Introduction to Physiology PDF

Introduction to physiology and Body fluid distribution Physiology is the scientific study of function of different parts of body. Cell structures and functions Cells are basic unit of body. They aggregated with supporting extra- cellular matrix to form organs. Cells differ in their functional...

Introduction to physiology and Body fluid distribution Physiology is the scientific study of function of different parts of body. Cell structures and functions Cells are basic unit of body. They aggregated with supporting extra- cellular matrix to form organs. Cells differ in their functional aspect from tissue to tissue Commonality: oxygen reacts with nutrients to produce energy; cells deliver end products of their chemical reaction into the surrounding fluids Please learn cell components and their function. Fluid distribution in body Body fluid calculation: Indicator dilution principle V1C1= V2C2 Blood volume= Plasma volume divided by (1-Hematocrit) Major ion distribution in body Ion distribution  Homeostasis Homeostasis is the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment. Extracellular fluid transport and mixing system- Blood circulatory system 1. Origin of nutrients in ECF (Respiratory system; GI tract; Liver and other organs; Muskuloskeletal system) 2. Removal of metabolic end products (Lungs; GI tract; Liver) Other systems contributing to homeostasis Respiratory system Gastro-intestinal tract Musculoskeletal system Kidney and urinary system Nervous system Hormone system Control systems of the body 1.Genetic control systems 2. Control at organ level A. Negative feedback B. Positive feedback Examples: Regulation of oxygen and CO2 in ECF (nervous and respiratory systems) Regulation of glucose in ECF (liver and pancreas) Control of ions in blood (kidney, GI tract, hormone systems) Positive feedback Pumping function of heart after massive blood loss Blood clotting Important constituents of ECF