2-6+Cellular+Respiration+Slides.pdf

11/18/2023 Recalling from the last lesson 1. What are the reactants of photosynthesis 2. What are the products of photosynthesis 3. Which part of photosynthesis requires sunlight? 4. Which part of photosynthesis does not require sunlight? 1 Topic 2 – The Cell System 2-6 Cellular Respiration • •...

11/18/2023 Recalling from the last lesson 1. What are the reactants of photosynthesis 2. What are the products of photosynthesis 3. Which part of photosynthesis requires sunlight? 4. Which part of photosynthesis does not require sunlight? 1 Topic 2 – The Cell System 2-6 Cellular Respiration • • • How does cellular respiration break down food to produce energy and carbon dioxide? How can cells release energy without using oxygen? How are matter and energy conserved during cellular respiration? 2 1 11/18/2023 Cellular Respiration • Two kinds of respiration Aerobic Respiration – Involving use of oxygen Anaerobic Respiration – Does not involve use of oxygen • Chemical reaction in cells Glucose + Oxygen energy released Carbon Dioxide + Water • All living things need energy and carry out cellular respiration 3 Use of Energy • Body stores energy in reserves (glucose, fat and others) • When cells need energy, body draws on reserves by breaking down these substances in cellular respiration • Cellular respiration ≠ respiration (or breathing) • In Life Sciences, respiration: process of releasing energy from food breathing: inhaling and exhaling oxygen 4 2 11/18/2023 Respiration State 1: Oxygen not involved Glucose broken down into small molecules Small amounts of energy released 5 Respiration State 2: In mitochondria, uses oxygen Smaller molecules broken down further A lot more energy released for cellular activities 6 3 11/18/2023 Respiration Raw materials: Glucose & oxygen Product: Carbon dioxide & water Overall process: 7 Mitochondria • Release large amount of energy from respiration • Folds within  surface area for reaction • Chemical reactions happen on the folds that release energy • Smaller molecules react & produce carbon dioxide and water with large amounts of energy 8 4 11/18/2023 Using Fructose instead of Glucose • Some organisms’ respiration process use fructose instead of glucose • Do not need oxygen to break down fructose 9 Photosynthesis vs Respiration 10 5 11/18/2023 Fermentation – Anaerobic Respiration • Release energy without oxygen • Done by yeast, bacteria and muscles of animals • Conditions: Limited oxygen supply (e.g. intestines) • Less effective, releasing less energy than cellular respiration 11 Alcoholic Fermentation • Live yeast cells • Sugar  Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + Small amount of energy • Carbon dioxide produced forms gas pockets in dough that causes dough to rise in breads. 12 6 11/18/2023 Lactic Acid Fermentation – Anaerobic Respiration Resting Jogging Sprinting Energy Needs Low High Very High Oxygen Intake Low Maximum Respiration Type Aerobic (with oxygen) Aerobic Maximum (Insufficient for needs) Anaerobic 13 Lactic Acid Fermentation • When extra energy is required by the body, energy supplied through lactic acid fermentation. • Different types of muscles in the body specializing in different energy release – red muscles (aerobic) and white muscles (anaerobic) • White muscles breakdown of glucose without oxygen • Lactic acid is fuel for such muscles • When these muscles use lactic acid and release energy, proton is also released. • Proton accumulation cause muscle area to be acidic and body senses it as muscle burn. 14 7 11/18/2023 Pg 114 • Identifying which is alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid formation and cellular respiration 15 Rip out pg 108 to 121 (7A: 11/13) Do Pg 110: fill in blanks Pg 111: fill in blanks & reading check Pg 112: fill in blanks & math toolbox Pg 113: fill in blanks & reading check Pg 114: (should be done) Pg 115: lesson 6 check Pg 118 to 121 everything 16 8