21st Century Philippine Literature PDF

L1: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Definition of Literature Significant Human Experiences (S.H.E.) "A man will die but not his ideas" Literature as an ART LITERATURE IS... SHARING: Creative, An art, Science Purpose of Literature Cu...

L1: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Definition of Literature Significant Human Experiences (S.H.E.) "A man will die but not his ideas" Literature as an ART LITERATURE IS... SHARING: Creative, An art, Science Purpose of Literature Cultivates wonders, inspires a generation and feeds information. Provides the ability to connect human relationships, and define what is right and wrong. The foundation of life It mirrors the society and its mannerisms An instrument for revolution. The History of Philippine Literature Pre-Colonial Period Literary pieces were transmitted through the word of mouth. They were either sung, recited, or chanted. Folk narratives (myths, legends, and fables) Folk speeches (proverbs, sayings, and riddles) Folk songs (kundiman or a lullaby) Some Epics existed Spanish Period An important contribution to the development of Philippine literature was the Dominican's introduction of printing. Christiana Doctrina (1593) – The first book printed in the Philippines Metrical tales Pasyon and Cenaculo Comedia/Moro-moro Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar American Period 1900 - President William McKinley directed the Philippine Commission to make English the medium of instruction in all public schools. It allowed Filipinos to be immersed in the language that they were able to write and establish Philippine literature in English. The Sedition law of 1901 affected Filipino writers in advocating Philippine independence against the American colonial rule in the Philippines. This period focuses on love, life, and playwriting. The American occupation gave way to the use of both the Filipino (Tagalog) and the English language in literary productions. College Folio was founded in 1910. Japanese Period The literary development was interrupted by WWII. N.V.M. Gonzalez's Lunsod, Nayon, at Dagat-Dagatan was one considered the best short stories of the period. Haiku and Tanaga were introduced. Humor, being its general mood and tone is contradictory with the horrors experienced by the Filipinos due to the abuses during the Japanese period. The clamor for social change were present after the war as revealed by the novels of Amado V. Hernandez. After this period, comics was also slowly introduced, publishing Tagalog romances in serials. Contemporary Period Revolutionized the form of literature produced over the years. In the twenty-first century, referred to as the period of the technological migrants, the Generation Z, and the millennials, the Filipinos have confronted with a different way of life. Technology OFW literature Gender-sensitive stories Cultural awareness NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR LITERATURE Amado V. Hernandez: Poet, Playwright, novelist, Focused on the struggles of Filipino laborers, Known as "Manunulat ng Manggagawa", Works: Isang Dipang Langit, Luha ng Buwara, Mga Ibong Mandaragit.  Jose Garcia Villa: Known as DOVEGLION and COMMA POET, First contemporary poet, Works: Footnote to Youth, The Anchored Angel, The Emperor's New Sonnet, etc. Nick Joaquin: Known as Quijano de Manila, Exploration of the Philippine colonial past under Spain, Works: The Woman who had Two Navels, Tatarin (Summer Solstice), May Day Eve N.V.M. Gonzalez: Distinctively write of the Filipino life and of the Filipino in the world, He said: "There is no such thing as children's literature.", Works: The Bread of Salt, The Winds of April, The Bamboo dancers F. Sionil Jose: His writings reflects the consistent aspirations of Filipinos: NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY and SOCIAL INJUSTICE, Works: My Brother, My Executioner, The Pretenders, The God Stealer, Waywaya Edith L. Tiempo: Widely known as the Mother of Philippine Literature, Her works are characterized by remarkable fusion of style and substance, of craftsmanship and insight, Works: The little Marmoset, The Black Monkey, Bonsai Virgilio Almario: Also known as Rio Alma, Published 12 books of poetry, His works reflected his often severe examination of the self and the society, Founded LIRA (Linangan sa Imahen, Retorika at Anyo) and Gat (Galian sa Arte at Tula) Alejandro R. Roces: Country's Best Writer of Comic Short Stories, He brought to attention the aesthetics of the country's fiestas, He changed the Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, Works: Fiesta, Of Cocks and Kites, Something to Crow About Dr. Bienvenido Lumbera: Poet, librettist and scholar, He introduced to Tagalog literature what is known as Bagay Poetry, a landmark aesthetic tendency to change vernacular poetic tradition, Works: Likhang Dakila, Sa sariling bayan, Apat na dulang may musika, Agunyas sa Hacienda Luisita Carlos P. Romulo: His career spanned 50 years of pub service, His broadcasts during the Japanese colonization was known as the VOICE OF FREEDOM, The only Asian to win Pulitzer Prize for Journalism for a series of articles predicting the outbreak of WWII. L2: Types of Literary Genres: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World What is a Genre? A genre refers to a category or classification of literary works that share common characteristics, themes, styles, or structures. Genres help readers and writers organize and identify types of literature based on specific conventions. Types of Literary Genre LITERATURE POETRY  ○ Narrative Poetry ○ Ballad - a poem that tells a story through music. ○ Epic - narrating the deeds and adventures of a heroic character. ○ Metrical Tales - These are adventures of questing knights, courtly love and romance. ○ Lyric Poetry ○ Elegy - written to mourn a specific person's loss. ○ Sonnet - 14 line lyric poem (Italian or Shakespearean) ○ Ode - These are adventures of questing knights, courtly love and romance. ○ Folk songs (Awiting bayan) - talks about love, despair, or grief ○ Psalms (Dalit) - a song praising God ○ Awit (Song) - 12 syllables with bandura ○ Corrido (Korido) - 8 syllables; recited to a martial beat PROSE ○ Fiction ○ Short Story ○ Fables ○ Novels ○ Legends ○ Plays ○ Non-Fiction ○ Essay ○ News ○ Autobiography/Biography ○ Oration ○ Anecdotes DRAMA ○ Comedy - happy ending ○ Farce - exaggerated comedy; ridiculed lines ○ Melodrama - sad introduction but with happy ending ○ Tragedy - The ending meets death or ruins without success ○ Social Poems - purely comic of tragic, picture, life of today. Types of 21st Century Literature Genres Chick-Lit A genre of fiction that focuses on the lives, relationships, and personal growth of female protagonists, often with a humorous or lighthearted tone. It commonly explores themes like romance, career challenges, and self-discovery, primarily aimed at a female audience. Digi-Fiction Digi fiction is a literary experience that combines three media; book, movie/video, and Internet website. To get the full story, students must engage in navigation, reading, viewing, in all three formats. Also known as Electronic Literature. Different from E-Books. Manga A style of comic books and graphic novels originating from Japan, characterized by its distinct artistic style, diverse genres, and often serialized format. Manga is typically read from right to left and covers a wide range of themes and audiences. Graphic Novels Extended works of fiction or non-fiction that use the format of a comic book but are longer and more complex. They combine sequential art with text to tell a comprehensive story, often exploring mature themes and detailed plots. Doodle Fiction A genre of children's or young adult literature where the text is interspersed with whimsical or doodle-like illustrations that contribute to the story. The illustrations are often informal and playful, enhancing the narrative with visual humor or commentary. Flash Fiction Extremely short stories, usually under 1,000 words, that aim to deliver a complete narrative or a significant moment in a compact form. Flash fiction focuses on brevity and impact, often using sparse language to convey a powerful story or emotional punch. L3 & L4: Literary Criticism of 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World Literary criticism is the study, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. It involves the practical application of literary theories and methods to particular works of literature in order to better understand their meaning. Literary theory, on the other hand, refers to the underlying principles and ideas that reveal what literature can mean, rather than the meaning of a specific work. All literary interpretation draws on a basis in theory. Some key literary theories and approaches to analyzing 21st century literature from the Philippines and the world include: Moralism/Christian Humanism: This approach examines literature against civil and ethical criteria, judging works based on their moral teachings or ethical principles. It looks at whether the text presents virtuous ideas like honesty, courage, and sensitivity, and how the characters, plot, and setting represent ethical principles. Feminism: This theory focuses on the dynamics between genders in literary texts, analyzing the representation, roles, and power relationships of women. It considers how the text reflects the economic, social, psychological, and political workings of patriarchy. Formalism: Formalist criticism focuses on the structural and technical elements of a literary work, such as its grammar, plot structure, character roles, and syntax. It defines a piece as literature based on these intrinsic characteristics. Marxism: Marxist criticism examines the relationship between economic production, class struggles, and cultural production in literary texts. It seeks to understand how dominant groups exploit subordinate groups and the role of power, politics, and money. Historical Criticism: This approach considers how a work is influenced by the culture, era, and intellectual environment that produced the author and text. It looks at how current events and social/political factors are reflected and interpreted. Reader-Response: Reader-response criticism puts the reader at the center, using personal experiences, values, and beliefs to determine what a text means. It considers how the text relates to the reader and challenges or reinforces their worldview. When analyzing 21st century literature from the Philippines and globally, these diverse critical approaches can provide valuable insights into the themes, characters, symbolism, and social/cultural contexts of the works. L5: An Exploration of Philippine Short Stories in the 21st Century In this informational text, we will delve into the world of Philippine short stories, examining the literary elements, themes, and approaches that characterize 21st-century works from the Philippines and beyond. Our focus will be on the short stories "Dead Stars" by Paz Marquez Benitez and "Turban Legend" by R. Zamora Linmark. Learning Targets: Distinguish the elements of a short story Analyze the short stories "Dead Stars" and "Turban Legend" through various literary contexts Reflect the short stories into real-life situations Interpret the short stories through literary approaches Hypothermia: A condition where the body temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) Loopholes: An ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rules; a means of escape Queues: A line or sequence of people or things awaiting their turn to be attended to or to proceed Turban Legend by R. Zamora Linmark This short story, excerpted from the novel "Leche," tells the tale of Vince De Los Reyes, a Philippines-born man who returns to his home country after spending 13 years in Hawaii. The story explores themes of family, the Filipino diaspora, and the lengths people will go to be with their loved ones. Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez "Dead Stars" is considered the first modern English-language short story published in the Philippines. It delves into the themes of forbidden love, unrequited love, and responsibility, as it follows the story of Alfredo Salazar and his conflicting emotions. Through the analysis of these two captivating short stories, students will develop a deeper understanding of the elements of short fiction, the literary approaches that can be used to interpret them, and the ways in which these stories reflect the experiences and perspectives of 21st-century Philippine literature. L6: 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World The New Yorker in Tondo by Marcelino Agana Jr. BIOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT: MARCELINO AGANA JR. is a Filipino writer known for his famous satirical plays. He won the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature in 1956 as First Place in the One-Act Play Category. WHAT IS A PLAY? Written to be presented by actors Written primarily in dialogue or line Non-spoken material is called stage directions Has a unique organization ELEMENTS OF A PLAY Plot Settings Characters Dialogue Theme Point of View (POV) Symbolisms CHARACTERS: Kikay - daughter of Aling Atang, also known as Francesca in New York Aling Atang - mother of Kikay, also addressed as Mrs. according to Kikay Tony, Nena, and Totoy - Kikay's childhood friends Aling Ising - Kikay's neighbor SETTING: Kikay's house in Tondo, Manila PLOT: Tony visited Kikay after hearing she had returned from New York. Mrs. Mendoza told Tony about Kikay's transformation. Tony was Kikay's sweetheart, and they were secretly engaged before she left. Totoy and Nena, Kikay's childhood friends, arrived and planned to tell Kikay about their own engagement. Kikay entertained her friends but had transformed, wanting to be called "Francesca" due to her acculturation experiences in New York and Tondo. Totoy and Nena tried to reconnect with Kikay by reminiscing about their memories, especially the mango tree in Kikay's backyard. Kikay ignored Tony's attempt to discuss their engagement, degrading him for being a "Tondo boy." Tony confronted Kikay about her behavioral change, leading to a conflict between the friends. In the end, Kikay realized her mistakes, apologized to Tony, and promised to return to her original self. SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT CONFLICT: Man vs. Society, Man vs. Man POINT OF VIEW (POV): Dramatic POV, where the author only shares the action of the scene and not the internal thoughts or emotions of the characters. THEME: It portrays how people often forget their real identity when exposed to a new culture. SYMBOLISM: Mango Tree: Cherished childhood memories, symbolizes love and friendship Francesca: Symbolizes acculturation, changing one's identity LITERARY LENS: Moralist Approach THE FUTURE OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE CHILDREN'S LITERATURE Made a paradigm shift where contemporary stories are no longer didactical Addresses controversial and sensitive issues in the context of the child experience, e.g., bullying, death, illnesses, calamities, sexuality, politics, and child abuse Example writers: Luis Gatmaitan, Eugene Evasco, Rhandee Garlitos, Segio Bumatay III SPECULATIVE FICTION An umbrella term that includes genres like horror, fantasy, science fiction, magical realism, and other non-realist genres The terminology was coined by Dean Francis Alfar, who has written and edited stories under this genre. AVANT-GARDE POETRY Poems that push the boundaries of what is expected as the norm Experiment with form, phrasing, ideas, imagery, and the like Poets: Angelo Suarez, Paolo Manalo, Conchitina Cruz, Arbeen Acuna, and Marc Gabba CONTEMPORARY ESSAY Unrestricted and explores diverse topics such as dysfunctional families, LGBTQ+ issues, terrorism, religion, and/or faith Writers in this generation are willing to voice their opinions about Filipino society through writing.