2.1 Matter PDF

2.1 Matter CHEM10.01 V1 - Aug 2024 by Tatyana Gonzaga What matters most to you? It’s matter. What is Matter? Matter is EVERYWHERE! Anything that has mass and occupies space Can exist in several states ○ Physical forms of matter that can exist ○ Determined by temper...

2.1 Matter CHEM10.01 V1 - Aug 2024 by Tatyana Gonzaga What matters most to you? It’s matter. What is Matter? Matter is EVERYWHERE! Anything that has mass and occupies space Can exist in several states ○ Physical forms of matter that can exist ○ Determined by temperature and pressure States of Matter  Solid States of Matter Gas Liquid SOLID Definite volume, definite shape Closely packed particles Vibration as movement High order LIQUID Definite volume, indefinite shape “Loose” particles Can move freely Less order GAS Indefinite volume and shape Particles are far apart Can move most freely More chaotic Phases of Matter Phase Distinct forms of the states of matter Each phase has uniform properties that separate them from other phases (even if the phases exist in the same state) Water: State vs Phase State = Phase: Solid = Ice Liquid = Water Gas = Vapor State vs Phase: what’s the diff? At any given temperature and pressure, you can identify the state and phase of any matter. State relates to particle distance [S/L/G] Phase relates to different properties within states Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram Properties of Matter PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Properties of Matter (observable characteristics) CHEMICAL PROPERTIES  PHYSICAL vs CHEMICAL Observed without Observed when matter reacts changing matter with another type of matter ○ Color ○ Combustion ○ Temperature ○ Oxidation (ex. Rusting) ○ Mass Can only be observed when Can be observed without undergoing a chemical change undergoing any change PROPERTIES Changes of Matter  PHYSICAL CHANGES Changes of Matter (changes in appearance or composition) CHEMICAL CHANGES  PHYSICAL vs CHEMICAL Change in physical Change in appearance without composition of altering the matter that is composition of different from the matter original composition ○ Ex. Melting ice ○ Ex. Rusting CHANGES Physical Changes between the States of Matter Examples of Chemical Changes Classifications of Matter  ALL MATTER Substances Mixtures Homogenous Heterogenous Elements Compounds Mixture Mixture SUBSTANCES Pure matter Can be an element or compound Substances Elements Compounds SUBSTANCES: ELEMENTS The most basic form of matter Cannot be broken down further into simpler substances Examples: ○ Helium Gas (He) ○ Hydrogen Gas (H2) ○ Oxygen Gas (O2) SUBSTANCES: ELEMENTS SUBSTANCES: ELEMENTS ATOMS ○ Monatomic elements (Elemental) MOLECULES ○ Two or more atoms SUBSTANCES: COMPOUNDS Combination of two or more elements Have fixed ratios of elements Examples: ○ Water (H2O) ○ Carbon dioxide (CO2) ○ Salt (NaCl) ○ Sugar (C6H12O6) SUBSTANCES: COMPOUNDS MIXTURES Any combination of substances Can be homogeneous or heterogeneous Mixtures Homogenous Heterogenous Mixture Mixture HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE Appearance is uniform all throughout Cannot be separated mechanically Examples: ○ Alloys (brass, steel, bronze, etc.) ○ Salt solution NOT A (HOMOGENOUS) MIXTURE? NOT A (HOMOGENOUS) MIXTURE? HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE Components come in different phases Appearance is not consistent Can be mechanically separated Examples: ○ Sand and water mixture ○ Oil and water ○ Chocolate chip cookies Summary Matter exists in different states as solids, liquids, or gases Matter can have different phases in a single state Matter has physical and chemical properties and can undergo physical or chemical changes Matter can be made up of elements or compounds and can be a mixture of these substances  (Clean Earth = Distilled) Water Heterogenous = Compound Mixture Classifying the ‘elements’! Fire = Air = not Matter Heterogenous = Energy Mixture Online References: 1. https://www.chemistrylearner.com/phase-diagram-of-water.html 2. https://www.tf.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/iss/kap_6/illustr/s6_1_2.html 3. https://www.science-sparks.com/what-is-matter/ 4. https://www.thoughtco.com/chemical-change-examples-608334 5. https://edutechspot.com/printable-periodic-tables/ 6. https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/chemical/chemistry-and-seawater/atoms-mole cules-and-compounds 7. https://byjus.com/chemistry/monosaccharides/ 8. https://discover.hubpages.com/entertainment/Ranking-the-Elements-of-Avatar-The-Last-Airben der