Behaviourism PDF

Behaviourism QHPE 601 Evidence-based Teaching and Learning Behaviourism (Cont. 1) Focuses on observable changes in behaviour Recognises the role of stimulus in the external environment towards shaping behaviour Positive consequences or reinforcers strengthen behaviour and enhance learnin...

Behaviourism QHPE 601 Evidence-based Teaching and Learning Behaviourism (Cont. 1) Focuses on observable changes in behaviour Recognises the role of stimulus in the external environment towards shaping behaviour Positive consequences or reinforcers strengthen behaviour and enhance learning, while negative consequences or punishment weakens it Thorndike Pavlov Teacher-centred approach Watson Skinner 2 Classical Conditioning A stimulus is presented in order to get an involuntary response 3 Video of Pavlov classical conditioning Classical Conditioning (in 3 minutes) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6AYofQchoM&t=2s 4 Watson’s Little Albert Experiments Denied the existence of any human instincts, inherited capacities or talents, and temperaments 5 Video of little Albert Baby Albert Experiments Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE 6 7 Thorndike-puzzle box Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDujDOLre-8 8 Thorndike: Law of Effect Learning is the result of associations between stimuli and responses Such associations or ‘habits’ become strengthened or weakened by the nature and frequency of the stimulus-response pairings Behaviours which are reinforced will be repeated Non-reinforced Behaviours will be extinguished http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDujDOLre-8 9 Skinner’s Operant Conditioning The response is made first, then reinforcement follows – voluntary response Positive reinforcement: Responses Positive Positive Reinforcement Reinforcement rewarded likely to be repeated Negative reinforcement: Responses Negative Negative Reinforcement Reinforcement allowing escape from undesirable situations likely to be repeated Punishment: Responses lead to undesirable Punishment Punishment outcome, not likely to be repeated Extinction: Responses not reinforced, not likely to be repeated Extinction Extinction 10 So, if you have seen Big Bang Theory then here is a video clip from it. Where Sheldon is applying behaviorism on penny and Leonard​ Positive Reinforcement - The Big Bang Theory Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA96Fba-WHk 11 Faculty Credit The following faculty are attributed to the slides and ideas of this session (in alphabetical order) Dr. Ahsan Sethi 12