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Questions and Answers
What is the central theme of the provided text?
What is the central theme of the provided text?
Who is invoked alongside Muhammad in this prayer?
Who is invoked alongside Muhammad in this prayer?
What phrase emphasizes the worthiness of God?
What phrase emphasizes the worthiness of God?
What is the primary action being requested in the prayer?
What is the primary action being requested in the prayer?
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The structure of the prayer suggests a specific kind of relationship. What is it?
The structure of the prayer suggests a specific kind of relationship. What is it?
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Which of the following is considered a voluntary prayer?
Which of the following is considered a voluntary prayer?
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The 'Fear prayer' is most likely performed under which set of circumstances?
The 'Fear prayer' is most likely performed under which set of circumstances?
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Which of these prayers is specifically mentioned as being performed by a group?
Which of these prayers is specifically mentioned as being performed by a group?
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Which of the following options is NOT a type of prayer adjustment mentioned in the content?
Which of the following options is NOT a type of prayer adjustment mentioned in the content?
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Which of the following prayers requires a larger congregation to be performed?
Which of the following prayers requires a larger congregation to be performed?
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What is the ruling regarding excessive head movements during prayer?
What is the ruling regarding excessive head movements during prayer?
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Under what circumstances is the movement of the head permissible during prayer?
Under what circumstances is the movement of the head permissible during prayer?
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What does 'iq’aa' refer to in the context of prayer?
What does 'iq’aa' refer to in the context of prayer?
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If a person moves their head excessively during prayer, but it is for a valid reason, what is the ruling?
If a person moves their head excessively during prayer, but it is for a valid reason, what is the ruling?
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According to the content, what invalidates the prayer?
According to the content, what invalidates the prayer?
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What was an example given of a situation where the prayer is not invalidated due to najasa?
What was an example given of a situation where the prayer is not invalidated due to najasa?
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Which of the following would NOT be considered a valid reason to move the head during prayer?
Which of the following would NOT be considered a valid reason to move the head during prayer?
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When is it permissible to overlook najasa?
When is it permissible to overlook najasa?
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If someone has najasa on them, and only realises after they have finished praying, is their prayer valid?
If someone has najasa on them, and only realises after they have finished praying, is their prayer valid?
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What is the central determining factor for whether najasa invalidates prayer?
What is the central determining factor for whether najasa invalidates prayer?
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Which of the following is NOT a ruling for sujud Sahu?
Which of the following is NOT a ruling for sujud Sahu?
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When is Sajdat as-Sahu typically performed?
When is Sajdat as-Sahu typically performed?
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Which of the following is considered one of the most highly regarded voluntary prayers?
Which of the following is considered one of the most highly regarded voluntary prayers?
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Which of these actions is likely to invalidate the prayer?
Which of these actions is likely to invalidate the prayer?
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If one forgets an obligatory part of prayer, what is the appropriate action to rectify it?
If one forgets an obligatory part of prayer, what is the appropriate action to rectify it?
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What is the recommended method of performing Witr prayer?
What is the recommended method of performing Witr prayer?
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When is the Qunut supplication recommended during Witr prayer?
When is the Qunut supplication recommended during Witr prayer?
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Which of these is true regarding the content and purpose of the Qunut du'a?
Which of these is true regarding the content and purpose of the Qunut du'a?
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What is the recommended action following the completion of the Qunut du'a?
What is the recommended action following the completion of the Qunut du'a?
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During congregational prayer, how should the Imam recite the Qunut du'a?
During congregational prayer, how should the Imam recite the Qunut du'a?
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What does the phrase 'You do decree, and nothing is decreed for You' mean within the Qunut supplication?
What does the phrase 'You do decree, and nothing is decreed for You' mean within the Qunut supplication?
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What is the significance of ending the Qunut supplication with Salawaat on Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)?
What is the significance of ending the Qunut supplication with Salawaat on Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)?
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Which option best describes how the Qunut du'a is considered in relation to its specific words?
Which option best describes how the Qunut du'a is considered in relation to its specific words?
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If someone is praying Witr alone, how should they say the Qunut supplication?
If someone is praying Witr alone, how should they say the Qunut supplication?
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The text mentions certain supplications should be avoided, focusing solely on which aspect?
The text mentions certain supplications should be avoided, focusing solely on which aspect?
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Study Notes
Fiqh of Salah
- Performing prayers is a duty on believers at the appointed times.
- Prayer is a covenant with Allah.
- Observing prayers regularly at their appointed times grants admittance to Paradise.
- Failure to regularly perform prayer results in no guarantee of Paradise from Allah.
The Night of Al-Isra wal-Mi'raaj
- Occurred around the 10th year after revelation
- Muslims were recovering from the Boycott
- The year of sadness (Abu Taalib and Khadijah died)
- The incident of Taif
- Prophet prayed with all the Prophets
- Ascensions to the seven heavens
- Salah was gifted to the prophet as the greatest gift.
Excellence of Salah
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Main pillar of Islam
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Second most important obligation after the declaration of faith
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Given directly to the Prophet by Allah, without intermediaries.
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Given on the greatest night the Prophet ever experienced
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It was initially given as 50 prayers and then reduced to 5
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The only daily continual act of worship
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Considered the best of deeds
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The first thing that a servant of Allah will be judged upon on the Day of Judgment.
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Given its public call (the Adhan), a defining characteristic of a Muslim, and it deters indecency and wickedness.
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A means of expiating sins.
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Given to the Prophet before he passed away
Benefits of Salah
Individual
- Opportunity to escape stress and difficulty, or to seek help.
- Helps to protect from evil and shameful situations
- It is a deterrent from indecency and wickedness.
- The remembrance of Allah is an even greater deterrent, and Allah fully knows what you do.
Communal
- Helps to preserve the creed of the community.
- Increases love and care between Muslims
The Fiqh of Salah
- A study of the rules of Islamic worship.
- Contains a study of the Acts of Worship, including prayers, purification, donations, fasting, and pilgrimage.
- In the study of Fiqh of Salah, the journey is laid out, showing where the study is currently in defining Islam.
Table of Contents Prayer Chapter
- Covers topics from the ruling of the prayer, the Adhan and Iqama, conditions for the validity of the prayer, description of the prayer, the pillars and obligations, the prostration of forgetfulness, voluntary prayers, prayer of the sick, shortening the prayer, combining the prayer, the fear prayer, Friday prayer, Eid prayer, eclipse prayer, and rain prayer
Table of Contents Funerals Chapter
- Covers aspects like washing, shrouding, funeral prayer, burying, visiting, and mourning the deceased.
Definition of Salah
- Linguistically: Supplication/Calling
- Technically: Specific sayings and actions starting with "Allahu Akbar" and finishing with "As-salamu Alaykom"
Ruling of the Prayer
- Obligatory on all Muslims
- Not obligatory on non-believers or apostates
- Not obligatory on those who are undergoing puberty, menstruation, or are pregnant.
Ruling of the Prayer (Conditions)
- Mukallaf
- Sane
- A woman on nifas or hayd does not pray
- Prayer not valid if done by the insane
- Prayer not valid if done by a child who is not mumayyaz.
- The prayer does not need to be done instantly if it has a time of necessity
- Guardians must mandate praying
- Haram to delay prayer if not necessary
Missed Prayers
- Missed prayers in the past must be made up.
- Tawbah alone is not enough.
- Theoretically possible for Allah to forgive the individual
- Must follow the ruling of this world
The Adhaan and Iqama
Definition of Adhaan
- Linguistically: Announcement
- Technically: A call for the entry of prayer time, especially for Fajr prayer
Definition of Iqama
- Linguistically: Announcement /Establishment
- Technically: A specific call to stand and start a prayer
Ruling of Adhaan and Iqama
- Fardh Kifayah on men: Obligatory if done.
- Resident Travelers aren't required but are recommended to do it.
- Slaves aren't required
- Wajib for five prayers and Jumu'ah
- Not wajib for qadha prayers.
Conditions of Adhan and Iqama
- Order of Wording
- Continuity
- Intention of doing Adhan or Iqama
- Must be done by a male
- If want to do jama'ah, one does it without Adhan and Iqama
- Must be done by at least a 7 years old.
Conditions
- It is done after the prayer time begins
- Except Fajr
- Has two adhans
Conditions of the Muadhin
- Being upright
- Avoiding major sins
- Not insisting on minor sins
- Respecting the culture of his area (unless it contradicts Islamic law)
- Decision to choose muadhin is left up to the ruler/judge.
Sunnah's
- Beautiful and loud voice
- Trustworthy
- Righteous
- Knowledgeable about prayer times from the sun
- Special cases for joining existing prayers
- Repeating the words of the Adhan by both the caller and the listener.
- Exceptions for the Adhan
- Prayer is better than sleep
- Saying that Allahs words are accurate
More Rulings
- Adhaan is considered better than Iqama and leading prayer.
- Hanbalis dislike the responsibility of leadership.
- It is recommended to say Adhan in the right ear of a new born
- It is haram to exit the mosque after Adhan and before the prayer if you do not have a valid excuse or leave with an intention to return.
Types of Wajibaat
- Muwassa' (Flexible): Time-flexible worships.
- Mudhayyaq (Restricted): Worships with fixed times
- Examples include delaying Ramadan fasting or completing a prayer when only a short time remains.
The Person who Leaves the Prayer
- One who does not believe prayer is mandatory is a non-believer immediately
- Muslim who abandons prayer completely due to laziness will be considered a non-believer with conditions
- If such person refuses attempts at guidance and instruction, they may be imprisoned for 3 days and receive further guidance from Islamic scholars, then may face a potential death penalty.
- One who prays occasionally (e.g., on Fridays only) is still a Muslim but committing a major sin.
Missed Prayers
- Missed prayers must be made up
- Tawbah alone does not suffice
Definition of The Adhan and Iqama
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Linguistically: Announcement
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Technically: A call for the entry of prayer time
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Technically: A specific call to stand and start a prayer
Conditions of The Adhan and Iqama
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Order of Wording: Adhan and Iqama must be recited in the correct order
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Continuity: The expressions must follow each other continuously
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Intention: There must be an intention that the person is actually doing the Adhan and the Iqama.
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Must be done by a male: A female cannot do it
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Specific examples of valid situations
Definition
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Linguistically: Supplication/Calling
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Technically: Specific sayings and actions that begin with the takbir (saying Allah Akbar) and ends with the tasleem (As-salamu Alaykom)
Rulings (Wajib/Sunnah/Mubah)
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Wajib: If one leaves one of the Wajibs due to forgetfulness or ignorance, the prayer is invalid.
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Sunnah: If one leaves a Sunnah due to forgetfulness, the prayer is still valid.
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Permissible: Actions of prayer that are neither Wajibs nor Sunnahs
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Specific situations: There may be exceptions and examples, depending on the type of situation.
Time of Salah Enters
- Determining when the time for prayer begins
- Methods of determining based on shadows, specific positions of the sun or similar
- Various times for different prayers
- Practical guidance: Specific examples and exceptions
Covering Awrah
- It is obligatory for both men and women to cover their awrah, even when alone, although it will be makruh if only the shape/size is visible.
- Three types of awrah: for men, boys, and women of different ages.
- It invalidates the prayer if awrah is exposed for a long period.
Facing the Qiblah
- It must be done when prayer
- The individual should strive with all their efforts to pray facing the Qiblah (The direction to Mecca)
- If a person prayer is uncertain of Qiblah direction
- If someone is travelling or cannot find, they can ask a muslim/non-muslim what direction is east etc.
- If the person is not able to face the Qiblah due to circumstances, then the prayer is still valid. Exception if the individual is negligent
Intention
- It is important that an individual has the proper intention.
- The intention should be specific, so if a person intends to follow an Imam, then he must specify that, and so forth.
- It may be difficult determining if it was correct intention if it was spoken internally
- You may speak it in a loud tone if in a gathering, but only able to be heard by yourself, otherwise it is acceptable
- Must do before the takbeer (initial start position). Exceptions are noted.
Description of Prayer
- Steps involved in prayer
- Specific words spoken
- Recommended way for the prayer to be done
- Times a individual stops talking during prayer (examples given)
- Individual vs Congregational prayer (if leading prayer vs following a prayer leader)
- Sunnah before prayer
Start of The Prayer
- Starting the prayer with Takbeer.
- Saying the Takbeer while standing and other practices.
- Specific word usages within prayer. -Specific parts to each step
At-Tashahhud (first/second part)
-Specific words for prayer
Dua after At-Tashahhud
- Specific words
Dislikes in Salah
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Actions or behaviors that are discouraged or disliked during prayer
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Examples: moving the head unnecessarily, inappropriate physical gestures, or talking.
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Additional details given for various cases
Missed Prayers/Sujud Sahw
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Wajib prayers, sunnah prayers and specific situations where a particular step is missed.
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Explaining when an individual can do sujud sahw for prayers.
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When you need to repeat the missed steps and what is considered acceptable in individual and congregational situations.
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