Osteology Past Paper PDF

Osteology 1. Which bone or portion of bone in the thoracic limb is least stressed by the weight of the animal during the support phase of locomotion? a. ulna b. lateral humeral epicondyle c. radius d. radial carpal bone e. humeral diaphysis 2. Which of the following is flexible connective tissu...

Osteology 1. Which bone or portion of bone in the thoracic limb is least stressed by the weight of the animal during the support phase of locomotion? a. ulna b. lateral humeral epicondyle c. radius d. radial carpal bone e. humeral diaphysis 2. Which of the following is flexible connective tissue that is attached to bones at the joints? a. Adipose b. Cartilage c. Epithelial d. Muscle e. Nerve 3. Which of the following is the large bone found proximal to the patella and distal to the ischium? a. Calcaneus b. Femur c. Symphysis pubis d. Tibia e. Ulna 4. What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone? a) They have different bone marrow. b) They have different arrangement of bone cells. c) They are made of different materials. d) They have different sizes of bone cells. 5. Which of the following statement is incorrect? a) Bone is where most blood cells are made. b) Bone serves as a storehouse for various minerals. c) Bone protects and supports the body and its organs. d) Bone is a dry and non-living supporting structure. 6. What is not correct concerning the regions of a long bone? a) The diaphysis region contains the thickest cortex and marrow cavity. b) The epiphysis is between the physis and articular cartilage. c) The physis is the site where elongation takes place. d) The metaphysis is located in the middle of the diaphysis. 7. Long bone gains its blood supply through: a- Nutrient artery that enters the bone via the nutrient foramen. b- Periosteal blood vessels. c- Epiphyseal blood vessels. d- All of the above. e- None of the above. 8. Which of the following structures doesn′t belong to the horse′s foot skeleton? a- Middle and distal phalanges. b- Distal interphalangeal joint and its ligaments. c- Proximal interphalangeal joint and its ligaments. d- Navicular bone. e- Digital extensor and flexor tendons. 9. Soft bone tissue filled with holes that are surrounded by hard bone. (Typically found at the end of long bones) → Spongy bone (T or F) 10.Which of the following bones is considered a sesamoid bone? a. Proximal phalanx. b. Small metacarpal bones. c. Patella. d. Distal phalanx. e. Accessory carpal bone. 11. Which bone is present in the cat and not the dog? a. Os penis b. Manubrium c. Clavicle d. Xiphoid 12. Which cells reabsorb bone? a. Osteocytes b. Osteons c. Osteoblasts d. Osteoclasts e. Osteogenic cells 13. Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton? a. Sternum b. Sacrum c. Ribs d. Atlas e. Pelvis 14. What are the functions of the skeleton? a. Shape b. Support c. Protection d. All of them 15.Most growth in height of a young dog occurs in the distal portion of the humerus and femur This growth occurs in the: a. Physis b. Metaphysis c. Diaphysis d. Articular cartilages e. Primary ossification centers 16.The patella normally is: a. Attached to the lateral meniscus b. Attached to the medial meniscus c. Positioned proximal to the femorotibial joint space d. Within the tendon of the cranial tibial muscle e. Within the tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle 17.Regarding the distal sesamoid bone, the following statements are correct, except: a. It is present palmarly (plantarly) between the middle and distal phalanges. b. It receives part of the body weight when the limb is bearing weight. c. Its extremities are attached with the flexor surface of the distal phalanx via the distal sesamoidean impar ligament. d. It diminishes concussion when the weight comes on the foot. e. It transmits the action of the deep digital flexor muscle to the digit. 18.Axial bones include skull, vertebrae, ribs and os coxae. (a-T or b- F) 19.Sagittal plane; runs the length of the body and divide it into left and right parts that are necessarily equal halves. (a-T or b-F) 20. The epiphysis is what part of a long bone? a. The distal and proximal bulgy ends, after the epiphyseal/growth plate. b. The distal end, between the diaphysis and the metaphysis. c. The proximal end, between the diaphysis and the metaphysis. d. The long part of the bone. e. The hole into which the nerves and blood vessels pass. 21. Which of the following is an aborted long bone? a. Ulna of ox b. Ulna of horse c. Ulna of dog d. Ulna of fowl e. Ulna of rabbit 22. Acromion process is absent in a. Ox b. Camel c. Sheep d. Horse e. Dog 23. Supracondyloid foramen is present in the humerus of a. Ox b. Camel c. Sheep d. Horse e. dog 24. Which of these functions of the skeletal system is not correct? a. storage of calcium and phosphates b. formation of lymph c. storage of fat d. formation of red blood cells in the marrow (typically in long bones) 25. Which type of bone tissue is found in areas that are prone to stress i.e. long bones like the femur? a. cancellous bone b. irregular bones c. spongey bone d. compact bone e. Long bone 26. Where is cancellous bone/spongey bone most not commonly found? a. Vertebrae b. Flat bones c. In the middle of long bones d. At the end of long bones 27. The term 'HAEMOPOIETIC' describes what? a. Blood flow within a bone. b. Bone marrow which produces blood cells. c. The blood vessels found within a bone. d. Bone marrow turning yellow due to lack of hemoglobin. 28. What happens to the bone marrow as an animal gets older? a. It continues to produce blood cells throughout the animal’s life and stays a bright red colour. b. It dies and becomes a dense tissue. c. It turns yellow in colour as it becomes full of fat, becoming inactive. d. Its ability of producing red blood cells lessens, but does not become completely inactive. 29. What is the main blood supply to the bone? a. Nutrient Artery b. Pulmonary Artery c. Veins/vessels within the bone. d. Nutrient Foramen. 30. The bones of the skeleton can be classified according to their SHAPE... which of these describes FLAT BONES? a. Their function is to reduce friction and wear on the tendon by altering the angle at which it passes over a joint. b. Includes vertebrae and some of the more unusual shaped bones of the skull. They consist of an outer layer of compact bone, with a cancellous core. c. They consist of an outer layer of compact bone, with a cancellous core. The bones consist mainly in the skull, ribs and scapula. d. Their main function is to act as levers during locomotion as they have a cylindrical shaft made of compact bone and full of marrow. e. They are small 'cubes' of bone comprising on cancellous core covered in an outer layer of compact bone. 31. The bones of the skeleton can be classified according to their SHAPE... which of these describes SESAMOID BONES? a. They are small 'cubes' of bone comprising on cancellous core covered in an outer layer of compact bone. b. The frontal and maxillary bones of the skull contain air filled cavities or sinuses, which enable the bone to maintain its strength whilst remaining light weight. c. Their function is to reduce friction and wear on the tendon by altering the angle at which it passes over a joint. The best known of this example is the patella. d. Includes vertebrae and some of the more unusual shaped bones of the skull. They  consist of an outer layer of compact bone, with a cancellous core. 32.Name structure 1. a. Metaphysis b. Medullary Cavity c. Diaphysis d. Epiphysis e. physis 33.Patella (knee cap) is a sesamoid bone. a. True b. False 34.The scapula possesses an articular surface on its ventral angle. a. True c. False 35.The radius is the bone of the antebrachium that is located on the same side as the 2nd. Metacarpal bone. a. True b. False 36.In the horse, the component bones of the pectoral girdle include: a. Radius and ulna b. Coracoid and scapula c. Scapula and humerus d. Os coxae and sacrum 37.The head of the femur articulates with the: a. Condyloid articular surface b. Glenoid cavity c. Acetabulum d. Tibial articular surface e. Patella 38.The medial styloid is a process on the: a. Distal end of the ulna b. Lateral distal end of the radius c. Medial distal end of the ulna d. Medial distal end of the radius e. Medial distal end of the humerus 39.Choose the surface feature that represents a depression in a bone. a. Process b. Facet c. Fossa d. Condyle e. Ridge 40.The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin layer of connective tissue termed. a. Epiphysis b. Periosteum c. Endomysium d. Endosteum e. Diaphysis 41.What portion of the scapula give origin to coracobrachialis muscle? a. Glenoid cavity b. Spinal tuber c. Cranial border d. Coracoid process e. Acromion 42.What location on the humerus is the site of deltoid muscle insertion? a. Lateral tubercle b. Teres tuberosity c. Humeral crest d. Deltoid tuberosity e. Medial tubercle 43.The............... of the humerus receives a process by the same name that comprises a part of the ulna. a. Deltoid tuberosity b. Coronoid tuberosity c. Olecranon tuberosity d. Coronoid fossa e. Olocranon fossa 44.Which carpal bone articulates with the lateral styloid process? a. First carpal b. 4th. Carpal c. Ulnar carpal d. Radial carpal e. Intermediate carpal 45.Through which point of the pelvic girdle does the sciatic nerve pass to the leg? a. Acetabular notch b. Great sciatic notch c. Obturator foramen d. Ventral sacral foramen e. Femoral canal 46.Bones that form in tendons in response to stress are called a. Cartilaginous bone b. Spongy bone c. Short bone d. Sesamoid bone e. Pneumatic bone 47.Which of the following is not a part of the appendicular skeleton? a. Sacrum b. Patella  c. Coracoid d. Navicular bone e. Intermediate carpal bone 48.In function, the skeletal system is most closely associated with the: a. Nervous system b. Vascular system c. Muscular system d. Urinary system e. Mineral system 49.Which of the following is not one of the categories of bone shape? a. Sesamoid bone b. Compact bone c. Short bone d. Irregular bone e. Long bone 50.Red bone marrow within certain long bones is in contact with the: a. Periosteum b. Endosteum c. Epiphyseal plate d. Articular cartilage e. Nutrient foramen 51. Which of the following is not a cranial bone? a. Temporal b. Occipital c. Maxilla d. Frontal e. Parietal