1st Quarter PDF

1st Quarter Saturday, 13 Safar 1446 AH 2:20 PM 1. Self concept 2. Self image 3. Self esteem 4. Cyberself Self - Very fluid and in a state of constant change - There is more to self than is included within the self-concept - Area that represents ou...

1st Quarter Saturday, 13 Safar 1446 AH 2:20 PM 1. Self concept 2. Self image 3. Self esteem 4. Cyberself Self - Very fluid and in a state of constant change - There is more to self than is included within the self-concept - Area that represents our untapped potential Self concept - More highly structured and difficult to change - A portion may not actually be included in the self - Area that represent the part of ourselves we invent Sources of self-concept - Biology & genetics - Self-evaluations - Social roles - Social comparison - Feedback from others - Cultural Characteristics of self concept 1. Inherently subjective  - Cultural Characteristics of self concept 1. Inherently subjective 2. Multifaced 3. Dynamic 4. Influenced by self-disclosure Context and self concept - Culture § Individualist § Collectivist § Co-culture § Media - Relationship § Friends & family § Co-workers § Schoolmates etc. - Gender § Males vs females - Individual § Self fulfilling prophecies: we develop expectations of people or events, we express those expectations verbally and/or nonverbally, others adjust their behavior to match our verbal and/or nonverbal messages, our expectations become reality, the confirmation of our expectations strengthens our original belief, we developed expectations of people or events. § Automatic negative thoughts  expectations strengthens our original belief, we developed expectations of people or events. § Automatic negative thoughts Self-Image - How we think other people see us - Mental picture we have of ourselves - it sums up the kind of person we think we are - Composite roles we claim and attitudes and beliefs we use to describe Self esteem - How much do you value and respect yourself - Self-evaluation; estimation of self-worth. - Includes the value or importance we place on our perceived characteristics; indication of how much you like and value yourself, including your feelings, abilities, and character. Components of self-esteem Cognitive - Thinking about our strengths & weaknesses, actual self vs. ideal self Affective - Feelings about ourselves in reference our strengths & weaknesses Behavioral - Verbal and nonverbal behaviors Low self esteem vs. high self esteem Low - Depression Low self esteem vs. high self esteem Low - Depression High - happiness & satisfaction experimentation Under-inflated Self-Esteem vs. Overinflated Self Esteem Proportionality of Self-esteem Academic performance - The APS task force found that artificially inflating students' self-esteem can decrease grades. - Receiving passing grades that don’t actually reflect academic performance in K-12 classes can cause college students to become offended, demoralized, or angry when they don’t achieve the grades they believe they deserve. Interpersonal relationships - In school programs designed to "enhance positive self-perceptions" result of such programs is that children fail to learn respect for others - In ego-threatening situations people with inflated self-esteem are liked significantly less than people with lower self esteem - Unrealistically inflated self-appraisal can precipitate a culture of bullying characterized  inflated self-esteem are liked significantly less than people with lower self esteem - Unrealistically inflated self-appraisal can precipitate a culture of bullying characterized by persistent teasing, name-calling, or social exclusion. Galatea effect - Belief comes from yourself. Pygmalion effect - Belief comes from other people. Guidelines for enriching the self - Gain and use knowledge to support personal development. - Make a firm commitment to personal growth. - Set goals that are realistic and fair. - Enhance your self-esteem. - Self-disclose when appropriate. Impostor syndrome - When you're good at something but you think you're not. Purposes of self disclosure Friends - Relationship maintenance and enhancement - Self-clarification Strangers - Reciprocity - Impression formation  Strangers - Reciprocity - Impression formation Benefits of self disclosure - Increased self-knowledge. - Self-disclosure can be cathartic. - Self-disclosure may provide affirmation and new perspectives on who we are and what we have done. - Self-disclosure can be ethical. - Self-disclosure often results in reciprocal and improved communication. Risks of self disclosure - Others may not accept what we reveal or may like us less or reject us. - Others might use information we have disclosed against us. - Self-disclosure can hurt others. - Online disclosure lack security Cyber self - Sns have created new outlets for people to create an online extension of themselves. Cyberself and self-esteem - People with low self-esteem tend to post more negative information, and people are less likely to respond to downbeat messages. Cyberself and self-disclosure  negative information, and people are less likely to respond to downbeat messages. Cyberself and self-disclosure - Every status update and tweet we post is a disclosure that provide information about who we are, what we value, how we are feeling, and when we are going. - Adolescents with a preference for offline self- disclosure showed a high probability of being resilient, while adolescents with a preference for online self-disclosure showed a high probability to be under controllers and over controllers Cyberself and self-comparisons - People do not feel inferior when comparing themselves to people they know well because they were not fooled by their self-portrayals, but they are more prone to believe that strangers do live better lives and comparisons with them are more depressing. - The tendency towards social comparison on Facebook seems to be especially important for females, mediating the effects of self-esteem - Young women with low self-esteem have a high tendency to social comparison express themselves on Facebook to improve their self- esteem. - Young women with a positive self-esteem use Facebook as an additional means to maintain their social network. - Young women with a positive self-esteem use Facebook as an additional means to maintain their social network.