Fiqh of Salah PDF

Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬...

Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. 01. The ‫الصالة‬ Glorification of Salah The Night of Al-Isra wal-Mi’raaj Around the 10th year after revelation The Muslims are recovering from the Boycott The year of sadness ○ Abu Taalib dies ○ Khadija dies ○ The incident of Taif Jibreel comes to the Prophet and takes him to Bayt Al-Maqdis He then prays with all the Prophets He then rises to the heavens and goes through each one of them He meets Allah SWT ○ Allah gives him the greatest gift from above seven heavens: As Salah It is a Covenant with Allah ُ ‫أ َ َبا قَت َا َدة َ بْنَ ِر ْبعِي ٍّ أ َ ْخ َب َرهُ قَا َل قَا َل َر‬ ِ ‫سو ُل ه‬ ‫َّللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم‬ ُ‫ع ْهدًا أَنهه‬ َ ‫ع ِهدْتُ ِع ْندِي‬ َ ‫ت َو‬ ٍّ ‫صلَ َوا‬ َ ‫س‬ َ ‫علَى أ ُ همتِ َك خ َْم‬ َ ُ‫ضت‬ ْ ‫َّللاُ تَعَالَى ِإنِي فَ َر‬ ‫" قَا َل ه‬ ُ‫ع ْه َد لَه‬ َ َ‫علَ ْي ِه هن فَال‬ َ ‫ظ‬ْ ‫علَ ْي ِه هن ِل َو ْق ِت ِه هن أَ ْدخ َْلتُهُ ْال َجنهةَ َو َم ْن لَ ْم يُ َحا ِف‬ ُ ‫َم ْن َجا َء يُ َحا ِف‬ َ ‫ظ‬. " ‫ِع ْندِي‬ Narrated Abu Qatadah ibn Rib'iyy: Allah , the Exalted said: I made five times' prayers obligatory on your people, and I took a guarantee that if anyone observes them regularly at their times, I shall admit him to Paradise; if anyone does not offer them regularly, there is no such guarantee of Mine for him. The Excellence of Salah 1. It's the main pillar of Islam. 2. It's the foremost obligation after the declaration of faith. 3. It was given to the Prophet directly by Allah without any intermediaries. 4. It was given to the Prophet on the greatest night he ever experienced. 5. It was given over to the Muslims at the highest point possible that any human can ever reach. 6. It was obligated initially as fifty prayers, and then later only as five prayers with the reward of fifty remaining. 7. It is the only daily continual act of worship we have. 8. It is the best of actions. 9. It is the first thing that the servant of Allah will be judged upon on the Day of Judgment. 10. It was the only obligation from the five pillars to be obligated in Makkah upon the Muslims at the very beginning of Islām. The Excellence of Salah 11. It has been given its own public call each time: the Adhān. 12. It is the defining characteristic of the Muslim. 13. It’s a deterrent from indecency and wickidness 14. It expiates our sins. 15. It was the last testament given to us by the Prophet before he passed away. The Benefits of Salah - Individual It is an opportunity to escape stress and difficulty or to seek help as the Prophet would often do and as Allah tells us to do: 2:45 ْ َ ‫يرة ٌ ِإ هَّل‬ ٤٥ َ‫علَى ٱل َخ ٰـ ِشعِين‬ َ ‫صلَ ٰوةِ ۚ َو ِإنه َها لَ َك ِب‬ ‫َوٱ ْست َ ِعينُوا ِبٱل ه‬ ‫صب ِْر َوٱل ه‬ And seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, it is a burden except for the humble— It keeps one protected from evil and shameful situations: 29:45 ْ َ ‫ٱّللُ يَ ْعلَ ُم َما ت‬ ٤٥ َ‫صنَعُون‬ ‫ع ِن ْٱلفَحْ شَا ِء َو ْٱل ُمن َك ِر ۚ َولَ ِذ ْك ُر ه‬ ‫ٱّللِ أ َ ْكبَ ُر َو ه‬ َ ‫صلَ ٰوة َ ت َ ْن َه ٰى‬ ‫صلَ ٰوة َ ۚ إِ هن ٱل ه‬ ِ ‫ى إِلَيْكَ ِمنَ ْٱل ِكت َ ٰـ‬ ‫ب َوأَقِ ِم ٱل ه‬ ِ ُ ‫ٱتْ ُل َما أ‬ َ ‫وح‬ Recite what has been revealed to you of the Book and establish prayer. Indeed, ˹genuine˺ prayer should deter ˹one˺ from indecency and wickedness. The remembrance of Allah is ˹an˺ even greater ˹deterrent˺. And Allah ˹fully˺ knows what you ˹all˺ do. The Benefits of Salah - Communal It helps to preserve the 'aqidah (creed) of the community It increases love and care between the Muslims What are some other communal benefits? 02. The Fiqh of ‫الصالة‬ Salah Where are we in our Fiqh journey? 1) Acts of worship Purification Prayer Zakah Sawm Hajj Jihad 3) Family Law 2) Transactions and 4) Criminal Law and Contracts Judicial Procedure Main Text: Akhsar al-Muktasarat Muhammad bin Badr al-Din bin 'Abd al-Haqq bin Balban al-Hanbali, Born in 1006 AH/1597 CE in the Şalihiyyah region of Damascus. He was known for his knowledge of hadith and fiqh, including mastery of the four schools, his acts of worship, and his abstinence. He passed away in 1083 AH/1672 CE Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Adhaan and Iqama 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Description of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. The pillars and obligations 4. Burying the deceased 5. The prostration of forgetfulness 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. Voluntary prayers 7. Congregational prayer 8. Prayer of the sick 9. Shortening the prayer 10. Combining the prayer 11. The Fear prayer 12. Friday Prayer 13. Eid prayer 14. Eclipse prayer 15. Rain prayer Questions?  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer 01. The Ruling ‫الصالة‬ of the Prayer Definition Linguistically ○ ‫الدعاء‬ ○ Supplication/ Calling Technically ○ ‫ مفتتحة بالتكبير ومختتمة بالتسليم‬،‫أَقوال وأَفعال مخصوصة‬ ○ Specific sayings and actions that begin with saying “Allahu Akbrar” and finish with saying “As- salamu Alaykom” Ruling of the Prayer The five prayers are obligatory on every 1. Muslim Prayer not obligatory on the Disbeliever and Apostate 2. Mukallaf: Pubescent (wet dream, 15 years, pubic hair, menstruation, pregnancy) Sane Woman on nifas or hayd does not pray Prayer done by an insane person not valid ○ He has no niyyah Prayer done by a child who is not mumayyaz is not valid ○ Ghayr Mumayyaz: someone who does not understand intention, worship, nor realize their meanings ○ Child becomes mumayyaz at age 7 in Hanbali madhab even if he/she has not reached puberty If a child has become mumayyaz but has not reached puberty, then they still do not have to pray but is valid if they do. It will be considered nafl Ruling of the Prayer His guardian must order the child to pray at age 7 and hit the child at 10 if he/she does not pray ○ If the child has not reached puberty, the guardian is still commanded to do this. So even though a non-pubescent child will not be sinning by abandoning the prayer, the guardian must still command him/her to pray It’s haram to delay prayer until time of necessity (reference to Asr and Isha prayers) unless: 1. He has an excuse to combine prayer due to travel or being sick for example But he must make the intention in the earlier prayer, otherwise, the first prayer would be considered qadha Ex: a traveler during dhuhr time intends that he will combine with asr. Then asr comes in, he is allowed to delay it until the end of asr time in this case Praying during time of necessity without an excuse is valid but sinful 2. If he/she is busy trying to fulfill one of the conditions of salah in a short time. Ex: he is sewing a shirt to cover his awrah, waiting for water for wudu, etc. The Person who Leaves the Prayer One who does not believe that the salah is wajib becomes kafir immediately ○ Consensus One who abandons the salah completely out of laziness, he will become kafir with conditions ○ Imam or some leader should invite him to come pray in an Islamic country If he refuses and one prayer ends and the second one begins and then that one ends, then he is kafir. He will then be imprisoned for 3 days and scholars will be sent to him to tell him to pray. If he still refuses, then he will be killed. One who prays sometimes (every Friday, once a day, once every few days, etc.), this person is a Muslim but committing a major sin Missed Prayers Prayers that were missed in the past must be made up and tawbah alone will not suffice ○ Though it is possible Allah has forgiven this person but we are following the ruling of this world 02. The Adhaan ‫الصالة‬ and Iqama Definition The Adhaan Linguistically: ○ ‫اإلعالم‬ ○ Announcment Technically: ○ The call for the entry of the time of prayer or its proximity for fajr only The Iqaama Linguistically comes from the word ‫أقام‬ Technically: ○ ‫إعالم بالقيام إلى الصالة بقول مخصوص‬ ○ The specific call to stand and start the prayer Ruling of Adhaan and Iqaama They are fardh kifayah on 1. Men 2. Resident Travelers are not required but recommended to do them both when traveling among themselves 3. Free Slaves not required to do it but valid if they do 4. Five prayers and Jumu’ah It is wajib to do it for these It is not wajib for qadha prayers Conditions The adhaan and iqama are valid only with following conditions 1. Order of the wording 2. Continuity 3. Intention of doing the adhan or iqama 4. From a male A female does not do adhaan or iqamah ever even when she is with other women and no male is present If they want to do jam’ah, they just do it without adhaan and iqamah Even if done by a mumayyiz Someone who is at least 7 years of age Conditions 5. Should be done after the time for the prayer enters Except Fajr It has two adhaans ○ One before time comes To remind people to pray tahajjud or eat sahoor Done in the middle of the night ○ One after time comes in Conditions of the Muadhin ○ Done by one who is 1. upright 2. Avoids major sins 3. Does not insist on minor sins 4. Respects culture (urf) of his area if it does not contradict with sharia Even if he only appears that way from the outside ○ Because we do not know how he is in private. We do not instigate. ○ Usually a ruler will make this decision. Sunnah’s Have a beautiful and loud voice Trustworthy ○ Also righteous Know the times of the prayers ○ How to determine the times based on the sun If a person is joining prayers or making up a group of prayers, the sunnah is to do adhaan for the first prayer only and iqama only for the rest Sunnah’s Repeat the words of the adhaan by both the caller and the listener ○ Low voice for both Exceptions Come to Salah, Come to Success ○ Say la hawla wala quwwata illa billa Prayer is better than sleep ○ Say sadaqta wa barirta ○ In iqama after qad qaamat salah say Aqamaha Allahu wa Adamaha Allahu Say salah upon the prophet after it Read any dua after it that has been narrated Make dua in general, any dua More Rulings Adhaan is better in reward than iqama and leading the prayer ○ Hanbalis dislike responsibility because then you are more accountable for it before Allah This is why it is disliked to have multiple wives in the madhab ○ Iqama is just part of the adhaan Hence, it is recommended in the madhab to say the adhan in the right ear for a newborn baby and iqama in the left. Whether boy or girl It is haram to exit the mosque after the adhaan and before the salah without an excuse or leaving with an intention to return ○ Excuses that allow a person to not go for jam’ah or jumu’ah ○ Intention should be to return to any jam’ah in the same mosque not a different one ○ Front yard of the masjid and it’s courtyard are considered part of the masjid Even its parking area that is walled or fenced in Types of Wajibaat (Obligations) Types of wajibaat related to time ○ Muwassa’ (vast) - more flexible Ex: not praying as soon as the time for salah comes in Allowed ○ Mudhayyaq (Restricted) - a worship that must be done in a particular time and no alternative is accepted Ex: delaying a fast of Ramadan to some other month, when last few minutes of the current prayer are left where you only have time to finish the current prayer, etc. Not allowed Questions?  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. The Five prayers are obligatory on every 1._________ and 2.__________ 2. What is the ruling for the one who denies the obligation of Salah? 3. What is the ruling of the Adhan? 4. Who is it obligatory for? (5) 5. What is the ruling of leaving the masjid after the adhan has been called? 03. Conditions ‫الصالة‬ for the validity of the prayer ‫ شروط الصالة‬- Conditions of Salah Conditions (shurut) are just like pillars (arkaan/furoodh). The have the same ruling as abandoning a pillar(Rukun) Abandoning it makes the action void. With the following differences: 1. Pillars take place inside of the action while conditions take place outside of it 2. Pillars do not continue while conditions continue in acts of worship from its beginning to end The Conditions for the Validity of Salah 1. Having Ritual Purity (Taharah) 2. The time of salah enters 3. Covering the ’Awra 4. Avoiding inexcusable filth on the body, clothes, and place of prayer 5. Facing the Qiblah 6. Intention The Conditions for the Validity of Salah 1. Having Ritual Purity (Taharah) 2. The time of salah enters 2. Time of Salah Enters – Times of Salah 1. Dhuhr: when the sun slightly moves from the highest point in the sky (zawal) towards the West ○ The shadow begins to form towards the opposite side (East) 2. Asr: when the shadow of an object is equal to itself plus the shadow of zawal ○ Ex: if a pen is 50 cm and the shadow during zawal was 10 cm, then Asr begins when shadow is 50 + 10 = 60 cm ○ Time of choice: ends when the shadow is twice the size of an object Time of necessity begins ○ Time of necessity: ends at sunset Not allowed to purposely delay to pray it at this time 2. Time of Salah Enters – Times of Salah 3. Maghrib: begins at sunset and ends when the redness in the horizon disappears ○ The redness is the sun’s light leftover after the sun sets 4. Isha: begins when the redness in the horizon disappears ○ Time of choice: ends at end of first 1/3rd of the night Time of necessity begins ○ Time of necessity: ends at the second fajr Not allowed to purposely delay to pray it at this time 5. Fajr: begins at second/real fajr and ends at sunrise ○ Second fajr begins with a horizontal light appearing in the horizon, also called real fajr. The vertical light before it is called first fajr, also as fake fajr, and is not the correct time for the salah. 2. Time of Salah Enters We are not obligated to pray immediately after the time comes in ○ Recommended Delay Isha Delay Dhuhr during hot days Pray Maghrib early as possible The Asr prayer is the Wusta prayer Recommended to delay the prayer if a person does not know all of the wajibaat of salah. He should try best to learn before time for prayer ends. If he cannot, then he does whatever he can ○ For Asr and Isha such a person can delay even until almost the end of time of necessity 2. Time of Salah Enters – Times of Salah If he catches takbeer-e-tahrima in the time of the salah, he is considered to have caught the prayer on time ○ Ex: a person wakes up from sleep during the last moments of Asr, so he makes wudu and says takbeer-e-tahrima and then right then the time for Maghrib comes in, he is considered to have caught the prayer ○ But this is haram to do without an excuse, thus, a sin Generally, the prayer has three times and a person is free to choose in which he wants to pray: early, middle, end Meaning the person should not purposely delay the prayer until all he has left is to catch just the takbir-e-tahrima 2. Time of Salah Enters – Times of Salah A person cannot start the prayer until ○ He is certain that the time has entered. Meaning he strives to find out if the time has come in or not Ex: he actually sees the sun set for Maghrib or sees the sun incline for Dhuhr or sees the shadow of each object be equal to itself for Asr, etc. If his certainty is not at level of yaqeen (100%), then ghalbat zann (70-80%) is sufficient If he prayed with anything lower than ghalbat zann, it will not be counted and he must pray again even if he prayed within it’s time. ○ Lower grades of certainty: Zann (51-69%), Wahm (less than 50%), Jahl (0%). Shakk is also 50% ○ If he did his best to try to determine the prayer time and prayed, and then later realized that it had not yet come in, then he has to repeat the prayer If he made a mistake and realized that he had actually prayed after the prayer’s time had ended, then he does not have to repeat but it would be considered a qadha prayer in this case 2. Time of Salah Enters – Times of Salah One who hits age of puberty before time for the current prayer exits, he must pray the current prayer and the one before it if it is a joinable prayer (i.e. duhr with asr and maghrib with isha) ○ Before time exits means if he is able to catch takbeer-e-tahrima ○ Same with a woman on menses who becomes clean during a joinable prayer ○ Same when an insane person becomes sane ○ There are athaar from Ibn Abbas and Abdur Rahman bin Awf on combining joinable prayers if the previous one was missed for some reason The missed prayers must be made up immediately before praying the current prayer and in order unless 1. It is harmful for him Ex: he has to work and does not have time and could lose his job 2. He forgets 3. He fears missing the current prayer or missing the time of choice for asr or isha The Conditions for the Validity of Salah 1. Having Ritual Purity (Taharah) 2. The time of salah enters 3. Covering the ’Awra 3. Covering the ‘Awrah It must be covered even outside of the prayer ○ Even if you are alone in a dark room (whether in prayer or not) If the clothes describe the color of the skin (ex: it’s transparent), then it invalidates the salah but if describes size/shape alone, it can be makrooh Three types of ’Awrah 1. Man, young free adolescent girl who has not reached puberty (teen), slavegirl Between the navel and the knees 2. Child from 7 - 10 years of age The two private parts only 3. Free woman who has reached age of puberty All her body is to be covered except her face in salah (mu’tamad) Some allowed hands to be revealed as well Niqab is wajib among Hanbalis in front of non-mahram men 3. Covering the ‘Awrah If someone’s awrah has been exposed during the salah for a long period of time, then it invalidates the prayer and he/she must repeat it ○ If severe awrah, then even a short amount of time will invalidate it Severe means: private part or breast or large amount of awrah based on urf ○ Even if done by mistake ○ Long period determined by urf If he prayed with najasa on his clothes, place, or body or he prayed with a usurped cloth or place, then he must repeat because it was not counted ○ If a person was taken as a prisoner and forced to pray in such conditions, then he can pray and does not need to repeat the prayer Ex: prison has najasa in the cells or place where he is being held is stolen property  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. What is a Shart? 2. How many conditions for the validity of the prayer? 3. What are the first 3? 4. When does the time of duhr begin? 5. Which two prayers have a time of necessity? 6. If a person says takbeerat al Ihram and the time for the next prayer enters, did he pray his prayer on time? 7. Do missed prayers have to be prayed in order? 8. How many types of awrah are there? 9. Do you have to repeat your prayer if your awrah is exposed during prayer? 03. Conditions ‫الصالة‬ for the validity of the prayer The Conditions for the Validity of Salah 1. Having Ritual Purity (Taharah) 2. The time of salah enters 3. Covering the ’Awra 4. Avoiding inexcusable filth on the body, clothes, and place of prayer 4. Avoiding Inexcusable Filth Provided you have the ability to abstain ○ No harm if it is not in your control Speaking about types of najasa that cannot be overlooked ○ Meaning of hadith where Jibraeel asked Prophet (pbuh) to remove his shoes during salah because they had najasa on them There is a difference between forgetting and not knowing. If it’s the latter case, it does not invalidate the prayer, whereas, the former will because you had knowledge of it beforehand. The Prophet (pbuh) didn’t know he had najasa on his shoes. Types that can be overlooked 1. Traces of najas due to istijmaar alone are overlooked 2. Small amount of blood from a pure animal (includes human) in the place of prayer according to your opinion, small amount of menstrual blood or nifas on a woman’s clothes, etc. are overlooked 4. Avoiding Inexcusable Filth If someone used something najis to fix a broken bone, stitch a wound, etc., and it is harmful to remove it and it is not covered by his flesh, then he does tayammum in addition to wudu ○ Because najasa inside of our bodies are overlooked ○ If he is able to remove it without harm, then he must ○ He can do tayammum before or after the wudu but better to do after 4. Avoiding Inexcusable Filth Prayer is not valid if it is done in following locations without an excuse 1. Graveyard Three graves or more Not because it is an impure place but because the Prophet (pbuh) forbade it 2. Bathroom / toilet 3. Place where people take showers 4. Place where the camels sleep and eat 5. Slaughterhouse 6. Place where trash is collected 7. Middle of the road 1. Sidewalks are ok 8. The roofs of the above places also not allowed The Conditions for the Validity of Salah 1. Having Ritual Purity (Taharah) 2. The time of salah enters 3. Covering the ’Awra 4. Avoiding inexcusable filth on the body, clothes, and place of prayer 5. Facing the Qiblah 5. Facing the Qiblah Unless 1. Fear or unable Ex: cannot move due to sickness, tied up in a direction away from the qiblah, prisoner who does not know where the qiblah is, etc. 2. One who is on a permissible travel and he wants to pray a voluntary prayer It is not permissible for a resident to do this Once he arrives at his destination, he can no longer do this ○ This is only done while on the road Not allowed if traveling for a haram reason If a resident wants to pray a sunnah while sitting in a car, it is fine provided: ○ He must start off facing the qiblah and then if the car moves to a different direction then it is ok 5. Facing the Qiblah If you can see the ka’ba, then direct yourself directly towards it otherwise just face the general direction of it If you do not know where it is, accepting one Muslim’s opinion who is upright suffices ○ Provided he is certain about it ○ Or if you see a mihrab of the Muslims, then you just pray towards its direction It is assumed that upright Muslims are praying towards it like in a mosque 5. Facing the Qiblah If traveling ○ Exert effort to find the qiblah via signs For one who has knowledge to be able to determine this Compass use is also ok ○ Or blindly follow one who has this knowledge and can determine it via signs You can also ask a non-Muslim for the general direction if he knows it Ex: “Excuse me, do you know where East is?” If a person prays without exerting effort or without blindly following a person who can determine the qiblah via signs even though the person had the ability to do either of these two things, then the prayer is invalid and needs to be repeated ○ Even if the direction turned out to be the correct one ○ He is considered negligent The Conditions for the Validity of Salah 1. Having Ritual Purity (Taharah) 2. The time of salah enters 3. Covering the ’Awra 4. Avoiding inexcusable filth on the body, clothes, and place of prayer 5. Facing the Qiblah 6. Intention 6. Intention Must assign a specific intention ○ “I intend to pray Asr as an imam (or follower)” Does not have to intend Fardh because it is already understood to be that. The same for other four prayers as well. If he does not specify the specific prayer in his intention, then it is considered a general nafl prayer ○ You can say it loud enough so only you can hear it and doing it only with the heart is also allowed It is recommended to do it loud enough so only you can hear it Hanafis and Malikis allow this as well Niyyah should be completed before takbeer-e-ihraam ○ It is ok to have it moments before as well but should not be a long gap of time, otherwise, it is invalid 6. Intention Niyyah specific for an imam or follower should be done respectively You cannot change the niyyah after starting the prayer ○ Ex: if follower then you cannot have others join ○ But you can change fardh to nafl but not the opposite A follower can leave the jam’ah due to an excuse and pray on own ○ This is an exception, hence, if done without an excuse then his prayer is invalid ○ Ex: the imam is doing long surahs in a fardh prayer and the follower has things to do 6. Intention If imam’s prayer becomes invalid, then so does the follower’s ○ Because they are both connected. The imam’s prayer is the asl and if it invalidates then so do the others’ There is another narration from Imam Ahmad in which he viewed that it would not invalidate the followers’ prayers and they would just complete it as individuals ○ Ex: if imam breaks wudu during salah, then followers’ prayer breaks as well If imam changes his intention from imam to follower or individual, it invalidates his prayer and the followers’ ○ If a follower changes his intention to an individual due to a need (as mentioned above), it is ok ○ If imam has one follower and the follower leaves during salah, then it invalidates the imam’s prayer because he has no followers though he had intended to lead as an imam The Conditions for the Validity of Salah 1. Having Ritual Purity (Taharah) 2. The time of salah enters 3. Covering the ’Awra 4. Avoiding inexcusable filth on the body, clothes, and place of prayer 5. Facing the Qiblah 6. Intention Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Questions?  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. How many conditions for the validity of the prayer? 2. What are the 6 conditions? 3. If a person unknowingly prays with a najasah, is his prayer valid? 4. In which places are we not allowed to pray? 5. In what two situations is the condition of facing the qiblah excused? 6. Can you ask a non-muslim for the direction of the qiblah? 7. Can you make your niyyah after takbeerat al Ihram 8. Can you change your intention after takbeerat al Ihram 04. Description ‫الصالة‬ of the Prayer Sunnah’s before the prayer Finish wudu at home and then go to the masjid He walks to the masjid in a calm and dignified manner Read dua for going to the masjid ‫ َواجْ عَـ ْل ِم ْن‬،‫ َو ِم ْن أَمامـي نورا‬،‫ َواجْ عَـ ْل ِم ْن َخ ْلفي نورا‬،‫ َواجْ عَـ ْل في بَصَري نورا‬،‫س ْمعي نورا‬ َ ‫ َواجْ عَـ ْل في‬،‫ َوفي ِلسـاني نورا‬، ‫اللّ ُهـ َّم اجْ عَـ ْل في قَ ْلبـي نورا‬ ‫اللّ ُهـ َّم أَع ِْطنـي نورا‬. ‫ َو ِمن تَحْ تـي نورا‬، ‫فَ ْوقـي نورا‬ O Allah, place within my heart light, and upon my tongue light, and within my ears light, and within my eyes light, and place behind me light and in front of me light and above me light and beneath me light. O Allah, bestow upon me light. When entering the masjid: َ ‫صالة ُ َوالسهال ُم َعلى َرسو ِل هللا] الل ُهـ هم ا ْفت َـ ْح لي أَب‬ ‫ْواب َرحْ َمتـِك‬ ‫بِس ِْـم هللا َوال ه‬ In the Name of Allah, and blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, open before me the doors of Your mercy. You stand for the prayer when it is said in iqama, “qad qamatis salah” ○ But if the imam is not there then no. The imam should be there Start of the Prayer He says “Allahu Akbar” to begin the prayer and he must be standing in the fardh prayer ○ Saying takbeeatul-ihraam is a rukn and standing in fardh is a rukn ○ This must be said when he is fully standing ○ Only the words Allahu Akbar accepted and nothing else There should also be no gap between the two words otherwise it is invalid ○ In the sunnah prayers, it is not required to stand Your hands should be raised up to the shoulders ○ Your fingertips should be parallel to your shoulders ○ Saying the takbeer should be with the movement starting with Allah Recommended All movements and takbeeraat should be done simultaneously and not before or after the movement  You hold your left wrist with your right hand and place it below the navel ○ Disliked to put on the chest in the madhhab ○ Same for women Person should look at the place of his sujood ○ During tashahhud he looks at his raised finger He should start with the dua of istiftaah, “Subhankallahuma…” ○ Sunnah َ َ‫س ْب َحانَكَ الله ُه هم َوبِ َح ْمدِكَ َوتَب‬ َ‫اركَ ا ْس ُمكَ َوتَعَالَى َج ُّدكَ َوَّلَ إِلَهَ َغي ُْرك‬ ُ ‘Glorious You are O Allah, and with Your praise, and blessed is Your Name, and exalted is Your majesty, and none has the right to be worshipped but You.  Then seek refuge from Shaytan ○ In any form of wording that seeks refuge from him ○ Sunnah Then say the Basmalah quietly (not part of al-fatiha) ○ Sunnah Then recite Surah Fatiha ○ This is a rukn ○ It must be said in order and without gaps ○ It has 11 tashdeeds. Not reciting them means you are skipping letters, thus, invalidating the prayer You say ameen out loud in the loud prayers ○ Both the imam and followers do it ○ Imam should also shortly pause before saying Ameen so it is clear that it is not part of Fatiha ○ Women do not say anything out loud unless no men  Sunnah to do Fajr, Jumu’ah, Eid, Kusuf, Istisqa, Maghrib and Isha out loud ○ It is not disliked to not do them out loud ○ It is disliked for the follower to recite behind the imam in the loud prayers Because he is ordered to listen In the madhab the follower doesn’t need to recite faitha ○ When praying a loud prayer alone, it is up to him whether to recite out loud or not ○ Same with one who joined the prayer late behind the imam in a loud prayer  What to recite in which prayer ○ Al-Mufassal: From Qaf to Naas Fajr: the long chapters (Qaf to Al-Mursalat) Maghrib: the short chapters (Duha to Naas) Rest: the medium chapters (Naba’ to Al-Layl) Duha not included Meaning Dhuhr, Asr, and Isha  He will go into ruku by saying takbeer and raise his hands ○ He will put his hands on his knees and separate his fingers Sunnah ○ He will straighten his back Sunnah ○ He says : ‫ي العَظيم‬ َ ِ‫سُبحانَ َرب‬ Far removed from every imperfection is my Rabb (Lord), the Great. [3 times] The least of perfection is three times One time is fardh The imam should say it 10 times max This is highest of perfection for the imam A person praying alone can say it any amount of time he wants. The more the better  Then he raises his head and hands and says: Allaah hears the one who praises Him. ُ‫س ِم َع هللاُ ِل َم ْن َح ِم َده‬ َ ○ An individual must say it as well but the follower should not say it Follower only says: O our Rabb (Lord)! All the praise is due to You. ‫َربهنَا ولكَ ال َحمد‬ He should not say anything more Recommended to add other adhkaars mentioned in texts for imam or individual only Sunnah ○ You have a choice whether to place the hands back below the navel or let them be on the side  Then he says takbeer and prostrates on seven parts ○ Knees first then hands Sunnah ○ Do not raise your hands before going into sujood ○ Seven parts: forehead, two hands, two knees, two feet Fardh Feet: if outer part of feet on the ground, it suffices though sunnah is to do on tips of toes If forehead alone without nose, it suffices but sunnah to do nose as well Doing nose alone without forehead does not suffice ○ Prostrating with bare knees without covering is disliked ○ The forehead and hands should not be covered It is disliked unless one has an excuse ○ Sunnah to separate his arms from his sides and his belly from his thighs He should not exaggerate in separating the arms from the sides  ○ Sunnah to separate the two knees and feet ○ He should say: "Far removed is my Rabb, the Most High, from any Imperfection" (3 times) ‫ي األ ْعلَى‬ َ ‫رب‬ ِ َ‫سب َحان‬ ُ Least of perfection is three times One time is fardh Then he raises with takbeer and sits in iftiraash position ○ He puts his hands on his thighs and not his knees, and does not separate his fingers ○ He says three times O my Rabb! Forgive me. ‫َر ِبي اغ ِفر ِلي‬ This is perfection for both imam and others In kusoof prayer it can be longer since every position is longer in it Applies to all other places of the prayer as well in kusoof prayer Meaning perfection is not restricted to three times in kusoof prayer Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Questions?  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. What are some sunnahs before the beginning of the prayer? 2. What is the first thing that is done to begin the salah? 3. Where should the person be looking during salah? 4. Do we say the isti’adha every rakah? 5. Does the follower have to say the fatiha when the imam recites it loud? 6. Which prayers are we supposed to read out loud? 7. What are the seven body parts that must touch the floor in sujud? 04. Description ‫الصالة‬ of the Prayer  Then he does second prostration same way as before The he gets up while saying takbeer relying on his knees and not on the ground ○ If it is difficult for him, then he can rely on the ground Then he prays the second unit same way but without 1. Niyyah 2. Takbeerat al-Ihram 3. Du’a Istiftaah 4. Isti’adha  Then he sits in the iftiraash position for first tashahhud ○ The first tashahhud is wajib ○ Hands should be placed on the thighs ○ Raise your right index finger every time you say the word Allah Do not move it but just point with it and put it back down ○ The left hand remains on the thigh straightened and closed ○ He says the tashahhud It is sunnah to do it silently Then he gets up again with takbeer without raising his hands At-Tashahhud (first part) ِ ‫ي َو َر ْح َمةُ ه‬ ُ‫َّللا َوبَ َر َكاتُه‬ ُّ ‫علَي َْك أَيُّ َها النه ِب‬ َ ‫سالَ ُم‬ ‫صلَ َواتُ َو ه‬ ‫الط ِيبَاتُ ال ه‬ ِ ‫الت ه ِحيهاتُ ِ ه‬ ‫ّلل َوال ه‬ ‫صا ِل ِحينَ أَ ْش َه ُد أَ ْن َّلَ ِإلَهَ ِإَّله ه‬ ‫َّللاُ َوأَ ْش َه ُد أَ هن ُم َح همدًا‬ َ ‫علَ ْينَا َو‬ ِ ‫علَى ِعبَا ِد ه‬ ‫َّللا ال ه‬ َ ‫سالَ ُم‬ ‫ال ه‬ ُ‫سولُه‬ ُ ‫ع ْب ُدهُ َو َر‬ َ “All the greeting/salutations are for Allah and all the prayers and all the good things (are for Allah). Peace be on you, O Prophet, and Allah’s mercy and blessings (are on you). And peace be on us and on the good (pious) worshipers of Allah. I testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and messenger.”  Then prays the rest of his prayer similarly but quietly and restricts himself to Fatiha only If last rak’ah after first tashahhud, then he sits in tawarruk position ○ If only two rak’ah prayer, then you only do iftiraash Then say the Salawaat on the Prophet (pbuh) ○ Minimum he must say Allahumma Salli Alaa Muhammad This much rukn The rest of the salawaat is Sunnah Then seek refuge from the four ○ Sunnah ○ Here can say any du’a related to the afterlife but not this world because it will invalidate the prayer and considered unrelated speech It must be in Arabic Same for Sunnah prayers At-Tashahhud (Second part) َ ‫علَى آ ِل ِإب َْرا ِه‬ ‫يم ِإنه َك َح ِمي ٌد‬ َ ‫علَى ِإب َْرا ِه‬ َ ‫يم َو‬ َ ‫صلهي‬ َ ‫ْت‬ َ ‫علَى آ ِل ُم َح هم ٍّد َك َما‬ َ ‫علَى ُم َح هم ٍّد َو‬ َ ‫الله ُه هم‬ َ ‫ص ِل‬ َ ‫علَى آ ِل ِإب َْرا ِه‬ ‫يم ِإنه َك‬ َ ‫علَى ِإب َْرا ِه‬ َ ‫يم َو‬ َ ‫ار ْك‬ َ ‫ت‬ َ َ‫علَى آ ِل ُم َح هم ٍّد َك َما ب‬ َ ‫علَى ُم َح هم ٍّد َو‬ ِ َ‫ الله ُه هم ب‬.‫َم ِجي ٌد‬ َ ‫ار ْك‬ ‫َح ِمي ٌد َم ِجي ٌد‬ “O Allaah! Praise Muhammad, and on the family of Muhammad, as You Praised Ibraaheem, and the family of Ibraaheem; You are indeed Worthy of Praise, Full of Glory. And send blessings on Muhammad, and on the family of Muhammad, as you sent blessings on Ibraaheem, and the family of Ibraaheem; You are indeed Worthy of Praise, Full of Glory.” Du’a after at-tashahhud ‫عوذُ بِ َك ِم ْن فِتْنَ ِة ْال َم ْحيَا‬ ُ َ‫عوذُ بِ َك ِم ْن فِتْنَ ِة ْال َم ِسيحِ ال هد هجا ِل َوأ‬ ُ َ‫ب ْالقَب ِْر َوأ‬ِ ‫ع َذا‬ ُ َ‫الله ُه هم ِإنِي أ‬ َ ‫عوذُ بِ َك ِم ْن‬ ‫عوذُ بِ َك ِم ْن ْال َمأْثَ ِم َو ْال َم ْغ َر ِم‬ ُ َ‫ت الله ُه هم ِإنِي أ‬ِ ‫َوفِتْنَ ِة ْال َم َما‬ O Allaah! I seek refuge with You from the Punishment of the grave and from the Fitnah (trail or affliction) of Ad-Dajjaal [pseudo Messiah], and from the Fitnah of life and Fitnah of death. O Allaah! I seek refuge with You from the sins and from being in debt.  Then he ends the prayer with taslim ○ Saying it twice is rukn Must be said in order Should not add wa barakatuhu Should not stretch it It must be in Ma’rifa form and not Nakirah ○ If follower, then must wait until imam finishes both tasleems ○ Moving the head to the right and left during tasleem is sunnah Woman prays just like a man except ○ She gathers her limbs together and does not leave spaces Referring to between her arms and sides and her thighs and stomach ○ She sits cross-legged or like tawarruk but she spreads both legs to the right instead of one The latter is better because it resembles that of the man’s Disliked in Salah 1. Moving the head left or right without need ○ If done a lot, then it will invalidate the prayer ○ Need: maybe a sickness, something fearful, etc. 2. To sit between the feet (iq’aa) 3. Placing forearms and elbows on the ground while in sujood 4. Playing around with sand, hands, clothes, etc. 5. Putting both hands on his waist 6. Cracking the fingers 7. Entwining or interlocking the fingers 8. Someone who needs to urinate or defecate ○ Because you cannot concentrate 9. Someone who is craving food, drink, or intercourse ○ Even if he is not hungry but maybe craving a certain type of food Important Points If something erroneous happens in the prayer by the imam ○ Man: says SubhanAllah ○ Woman: she claps with the front of one of her hands to the back of the other If he finds some spit or snot in place of prayer, he should remove it ○ This is wajib ○ Use a tissue ○ It is haram to spit inside the masjid but allowed outside of it but to the left or under your feet if not in salah If in prayer, then in a tissue or in your clothes It is disliked to spit in front of you or to your right outside of the masjid if not in salah If praying outside the masjid, then you can spit to your left but not under your feet because it is a masjid for you in that time  The imam should not face the qibla for a long time after the prayer ○ It is disliked ○ He should turn to the followers After prayer ○ Say the three tasbeehs together So the person will say SubhanAllah, Alhamdulillah, Allahu Akbar altogether 33 times If he moves onto another phase or position of the prayer, he should not go back even if he skipped a sunnah ○ It is disliked Ex: in first rak’ah he skips ta’wwuz and begins with basmala, then realizes and goes back to ta’wwuz This is when he moves from a sunnah action of the prayer to a previous sunnah action ○ If he moves back to a sunnah from a rukn (pillar), it will invalidate the prayer Ex: he starts to recite Fatiha but then goes back to istiftaah, ta’wwuz or basmala, etc Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Questions?  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. What is the difference between iftirash and tawarruk position? 2. When is tawarruk done? 3. Is the prayer of the women the same as the men’s? 4. What are the 4 things we seek protection from at the end of the prayer? 5. Can we make dua after the final tashahhud? 6. What are some the things that are disliked in salah? 05. Arkaan & ‫الصالة‬ Wajibaat of the Prayer Arkaan aka Pillars (14) 1. Qiyam (Standing) 2. Saying Takbeerat al-Ihraam 3. Fatiha ○ The imam’s recitation of it suffices for the followers even in silent prayers But recommended for follower to recite in silent prayers behind imam This is why if a person catches the ruku’, he catches the rak’ah as well despite not having recited Fatiha 4. Doing Ruku’ 5. Going up from Ruku’ and being straight 6. Doing Sujood 7. Going up from Sujood and being straight 8. Sitting between the two prostrations 9. Staying still after every action of the salah ○ Till all joints come to rest 10.Last tashahhud 11.Sitting for the last tashahhud 12.Salah on the Prophet (pbuh) ○ Difference if this is part of tashahhud or not 13.Both tasleems 14.Sequence of the prayer Wajibaat aka Obligations (8) 1. All of the Takbeers other than the Takbeerat al-Ihraam ○ Exception: if he is catching the prayer late then the takbeerat al-Ihram is what he will say and the next one will be sunnah to catch the position of the imam 2. Saying Sami’Allahu Liman Hamidah ○ The follower does not say it 3. Saying Rabbna Walakal Hamd ○ Imam, follower, and one praying alone say it 4. Saying Subahana Rabbiyal ‘Azeem once in Ruku’ 5. Saying Subhana Rabbiyal 'Alaa once in Sujood 6. Saying Rabighfirli once between the two prostrations 7. The first tashahhud 8. The sitting during the first tashahhud ○ If imam forgets and skips, then the follower just follows Important Points Whatever is not listed under the arkaan, shurut and wajibaat are considered sunnah Rukn and shurut cannot be dropped even out of forgetfulness or ignorance ○ Wajibaat can be overlooked due to forgetfulness or ignorance and made up via sujud sahw If someone wants to yawn during prayer, he should suppress it. If he cannot, then he covers his mouth Communicating in any way during prayer invalidates the prayer ○ Even by gestures Sutrah is recommended for both imam and individual praying alone ○ Preferred that it be wide as well ○ Imam’s sutrah is the followers’ as well So the latter do not need one Small movements are ok as long as not a lot according to urf 06. The ‫الصالة‬ Prostration of Forgetfulness When is it done? It is allowed in the following situations: 1. Increase in salah 2. Decrease in salah 3. Doubt in salah It is not allowed if an increase or decrease is done on purpose Rulings (Wajib/Sunnah/Mubah) Wajib ○ If left out one of the wajibaats of prayer due to forgetfulness or ignorance If done on purpose, it will invalidate the prayer ○ If added or left out a rukn out of forgetfulness or ignorance Prayer invalid if done on purpose If done out of forgetfulness, then must return back to it and end with sujud sahw ○ Someone who has doubts in his salah Ex: he does not remember what rak’ah he is on Sunnah ○ If a particular dhikr of salah said in the wrong place out of forgetfulness Ex: recited Fatiha in tashahhud If done on purpose, it does not invalidate the prayer  Permissible ○ If you leave out a sunnah due to forgetfulness If left on purpose, then you cannot do sujud sahw Doing so will invalidate the prayer because you added an action without justification  If waswasa, then just ignore it and pray. No need to do sujud sahw ○ Same in other aspects of fiqh as well Ex: a woman has istihadha so she is always doubting her tahara. She should just make wudu and pray and not worry about anything If you have a doubt but you determine via signs that it is most likely a particular rak’ah ○ Follow the determiners and do not do sujud sahw How is it done? Recommended to do it before the taslim in all cases but allowed after it as well but must repeat the tashahhud in that case ○ Exception: it is recommended to do it after if ended the prayer before completing it (see next point) Because this case has been narrated from the Prophet (pbuh) that he did it after tasleem If he ended the prayer before its completion then recommended to do sujud sahw after taslim ○ Ex: prayed two rak’ah instead of four or left out a rukn and realized after completion In this case, he completes the missed part of the prayer, does taslim, then does sujud sahw, then does tashahhud again and then ends the prayer ○ If done on purpose, it will invalidate the prayer ○ If done out of forgetfulness If a short amount of time passes according to urf of community, then he completes the prayer plus sujud sahw in manner discussed above. If a long time passes by according to urf of community, then he must redo the prayer without sujud sahw If someone breaks wudu in the short amount of time or if someone laughs during this short amount of time, it is as if he did so in the prayer ○ It will invalidate the prayer and he must repeat the whole prayer What invalidates the prayer? The following invalidates the prayer if done without need and at least two harfs uttered (based on personal urf). Must be two different sounds not just one ○ Blows out air from mouth ○ One who weeps without fear of Allah ○ Someone who clears his throat  If someone leaves a rukn (other than tahrima), then remembers it ○ If you remember in the second rak’ah Ex: if someone remembers in the second rak’ah that he left ruku in the previous rak’ah Your second rak’ah becomes first Requires sujud sahw at the end before taslim ○ If you remember in the same rak’ah Ex: you realize in sujud that you missed ruku You immediately go back to the missed rukn and continue from there Requires sujud sahw at th eend before taslim ○ If you remember after taslim If short gap of time, then just repeat the one rak’ah Requires sujud sahw. Better to do sujud sahw after taslim in this case  If you add an extra rak’ah and then remember, then go immediately to tashahhud and end the prayer with sujud sahw before the taslim Every movement to correct a particular aspect of the prayer requires one to say the takbeer as well If he gets up without doing the first tashahhud forgetfully (all below cases require sujud sahw) ○ If you are on the way and realize mid-movement, you must go back otherwise prayer invalid ○ If you stood up straight, then it is disliked to go back but permissible ○ If you start reciting Fatiha, then it is haram to go back and invalidates the prayer But if done out of ignorance or forgetfulness, then it will not invalidate it ○ Follower should just follow his imam in all above cases Even if imam skips first tashahhud and gets up But you do not follow him into an extra rak’ah. Just wait for him to return  If you doubt anything, you go by what you are certain about ○ Whether it comes to a rukn or number of rak’ahs If rukn, you assume no If number of rak’ahs, you go by the lower number Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Questions?  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. What is the difference between Rukun and Wajib? 2. How many Arkaan are there for Salah? 3. How many Waajibaat are there for Salah? 4. When is Sujud as Sahu prescribed? 5. Can you do sujud Sahu if you forget or add on purpose? 6. What are the three possible rulings for sujud Sahu? 7. What things invalidate the prayer? 8. When is sajdat as sahu done? 07. Voluntary ‫الصالة‬ Prayers  Highly recommended voluntary prayers (listed in level of importance) 1. Kusoof Sunnah to do it in jam’ah 2. Istisqaa’ 3. Taraweeh Prophet did it but did not invite people to do it A type of Qiyaam ul Layl 4. Witr Sunnah Prophet prayed it mostly individually He did not usually pray it in jama’ah  Basis for the preference among voluntary prayers ○ Those that are done in congregation are given preference over those done in private ○ Among those done in congregation, the ones that the Prophet (pbuh) persisted in are given preference over those which he did sometimes and left sometimes Witr Prayer It’s time: after performing Isha until Fajr ○ Travelers: same even if they combine Isha at Maghrib Least amount: 1 rak’ah Max amount: 11 rak’ahs. Done two by two then end with 1 rak’ah of witr Least of perfection: 3 rak’ahs ○ You have two options With two tasleems This is better Do all three with one tashahhud and tasleem at the end Qunut Supplication Sunnah in last rak’ah of witr Recommended to do after Ruku’ Read the narrated qunut du’a ○ Generally any du’a is ok whether narrated or not Just should not be about the dunya alone End with Salawaat on Prophet (pbuh) If imam leading, he says this dua out loud ○ Followers should say Ameen ○ Imam should use the first person plural pronoun during the du’a Recommended to wipe your face after it (first opinion) ○ This is recommended after any du’a in which hands are raised whether in or outside of prayer ○ There are several hadiths narrated about it that strengthen when you combine them and is established from the actions of the companions  ‫ْت ِإنه َك‬ َ َ‫ َو ِق ِني ش هَر َما ق‬،‫ت‬ َ ‫ضي‬ َ ‫ار ْك لي ِفي َما أ َ ْع‬ َ ‫ط ْي‬ َ ‫ َوت َ َوله ِني ِفي َم ْن ت َ َولهي‬،‫ْت‬ ِ ‫ َو َب‬،‫ْت‬ َ ‫عا ِف ِني ِفي َم ْن‬ َ ‫عافَي‬ َ ‫الله ُه هم ا ْه ِد ِني ِفي َم ْن َه َدي‬ َ ‫ْت َو‬ ‫اك ِم ْن‬ َ ‫ض‬َ ‫ اَلله ُه هم إِنها نَعُوذُ بِ ِر‬،‫ْت‬ َ ‫ار ْك‬ َ ‫ت َربهنَا َوتَعَالَي‬ َ َ‫ تَب‬،‫ْت‬ َ ‫ إِنههُ ََّل يَ ِذ ُّل َم ْن َوالَي‬،‫علَي َْك‬ َ ‫ َو ََّل يَ ِع ُّز َم ْن‬،‫ْت‬ َ ‫عا َدي‬ َ ‫ضى‬ ِ ‫ت َ ْق‬ َ ‫ضي َو ََّل يُ ْق‬ ‫علَى نَ ْف ِس َك‬ َ ‫ت َك َما أَثْنَي‬ َ ‫ْت‬ َ ‫علَي َْك أ َ ْن‬ ِ ‫ َوبِ َك ِم ْن َك ََّل نُ ْح‬،‫عقُوبَتِ َك‬ َ ‫صي ثَنَا ٌء‬ ُ ‫ َوبِعَ ْف ِو َك ِم ْن‬،‫س ْخ ِط َك‬ ُ ("O Allah, guide me among those You have guided, grant me security among those You have granted security, take me into Your charge among those You have taken into Your charge, bless me in what You have given, guard me from the evil of what You have decreed, for You do decree, and nothing is decreed for You. None is abased whom you befriend. And none is exalted whom you are at enmity with. Blessed and Exalted are You, our Lord. O Allah, I seek refuge in Your pleasure from Your wrath, and I seek refuge in Your forgiveness from Your punishment, and I seek refuge in You from You. We cannot enumerate Your praise, You are as You have praised Yourself"). Taraweeh It is 20 rak’ahs in Ramadan ○ It is not less than 20 but can be more than 20 ○ If come in late, the person must still do 20 to consider it taraweeh, otherwise, it is just general qiyaam al-layl Sunnah to do it in congregation ○ Witr as well ○ It’s time: After the sunnah of Isha and before witr If you start taraweeh before the sunnah of Isha, you cannot pray the sunnah of Isha now. It is considered missed Sunnah Raatibah They are ten and not twelve according to Hanbalis ○ Dhuhr: two before and after ○ Maghrib: two after ○ Isha: two after ○ Fajr: two before Most emphasized Making them up ○ Can make them up if not a long gap of time (1 week) has passed except sunnah of fajr which can be made up anytime even after a year Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Questions?  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. What are the most recommended voluntary prayers? 2. What is the least number of Rakaat for witr? 3. What is the most? 4. What is the least number of Rakaat for taraweeh? 5. What is the most? 6. How many are the Rawaatib sunnahs? 07. Voluntary ‫الصالة‬ Prayers (cont.) Night Voluntary Prayer The night voluntary prayer is highly recommended ○ The night voluntary prayers are better than the day voluntary prayers ○ Any form of night voluntary prayer falls into this: general nafl, taraweeh, witr, tahajjud, etc.) Sujud Tilaawah (Recommended) It is in 14 places of the Qur’an Recommended for both the reciter and listener ○ One who is listening not hearing ○ Listener only does it for one who can be his/her imam Ex: man does not do it if a woman is reciting or if you hear it on TV Wudu is required because it is considered a form of prayer  How it is done ○ Say takbir, do sajdah, say takbir to come back up and sit. End with taslim. If in salah, then do taslim at end of prayer Must say subhana rabbiyal ‘alaa at least once Then can say narrated du’as as well but are not required Disliked for imam to do it in a silent prayer and do sujud for it ○ The followers do not follow him if he does It’s haram to follow because you do not know why he is doing it. He could be doing something out of ignorance or forgetfulness Also because follower neither listened or recited the verse of recitation Sujud Ash-Shukr It is recommended to do sujud al-shukr when you have a new blessing or you were protected from harm ○ If done inside a prayer, it will invalidate it unless he is ignorant or did it out of forgetfulness ○ It is done like sujud of recitation So it requires wudu as well Must say subhana rabbiyal ‘alaa at least once ○ Considered a form of prayer as well Prohibited Times to Pray Prohibited times to pray are five. Two long times and three short ones ○ Long (related to the prayer) 1. From second Fajr until sunrise Only sunnah of Fajr and its fardh allowed ○ If the sunnah is missed, then it can only be made up after sunrise Second opinion: from fajr prayer until sunrise 2. From praying Asr until sunset ○ Short (related to the sun) 3. From the start of the rising of the sun until it is up in the sky a spear’s height Distance between the horizon and the sun be a spear’s height ○ About 15 min or so after sunrise Varies according to location 4. When the sun is in the middle of the sky and has no shadow until zawal (3mins) 5. When the sun starts to set until it is completely set (Maghrib time) (5-10 mins) Exceptions for Praying in Prohibited Times It is prohibited to pray any form of nafl prayer during prohibited times but following are exceptions 1. Making up a missed fardh prayer 2. Two rak’ahs of tawaf 3. Making up the two sunnahs of fajr 1. Due to hadith of companion who made them up after praying fardh of fajr 4. Janaza prayer after start of fajr and prayer of asr But cannot in the short times You can if you feel the corpse might be harmed if the burial is not hastened Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. What is the ruling on the night prayer? 2. How many prostrations of tilawah are in the Quran? 3. Should an Imam recite a verse of tilawah in a silent prayer? 4. When should prostration of Shukr be done? 5. Can it be performed in Salah? 6. What are the 5 times it is prohibited to pray in? 7. Are there any exceptions? 07. The ‫الصالة‬ Congregational Prayer Is the Congregational prayer Obligatory? There are four Opinions: 1. Fard Kifaaya Shafi’is, Hanafis, Malikis 2. Fard ‘Ayn Hanbalis 3. Highly Recommended A number of scholars 4. It’s a condition for the validity of prayer Thahiris (Dawood ath-Thahiri) Ruling Congregational prayer (in any setting where people can be gathered even at home) for the five daily prayers is obligatory on those who fulfill the following conditions: ○ Men ○ Free ○ Able Doing jama’ah in a mosque is sunnah for men It is prohibited to lead a prayer in the mosque that has an assigned imam except 1. With his permission 2. There is a valid excuse Prayer time about to end The main prayer has already been led by the imam and you came in late Imam did not come or is very late 3. If you know he does not hate it if you lead Catching the Prayer Whoever does takbeerat al-Ihram before the first salam of imam, he has caught the prayer Whoever catches the imam in ruku, he has caught the rak’ah. Following conditions apply 1. He should catch him while he is still in the state of ruku 2. He should not doubt that he has caught it 3. Takbeerat al-Ihram must be done while standing. The second takbir to catch the imam is sunnah Takbirs are either rukn, wajib, or sunnah Rukn: takbeerat al-Ihram Wajib: those done to switch positions All other types are sunnah Whichever rak’ah you catch the imam in, then you consider it the same rak’ah for yourself ○ You make up the rest and can start with Subhanakallahumma... Responsibility of the Imam Imam is responsible of the following for the follower (follower is not responsible for the following): 1. Recitation But it is sunnah to recite for follower behind the imam in following situations: When the imam is quiet Silent prayers (Dhuhr and Asr) Follower cannot hear the imam due to distance or is deaf 2. Sujud sahw Any mistake done by the follower that requires sujud sahw is overlooked behind the imam Even if follower joined late and is making it up, the follower is still not required to do sujud sahw if he/she made a mistake somewhere in the prayer 3. Sujud tilawa 4. Sutrah People can pass between the lines of the followers 5. Qunut du’a 6. First tashahhud of follower if latter joined late (in a prayer of 4 rakas) Every two rak’ahs you must sit down for tashahhud but in this case the follower will just follow the imam and the imam’s tashahhud suffices Follower continues to sit after every two rak’ahs while making it up ○ Ex: You join the imam in the last rak’ah of a four rak’ah prayer, when you get up to make it up, you will sit again for tashahhud in the first rak’ah that you are making up because the appearance of the salah must never change 7. At-Tasmee’  Sunnah for imam 1. Lighten it for the people with proper completion of all steps 1. Meaning do not make the prayer long for the people and do not speed through it as well 2. First rak’ah should be longer than the second one 3. Wait for people to enter the prayer if it does not cause hardship Make ruku longer so they can join the rak’ah Make last tashahhud longer so they can catch the prayer Provided it does not harm the followers. Do not make it too long  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. What is the ruling of the congregational prayer? 2. What is the ruling of praying Jamaa in the masjid? 3. If you say takbeerat al ihram right before the imam says salam, did you catch the prayer? 4. What things does the Imam cover for his follower? 5. What are some of the sunnahs for the imam? Choosing an Imam Best person to lead the prayer is one who has following two qualities: 1. One who knows the rules of recitation This takes preference over the amount memorized in the madhab 2. Knows fiqh of salah Prayer not valid behind a fasiq except jumu’ah or eid prayer due to excuse that no other person/place was available ○ Another narration: it is disliked It is disliked for someone to be the imam if: ○ His grammatical mistakes do not change the meaning (‫(لحان‬ ○ One who repeats the letters fa or others during recitation)‫(فأفاء‬ Who cannot be an imam? Following types should not be imams 1. One who is not able to remain in a state of wudu due to a medical need ○ Unless he leads those like him Like involuntary passing of gas or urine 2. One who has one of the following flaws (‫)األمي‬: cannot recite fatiha, joins two sounds (idgham) that are not supposed to be joined, makes grammatical errors in recitation that change the meaning ○ Unless followers are the same 3. Someone who cannot do one of the arkaans, cannot abstain from najasa, or cannot face the qibla ○ Exception: one who cannot stand and prays while sitting with two conditions He is the assigned imam His sickness is temporary 4. A non-pubescent boy cannot lead adults in fardh prayer ○ But he can in a nafl prayer 5. A woman cannot lead men and people of undetermined sex 1. Latter cannot lead men either 2. An opinion in the school allows women to lead men with restrictions (but it is not the official position of the school) 1. No men are available that can recite fatiha 2. It is for taraweeh prayer 3. She leads from the back not the front 6. Prayer is invalid behind someone who does not have wudu or has najasa on his clothes, body, or place he is leading from ○ If both the follower and the imam did not know it, and then the imam find out after the prayer is over then prayer of the follower is valid The imam must repeat his prayer Where to stand in Congregation Many followers: sunnah to stand behind the imam ○ Permissible for them to stand beside him to the right as well ○ or some to the right and others to the left One person: to his right ○ This is obligatory otherwise prayer invalid If one woman as a follower: stands behind him ○ This is recommended ○ Permissible if she stands beside him even as a ghayr-mahram because it does not require touching  If you pray to left of imam and his right is empty and imam finishes a rak’ah (gets up from ruku), then this rak’ah is invalid for the follower If a follower prays alone in a row by himself without excuse, then his prayer is invalid ○ He should tap someone to come back, if they do not, then he can because he has no option ○ He can also go stand next to the imam To his right If the the imam and followers are inside of the mosque, it suffices for the followers to just follow him even if they cannot see him If you are outside the mosque, you need to be able to see the imam or the rows behind him ○ Even if it’s many rows behind the imam as long as they are seeing those in front of them and so on ○ Even if it is just some of them and not all  Fiqh of Salah ‫الصالة‬ ‫مرحبا‬ 4:103 ًۭ ُ‫ين ِكت َ ٰـ ًۭبا َّم ْوق‬ ‫وتا‬ َ ِ‫علَى ٱ ْل ُم ْؤ ِمن‬ َ ْ‫صلَ ٰوةَ كَانَت‬ َّ ‫ِإ َّن ٱل‬ Indeed, performing prayers is a duty on the believers at the appointed times. Table of Contents The Chapter of Prayer The Chapter of Funerals 1. The ruling of the prayer 1. Washing the deceased 2. The Iqama and Adhaan 2. Shrouding the deceased 3. Conditions for the validity of the prayer 3. The funeral prayer 4. Description of the prayer 4. Burying the deceased 5. The pillars and obligations 5. Visiting and Mourning the Deceased 6. The prostration of forgetfulness 7. Voluntary prayers 8. Congregational prayer 9. Prayer of the sick 10. Shortening the prayer 11. Combining the prayer 12. The Fear prayer 13. Friday Prayer 14. Eid prayer 15. Eclipse prayer 16. Rain prayer Review 1. Who is the most qualified to lead the prayer? 2. What is a Fasiq? 3. What is the ruling of praying behind him? 4. Who is not allowed to lead the prayer? 5. Where does the follower stand in prayer? Rulings of the Imam (Cont.) It is disliked for imam to pray in following ways: 1. Leading prayer on something higher than the follower (55 cm or more) Something less is ok ( height of the prophet’s mimbar) 2. He prays in a mihrab that prevents people from seeing him 3. He prays a voluntary prayer in the same spot as an obligatory prayer 4. Facing the qiblah for a long time after finishing the prayer Disliked to do for follower ○ Standing behind columns without need It is permissible for people to have different rows in various parts of the mosque even if they are not connected to each other. What matters is that each row by itself be connected and not if it connects with other rows or not As long as they are all within the vicinity of the mosque ○ Attending mosque or jama’ah with a bad smell  Excuses to be able to abandon Friday prayer or jama’ah 1. One who is sick One who is sick or fears he might get sick or he fears his case may worsen 2. One who is in need to urinate or defecate It is makrooh if he does in this case 3. One who has food in front of him and he is in need of it Meaning he is hungry and the food is available in front of him Also includes if he desires the food in front him though he might not be hungry 4. Those who fear the following six: 1. One who fears his wealth might be lost 2. One who has a relative that is close to dying 1. In their last moments 2. He fears leaving him alone 3. One who fears being harmed by the ruler 1. Can apply to any form of authority such as police, army, governor, etc. 4. One who fears being harmed by the rain or its like 1. Fears getting sick, getting stuck or in an accident, etc. 2. Applies to storm, snow, hail, bad weather, etc. 5. One who is in debt and fears his debt collector and he does not yet have the money to pay it off 1. Ex: he fears that his creditor is following him around or might be waiting for him outside his house or at the mosque to demand the money he owes 2. If you have the money, then that is not an excuse 6. One who fears missing his company/group 1. Ex: one on a bus and stopped some place to take rest 09. Prayer of the ‫الصالة