BS Nursing Level 1: Theoretical Foundations in Nursing (NCM100) PDF

BS NURSING LEVEL 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING (NCM100) Ms. Ashley Pascua, RN main focus of our profession. THEORY Central concept of Nursing. ❖ Composed of a group of conce...

BS NURSING LEVEL 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING (NCM100) Ms. Ashley Pascua, RN main focus of our profession. THEORY Central concept of Nursing. ❖ Composed of a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality. ❖ Health Promotion ❖ A statement that explains or characterizes - There is an absence of disease, a process, an occurrence, or an event and what you do here is health is based on observed fact. education.(Ex. To advise you to ❖ Can be tested, changed, or used to guide have a balanced diet, or exercise research or to provide a base evaluation. regularly.) ❖ Arrange a group of related statements or ❖ Illness prevention concepts so that they give meaning to a - Risk, or sickness in family history. series of events. - What we foresee is a crisis in a patient. 2 PRINCIPLE METHODS - To prevent, we need to know where we perform nursing care, we need to have first an idea where ❖ Deductive Reasoning we treat our patients. - one examines a general idea and ❖ Health Restoration then considers specific action or - Sickness is there. Caring for the ideas. patient until he/she gets better. ❖ Inductive Reasoning - Trying to restore his/her health - general to specific. Reverse through nurse intervention or process is used. medication. - one builds from specific ideas or - The patient can go back to her/his actions to conclusions about normal life. general ideas. ❖ Health Rehabilitation - Long term care. CONCEPT - This patient is not possibly gonna ❖ An idea of what something is or how it restore his/her normal life. works - To assist him/her to do daily activities/(OLOF - Optimum Level PHILOSOPHY of Functioning) ❖ A particular set of ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of life. Environment - It's not about the working NURSING PARADIGM environment, but the environment ❖ Patterns/ models used to show clear of the patient. relationships among existing theoretical - This is also related to Florence’s works in nursing. Theory. ❖ Compromises of 4: Person - Everybody is different. Health - We need to have the Our patients have their own correct knowledge, skills and identity. As a nurse, we need to attitude. - imp. in nursing know their values, and to create a relationship and to clean an individualized nursing care. Nursing - It pertains to the condition of the patients. It's the Verra, Nahiduzzaman, Peusca 1 BS NURSING LEVEL 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING (NCM100) Ms. Ashley Pascua, RN NURSING ❖ GRAND NURSING THEORY ❖ A unique healthcare discipline in which The broadest scope and present nurses provide a service based on general concepts and propositions. knowledge and skill. Theories at this level may both ❖ Has two essential aspects: reflect and provide insights useful A body of knowledge for practice but are not designed The application of that for empirical testing. knowledge through clinical ❖ MIDDLE RANGE THEORY nursing practice. Proposed by Robert Merton in the ❖ Knowledge is an awareness of the reality field of sociology to provide acquired through learning invistigation. theories that are both broad enough to be useful in complex KNOWLEDGE situations and appropriate for empirical testing. ❖ Information, skills, and expertise acquired ❖ CLINICAL NURSING PRACTICE by a person through formal/informal THEORY learning. Has a direct effect on nursing practice. It deals with the situation. SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE Most limited scope and level of ❖ Traditional Knowledge abstraction and is developed for Part of Nursing practice passed use within a specific range of down from generation to nursing situations generation. Have more direct impact on ❖ Authoritative Knowledge nursing practice than do theories Comes from an expert and is that are more abstract. accepted as truth based on a person's perceived expertise. 4 COMMON CONCEPTS IN NURSING ❖ Scientific Knowledge THEORIES Knowledge arrived at through the scientific method. 1. PERSON a. Also referred to as Client or NURSING THEORY Human Beings ❖ Attempts to describe or explain the b. Is the recipient of nursing care and phenomenon (process, occurrence, or may include individuals, patients, event) called nursing (Barnum, 1998). groups, families, and communities. ❖ Differentiates nursing from other 2. ENVIRONMENT or Situation disciplines and activities in that it serves a. Is defined as the internal and the purposes of describing, explaining, external surroundings that affect predicting, and controlling desired the client. outcomes of nursing care practices. 3. HEALTH a. Defined as the degree of wellness of well-being that the client experience TYPES OF NURSING THEORY 4. NURSING Verra, Nahiduzzaman, Peusca 2 BS NURSING LEVEL 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING (NCM100) Ms. Ashley Pascua, RN a. The nurse’s attributes, the discovery and appreciation of characteristics, and actions provide theory care on behavior or in conjunction Controlled by: with the client. Perception of balance Rhythm WAYS OF KNOWING Proportion and unity ❖ EMPIRICAL KNOWING what is done in relation to the Concerns the science of nursing; dynamic integration and the nurse uses empirical; knowing articulation of the whole. to access data from nursing, from related disciples, and from the EVOLUTION OF NURSING client. BRIEF HISTORY Is factual descriptive and ultimately ❖ INTUITIVE NURSING aimed at developing abstract and Primitive Times – 16th Century theoretical explanations. A function that belonged to women ❖ ETHICAL KNOWING Disease were embedded in Ethics in nursing is the moral superstition and magic component guiding choices within ❖ APPRENTICE NURSING the complexity of health care. 16th – 18th Century Focuses on the primary principle of Western societies changed from obligation and what ought to be having a religious orientation to done in the concept of service and emphasizing warfare, exploration, respect for human life. and expansion of knowledge. One important rule is consent. Women who had committed crimes Important that the patient knows who were recruited into nursing in what will happen to him. It's his or lieu of serving jail sentences. her right to proceed or to cancel. ❖ EDUCATION NURSING ❖ PERSONAL KNOWING 18th – 19th Century The pattern most fundamental to Social reforms changed the roles understanding the meaning of of nurses and of women in general health in terms of individual June, 1860 – Florence Nightingale well-being. (Carper, 1975) School of Nursing Can be broadly described as The outbreak of the Crimean War subjective, concrete, direct, and and a request by the British to existential and is relational to organize nursing care for a Military another human being. Hospital gave an opportunity for Note: How you relate to other achievement people, is how you see yourself. Last two decades of the 19th More on relating to people, it 's century is also called “awakening easier for you to understand them. of nursing” You're not gullible if you know ❖ CONTEMPORARY NURSING yourself, limitations, and 18th – 21st Century boundaries. Knowing yourself first. World War II had an enormous ❖ AESTHETIC KNOWING effect on nursing Perception of unity and resists Associated with scientific and expression into the discursive. technological developments and Creative, such as when it is social changes. (1945) combines with empirical knowing n Verra, Nahiduzzaman, Peusca 3 BS NURSING LEVEL 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING (NCM100) Ms. Ashley Pascua, RN Professionalization of Nursing SCIENCE AND THEORY IN THE LATE Schools of nursing were based on 20TH CENTURY educational objectives and were ❖ Foucault (1973) published his analyses of increasingly developed in the epistemology of human sciences from university and college settings, the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. leading to degrees in nursing for ❖ He found changes in the focus of inquiry both men and women. in what was regarded by scholars as Increased emphasis on nursing scientific knowledge and in how knowledge as the base for nursing knowledge was organized. practice has led to the growth of nursing as a professional discipline. ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF NURSING THEORY CRITERIA: DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY OF NURSING RATIONALISM ❖ CLARITY - Is the theory clearly stated? ❖ SIMPLICITY - Is it stated simply? ❖ Rationalist epistemology (scope of ❖ GENERALITY - Can the theory be knowledge) emphasizes the importance of generalized? a priori reasoning as the appropriate ❖ EMPERICAL PRECISION - Is the theory method for advancing knowledge accessible? ❖ Theoretical assertions derived by ❖ DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES - How deductive reasoning important is the theory? ❖ They called this approach the “Theory-then-research strategy” NON-NURSING THEORIES EMPERICISM 1. HUMAN NEED THEORY a. LEVELS OF PRIORITY: ❖ Based on the central idea that scientific Physiologic Need knowledge can be divided only from the Safety and Security sensory experience. Love and Belongingness ❖ This approach is called the inductive Self Esteem method Self Actualization ❖ Research-then-theory strategy 2. SYSTEMS THEORY EARLY 20TH CENTURY VIEWS OF a. Components: SCIENCE AND THEORY Input - data/info that comes from a ❖ During the first half of this century, client's assessment philosophers focused on the analysis of Output - end product of a system theory structure, whereas scientists Feedback - serves to inform a focused on emperical research. system about how it functions ❖ Positivism, a term first used by Conte, Content - product and info emerged as the dominant view of modern obtained from the system science. ❖ Input - client interaction with the environment ( physiological, psychological, developmental, etc.) Verra, Nahiduzzaman, Peusca 4 BS NURSING LEVEL 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING (NCM100) Ms. Ashley Pascua, RN ❖ Content - Nursing Process ( Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation) ❖ Output - Client's health status for returning to the environment ❖ Feedback - client successfully or unsuccessfully functions in the environment SIGNIFICANCE OF THEORY TO NURSING AS A PROFESSION CRITERIA OF A PROFESSION ❖ Well defined body of specific and unique knowledge ( Education ) ❖ Strong service orientation ( Service ) ❖ Code of ethics ❖ Professional organization that sets standards ( Autonomy ) ❖ Ongoing research ❖ Autonomy ❖ Caring QUALITIES OF A PROFESSIONAL NURSE ❖ has faith in the fundamental values that underlie the democratic way of life ❖ has a sense of responsibility for understanding those with whom he/she works or associates with through the use of skills ❖ has the basic knowledge, skills and attitude necessary to address present day social problems through the use of critical thinking ❖ has skills in using written and spoken language ❖ has emotional balance ❖ appreciates high standards of workmanship ❖ accepts and tries to understand people of all sorts regardless of race, religion and color REFERENCE: MS. PASCUA’S PPT Verra, Nahiduzzaman, Peusca 5