Leadership Theories PDF

SloMS Diagnosing a culture Symbols, rituals, stories socialization steps in p...

SloMS Diagnosing a culture Symbols, rituals, stories socialization steps in p t strongculture chpe9Leade.rship Leadership: the influence individual exert on goal achievement of others in org. Strategic leadership: leadership that anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work w/ others to initiate change that crate a viable future. Emergent leadership: No formal status, but leader-like influence Shared leadership: leadership roles and influence are distributed among team members Trait theory of leadership: Leadership depends on the personal qualities of traits of the leader. Traits associated with leadership effectiveness: intelligentce, energy and drive, self-confidence, dominance,motivation to lead, emotional stability, honesty and intergrity, need for achievement, sociability. Narcissism: A trait that combines grandiosity, attention seeking, an unrealistically inflated self-view, lack of regard for others. Motivation to lead: desire to attain leadership roles and to expand effort to fulfill leader role requirements. Limitation of the trait approach: what traits good leader, lead to bias. Leadership categorization theory: ppl are more likely to view someone as leader when they have prototypical characteristics of leadership. Behavior of leaders Consideration and initiating structure Consideration: leader is approachable and show personal concern and respect Initiating: leader concentrates on group goal attainment Leader reward behavior: leader use of compliments, benefits, special treatment. Contingent reward behavior: reward employee for meeting performance goals and expectations. Leader punishment behavior: use of reprimands, unfavorable task, withholding rewards. Situational theories of leadership: leadership style must tailor to demand of task and quality of employee Contigency theory: association btw leadership orientation and grp effectiveness is contingent on how favorable the situation is for exerting influence. Least preferred co-worker: a current or past coworker that a leader have difficult time accomplishing task with. Leader that rate LPC high are relationship oriented, leader rate lpc high are task oriented. Path goal theory: A situational theory of leadership that various leader behavior(directive, supportive, participative, achievement oriented) are most effective. Participative leadership: Involving employees in making decisions.(advantage: motivation and performance, quality, acceptance) (problems: time and energy, loss of power, lack of knowledge) Exchange relationship-based theories of leadership Leader-member exchange theory(LMX): focus on the quality of the relationship that develops btw leader and employee. LMX differentiation: variability in the quality of LMX relationship, treat employees differently. Social exchange theory: individuals treated favorably feel obligated to reciprocate by responding positively. Transactional leadership: based on straightforward exchange in relationship btw leader and follower, leader set goal and provide support Management by exception: leader take corrective action on result of leader-follower transaction. Two forms of it: management by exception-active: monitor behavior and search/correct deviation from norms. Management by exception-passive: correct mistake after it occur. Transformational leadership: new vision that instill true commitment. (Intellectual stimulation, individual consideration, inspirational motivation, charisma:the ability to command strong loyalty from followers) Theories of positive leadership Positive leadership: focus on leader behaviors that increase follower’ confidence and result in positive outcome. Empowering leadership: implementing conditions that enable power to be shared with employees Ethical leadership: demonstration of approriate conduct through personal actions, interpersonal relationships, promotion of conduct. Ethical org climate: shared perception that employees have about ethical policy, procedures, practices Authentic leadership: positive form of leadership that involve Being true to oneself.(self awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, internalized moral perspective. Servant leadership: form of leadership that involve going beyond one’s own self interests and having a genuine concern to serve others and a motivation to lead.(empowering, humility, authenticity, interpersonal acceptance, providing direction, stewardship) Gender and leadrship Laissez-faire leadership: a style that involves the avoidance or absence of leadership Glass ceiling: invisible barrier prevent women from advancing to senior position Role congruity theory: prejudice against women is result of incongruity btw perceived characteristics of women and perceived requirements of leadership roles. Implicit leadership theory: individuals holds a set of beliefs about kinds of attributes, personality characteristics, skills and behaviors that contribute to outstanding leadership. Global leadrship: capabilities required to function effectively in different cultures, cross language, social, economic, political borders. They have(unbridled inquisitiveness, personal character, duality, savvy). Style of leadership and effectiveness