Applications in Interior Design: Flooring: Cement can be used to create durable and visually appealing floors. Techniques like polished concrete, stained concrete, or stamped concrete can be employed to achieve various textures, patterns, and finishes. Walls: Cement can be used to create accent walls or feature walls, providing a raw and industrial look to interior spaces. It can be applied as a plaster or used in the form of precast concrete panels. Countertops and Surfaces: Cement countertops have gained popularity due to their unique appearance and customization options. They can be crafted in different shapes, sizes, and finishes to suit specific design requirements. Furniture and Decorative Objects: Cement can be molded into various shapes and forms to create furniture pieces like tables, chairs, lamps, and decorative objects such as vases or planters. Wall Panels and Tiles: Precast concrete panels and tiles can be used to add texture and interest to walls, creating a modern and industrial aesthetic. Techniques and Finishes: Polished Concrete: The surface of the concrete is ground and polished to achieve a smooth and glossy finish. This technique enhances the natural beauty of the aggregate and can be used for floors, countertops, and other surfaces. Stained Concrete: Concrete surfaces can be stained with acid-based or water-based stains to create a range of colors and patterns. This technique is often used to add depth and richness to floors or decorative elements. Textured Finishes: Various techniques like stamping, stenciling, or using textured molds can be applied to create unique patterns, textures, or imprints on the concrete surface. Customization: Cement can be mixed with other materials like glass, fibers, or aggregates to add visual interest and unique characteristics to the final product. It allows for experimentation and customization to achieve specific design goals. Sustainability and Maintenance: Cement is considered an eco-friendly material due to its longevity, durability, and recyclability. It has a low carbon footprint compared to other construction materials. Proper sealing and periodic maintenance are necessary to ensure the longevity of cement surfaces. Sealing helps protect against stains and moisture absorption, while regular cleaning and resealing can maintain the appearance and durability of the cement elements.