BDO 121/2024 Centenary 6 Human and Career Development Exam PDF

BDO 121/2024 Monday 2 September 2024 Centenary 6 CHAPTER 4 9:30-11:30 Human and career development across the lifespan Admin... Marking of test in progress Test perusal detail - posted on Announcements Wed...

BDO 121/2024 Monday 2 September 2024 Centenary 6 CHAPTER 4 9:30-11:30 Human and career development across the lifespan Admin... Marking of test in progress Test perusal detail - posted on Announcements Wednesday 4 September 2024 Chapter 4 to continue  Chapter 4 - Structure 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Introduction Change Determinants Nature Human New and of Technology development characteristics human across the New World of of human development lifespan Work development (WoW)  Chapter 4 - Structure 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Lifespan Career Domains Career of development transitions and development human and career tasks and development stages and management tasks issues Chapter 4 - Structure 4.9 4.10 Future of Summary and Work in the reflection 2020s and beyond 4.1: INTRODUCTION Human physical development psychological social across the lifespan intellectual and moral domains Age related changes and growth of personality Page 112 and human functioning  4.2. Change, new technologies and WoW... 2020 2024 CHANGE IS CONSISTENT Geopolitical instability...BUT Work place before 2020 SPECULATION! Unpredicted HOW DO YOU PLAN THEN...?? Digitalisation CHANGE COMPLEX computing New WoW and career evolvement Financial markets OPPORTUNITY...!!! 4.2. Change, new technologies and WoW... OPPORTUNITY... 2024 Hybrid form of Influence on manual career development and and job choice automated processes New era Virtual/online/ of flexible/self-managed/ employment entrepreneurial Time to do research... 4.3 Nature of human development Pages 112, Key elements in this section... 114, 121 Human development: Development task Arises in certain period of life - unique to each Definitions - on several pages in Chapter 4 person Age-related growth/maturation/decline in Successful completion - Happiness, success various stages of physical, cognitive, Failure: unhappiness, frustration emotional, social, moral disaproval by society, difficulty in later stages in occupational domains of behaviour Tasks expected to achieved competence at certain stages Growth and readiness Maturity Pages 115, Integration of physical, cognitive, moral, 117, 122 Growth: increase in physical size Readiness: social, psychological, emotional tasks at a Point in development of biological structure individual has level the person is fully functional at every /improvement in mental matured sufficiently stage and psychosocial to benefit from competencies learning Be an adult Independance physical/social Ageing - at different life stages Autonomy, independant decision- making  Information box page 116-117 Page Four main characteristics of human development 116-117 1. Hierarchical evolution of phases Several overlapping and substages emerges from preceding one and ovelapping with the next stage; Evolution to higher phases; Under normal conditions - transitions are orderly, predictable; The transitions are necessary before certain behaviour can be expected; Same for career development: Management positions may be challenging if certain phases were skipped.  Information box page 116-117 Page Four main characteristics of human development 116-117 2. Differentiatiation from general to specific As the brain mature, more effective ways of making decisions emerge; Problem-solving skills develop: concrete to abstract problem solving skills; Able to evaluate, allow diverse thinking, recognise relationships between problems and things find better and mature solutions  Information box page 116-117 Page Four main characteristics of human development 116-117 3. Increased complexity Primitive behaviours change from infant, child....to maturity; Age causes some neurons to transmit impulses faster; This contributes to more complex and intelligent behaviours, complex thoughts, the capacity for association, reasoning, development of language and communication helps to internalise knowledge.  Information box page 116-117 Page Four main characteristics of human development 116-117 4. Predictability Developmental theories with a focus on stages, helps to detemine norms - what to expect at certain stages...; Behaviour can be (to some extent) predictable; Correlation between physical, mental and intellectual traits is predictable. 4.4 Determinants of human development 4.4.1 4.4.2. 3. Heredity Socio-cultural PTO and influences biological influences Human similarity, unique behaviour Environmental learning influenced by genetic inheritance Behaviour acquired through Maturation family, culture, ethnicity Genetic determination Socio-economic Inelligence and talents development Psychological/social Parenting styles, cultural behaviours beliefs. spiritual beliefs Childhood development Norms, values relationships Context of development 4.4 Determinants of human development Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological systems model 4.4.3. Interaction between person and environment  4.4 Determinants of human development Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological systems model: Four levels of systemic enviroment influences: 4.4.3. Interaction between MICROSYSTEM: person and Immediate environment environment People/Organisations - Intimate and frequent contact with MESOSYSTEM: Interaction between the elements of the microsystem Between churches, employers, neighbourhoods EXOSYSTEM: Outside the immediate environment of the individual Workplaces of family; health facilities MACROSYSTEM Cultural, society values, political systems, greater cosmos  4.4 Determinants of human development 4.4.3. Interaction between person and environment Paul B Baltes (German Psychologist) 1939-2006 life-span orientation of human development added three factors that could also influence human development 4.4 Determinants of human development Paul B Baltes added to Bronfenbrenners stages: Normative age-graded influcences: Some extra additions to normal biological and social changes: school, puberty, marriage, the menopausal phase Normative history-graded influcence: Historical events, natural disasters, periods of war and unrest, genocide in countries; COVID-19 Non-normative influences: Events that happen to only some people: First love, job loss, illness, divorce, moving to a new house, some metaphysical cultural, spiritual historic beliefs  4.5 Domains of human development 4.5.1 Physical/biology development Biological process: brain processes, sensory capacities, motor responses , function of respiratory, endocrine circulatory systems Body development/biological processess - develop quite similar/universally in all people...  4.5 Domains of human development 4.5.2 Cognitive development Progressive development of thought and higher mental processes and abilities to obtain process interpret, retrieve and use Table 4.1 take note of information Piaget’s stages and ages of cognitive development in children Emotional Social development Moral  4.5 Domains of human development 4.5.2 Cognitive development Adult thinking in the workplace Progressive stages Aquisition stage (-18 years) Achieving stage (20-30s) Page 124 Stage of responsibility (30-40) Executive Stage (40-50) Reintegration stage (60-65) Stage of legacy creation (65+...)  4.5 Domains of human development 4.5.2 Cognitive development...creates meaning: how people think and feel about others, things and how they behave; Mature - more complex, sophisticated and unique; Moral maturity; perceptions of right and wrong; Ability to judge behaviour, to act and resolve Leading to wisdom: cognitive integration of understanding and action with regards to social-moral and other issues.  4.5 Domains of human development 4.5.2 Cognitive development The development of morality in stages: Young child: right and wrong Older child: creates rules to create their own perception of right and wrong Adult: internalised/personlised set of rules and ethics to judge own and others’ behaviours and Kohlberg’s events Theory 4.5 Domains of human development 4.5.3 Psychosocial development Progressive development of psychological emotional and social behaviours during the lifespan as a result of diverse social interactions Insecure attachments styles may surfaces in workers in the workplace: Ambivalent attachment type: Mixed feelings of acceptance and rejection: Extra demands in relationships Avoidant attachment styles: Fear and rejection in close relationships May avoid commitment in close relationships Disorganised or disoriented attachment type: Secure with one person; insecure with others  4.5.3 Psychosocial development Insecure vs Secure attachment styles Overdependance emotional sensitivity fewer social skills Well-adjusted adults less competence mental health in older years work relationships intimate adult relationships 4.5 Domains of human development 4.5.4 Domain of career/occupational development Textbook: Content of page 128 and 129 (only read this part) 4.5.4.1 Career development theories or approaches Bottom page 129 Focus on: Postmodern/contemporary approaches; Kaleidoscope career model; Career and well-being concepts.  Questions? 4 ter Wednesday 4 September 2024 ap Ch Thuto 3-2, 10:30-11:20 Textbook 4.5.4.1 - end of 4.10