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FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 on to infinity I BELIEVE IN GOD...

FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 on to infinity I BELIEVE IN GOD Causation First Efficient There is no Cause of case known in Uncaused which a thing ★ The object of Faith: The trinitarian God Cause is found to be ★ The Act and Symbol of Faith: Fides Qua efficient because of and Fides Quae itself. ★ “Can God be known without faith?” Possibility Necessary There are ○ Using the natural light of reason, and Necessity Being things God can be known by observing possible to be the natural world: “Ever since the and not to be. creation of the world, God’s That which invisible attributes of eternal does not exist only begins to power and divinity have been able exist by to understood an perceived in something what he has made” (Romans 1:20) already ○ “When an effect is better known to existing. But us [than its cause from the effect], now all beings we proceed to the knowledge of are merely the cause.” possible. ○ St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Gradation in Perfect Being Among Contra Gentiles, “On Whether Things beings, there God’s Existence Can Be are some Demonstrated.” more and some less good, true, FIVE WAYS OF GOD’S EXISTENCE noble, and the like. The maximum in any genius is ★ Effects: How the natural world reveals the cause of God’s existence all in that ★ Cause: How human reason perceives God genus Governance Grand Whatever WAYS CAUSE EFFECT of the World Architect or lacks Intelligent intelligence Motion Prime Mover Whatever is in Designer cannot move or Unmoved motion is put towards an Mover in motion by end unless another. But directed by this cannot go something 1  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 endowed with ○ “For God sent His Son, the eternal knowledge word, who enlightens all human and beings, so that The Son might intelligence. dwell among them and declare to them the secrets of God.” TWO-FOLD OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE IN THE SACRED SCRIPTURES ★ Natural Revelation ★ Creation ○ human reason ○ “Let us make man in our image, ○ created world after our likeness. (Genesis 1:26) ○ observation ○ “What is God?” ★ The Annunciation ★ Supernatural/Divine Revelation ○ “To the chosen and destined by ○ faith God the Father, and sanctified by ○ persons and events the Spirit for obedience to Jesus ○ deposit of faith Christ and for sprinkling with this ○ “Who is God?” blood. (1 Peter 1:1-2) Human beings attain their last end by knowing and loving God. ★ The Baptism of Jesus ○ When Jesus was baptized, the ★ Faith is necessary to know God in His heavens were opened and he saw essence and to attain perfect happiness: the Spirit of God descending like a “Eternal life consists in the full cognition dove..a voice from heaven saying, of God. Hence, it is necessary that some “This is my beloved Son, with inception of this supernatural cognition whom I am well pleased. (Matthew should come to exist in us. And this 3:16–17). inception comes through faith, which on the basis of an infused light holds fast to things that by [human] nature exceed our ★ The Advocate cognition.” ○ And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Advocate to THE OBJECT OF FAITH be with you always. (John 14:16) ★ The Great Commission ★ The Most Holy Trinity ○ Go, therefore, and make disciples ○ It is the most fundamental mystery of all nations, baptizing them in of the Catholic faith revealed by the name of the Father, and of the Jesus Christ. Son, and of the Holy Spirit. (Matthew 28:19) 2  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 ★ Peter’s Epistle ○ Examples: Divine nature (pure ○ To the chosen and destined by God spirit) and human nature the Father, and sanctified by the (embodied spirit). Spirit for obedience by Jesus Christ and for sprinkling with his ★ Person blood. (1 Peter 1:2) ○ Refers to what perfectly signifies nature, an individual substance of ★ Paul’s Epistle a rational nature (Boethius). That ○ The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ which possesses being and and the love of God and the existence. fellowship of the Holy Spirit be ○ Examples: Divine nature (Holy with you all of you. (2 Corinthians Trinity) and human person (Imago 13:13) Dei). ★ Relation IN THE SACRED TRADITION ○ The reference of one thing to another. ○ Human relations (family, adoption, ★ Dogma: truths revealed by God himself, friendship, and acquaintance) and expressed in clear propositions by the divine Relations (paternity, filiation, active, and passive teaching authority of the Church, and are spiration). true and necessary for salvation. ★ The Trinity is one by nature.. ★ The Trinity is One by nature…. ★ Trinitarian Dogma: ○ As a Pure Spirit, the divine nature 1. The Trinity is one. is eternal, perfect, and 2. The divine persons are really immutable. Hence, there is no sharing of divine substance among distinct from one another. the three persons. They are 3. The divine persons are relative to co-equal, co-eternal, and one another. consubstantial (of the same substance). PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS The Divine Persons are Really Distinct from One Another by relations of origin… ★ Father ★ Nature ○ Unbegotten; the origin w/o an ○ That through which the person is origin (essence) and acts (substance). ★ Son ○ Eternally begotten of the Father; the origin of the origin ★ Holy Spirit 3  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 ○ Proceeds from the Father and the ★ Faith is the conviction of things unseen… Son ○ We did not come to believe on our own. ○ Thus, the church from generation to generation hands on the apostles’ confession of faith. THE DIVINE PERSONS ○ The apostles’ confession of faith Paternity The relation of the Father to becomes a symbol preserved and (“Pater or the Son. transmitted to deepen our faith = father) FIDES QUAE Filiation The relation of the Son to the (“Filia or son) Father. Examples of Fides Quae: 1. Doctrine – Trinitarian and Christological Passive The relationship to the Father Spiration and the Son. Dogmas 2. Worship – Liturgical Creeds 3. Morals – Decalogue and Beatitudes FAITH xTWO-FOLD FORMS OF FAITH ★ Hebrews 11:1 “Faith is the assurance of things hoped for and the conviction of ★ Fides Qua things unseen. ○ The act of believing in God and the ★ Faith divinely revealed truths; the virtue, ○ Assurance of the things hoped that makes the act of faith for… (salvation/eternal life). possible; faith that strengthened ○ We define substance/essence as ○ the substance/essence of how we that through which a person “is” believe. and “acts”. ○ act; I believe; subjective ○ Ergo, faith is a free, personal, and ★ Fides Quae ecclesial act of submitting actively ○ The faith which is believed. to God in confidence = FIDES QUA ○ Catholic faith defended by the martyrs. ○ the conviction that what we Examples of Fides Qua: believe is true and necessary. 1. Doctrine – Bible Study ○ symbol; I believe in; objective 2. Worship – Mass 3. Morals – Act of Charity 4  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 number twelve (12) signifies “completeness”. CREEDS The Two-fold forms of Faith Apostle’s ★ Oldest authoritative Creed doctrinal formulation of Fides Qua Fides Qua the Church’s belief in The The conviction that the Holy Trinity substance/essence of what we believe is ★ An ancient Roman how we believe. true and necessary Baptismal Symbol. ★ Basis of catechumenal Act Symbol instruction and a I believe I believe in baptismal confession of faith since 2nd Subjective Objective century. REMINDER! ‘I believe = We believe’ ○ Faith is not an isolated act. “We” Nicene Creed ★ Arose out of a connotes a singular identity or defensive struggle communion with what the Church against the heresy of believes. Arianism. ★ Arose out of a Faith is not an isolated act. “We” connotes a defensive struggle singular identity or communion with what the against the heresy of Church believes. Macedonianism ★ Arius CREEDS ○ Spread heresy that Jesus is ★ “Credo” Latin = belief not God. ★ Macedonianism ○ Condensed formulas of faith that ○ Spread heresy developed over a course of time. that the Holy ○ Contemplated, passed on, Spirit is not celebrated, and lived out. God. ○ Makes I believe = we believe possible ○ Apostles’ Creed and Nicene Creed: based on the number of THE ARTICLES OF FAITH apostles handpicked by Christ, the 5  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 01 — I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth. 02 — And in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord. THE CREATION AND FALL OF MAN 03 — Who was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. ★ God made everything : Creation is the first 04 — He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was act of God’s revelation. crucified, died, and was buried. ★ Revelation - “revelare” - disclose ★ Creation is the work of the Holy Trinity. 05 — He descended into hell. The third day he ★ Creation is the Work of the Holy Trinity arose again from the dead. ★ Although we say that the work of the 06 — He ascended into heaven and is seated at Creation is the Father’s, he did this the right hand of the Father Almighty. indivisibly together with the Son and the Holy Spirit. 07 — He will come again to judge the living and the dead. 08 — I believe in the Holy Spirit CREATION 09 — the holy catholic Church, the Communion of Saint ★ God created the world: 10 — the forgiveness of sins ○ Creatio ex nihilo: he did not need any previously existing materials 11 — the resurrection of the body or help from anyone: this shows his 12 — and in life everlasting. omnipotence and his wisdom. ★ Faith is a Relationship ○ God created the world out of ○ The believer’s act of faith does not nothing. terminate in the propositions but in the realities which they express. ○ Creatio ex amore: God has no other reason for creating than his Difference between Apostles’ Creed and Nicene love and goodness. This love is Creed natural to God. ○ God created the world out of love (The Apostle’s Creed) ○ God is love I believe in God the Father Almighty CREATOR OF HEAVEN AND EARTH IN STATUS VITAE (Nicene Version) MAKER OF HEAVEN AND EARTH, OF ALL ★ Everything that God created is in the state THINGS VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE of journeying, toward an ultimate perfection yet to be attained. 6  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 ★ Through his Divine Providence, God universe in six days protects and governs all things which he and rested on the has made. seventh day. ○ God the Creator is not like a watchmaker or an architect, who, Second (Genesis 2:4 - 25) after doing his work, leaves it Account: Emphasizes God’s alone. Yahwist relationship to all ○ God not only gives us existence human beings but sustains us at every moment. represented by Adam and Eve. GENESIS FIRST ACCOUNT OF CREATION ★ gignesthai – “to be born”; “origin” ★ The first book of the Jewish and Christian 7 Days of God’s Creation Scriptures. On the nth day, God created the: ★ Two accounts of Creation 1. Light ★ means “to be born”; “origin” 2. Waters up and down ★ It is the first book of the Jewish and 3. Land Christian Scriptures. 4. Sun, Moon, and Stars ★ It does not give scientific 5. Animals and Plants explanations on the origin of the 6. Human beings world. 7. Rest ★ It uses the literary form of First Account of Creations religious myth to speak about reality. 1. God is the origin of everything, especially that of life. Facts ≠ Truths 2. Creation is orderly and good. The Bible does not rely on the facts, but on the truths. 3. Humankind is the summit of God’s Creation. In genesis, we should only focus on the truths. 4. Humans are stewards over all The book of Genesis provides us with two accounts of Creation. creation. 5. Human Sexuality and Procreation GENESIS: Two accounts of creation. belong to the Divine Order of Creation. First Account: (Genesis 1:1 - 2:3) Priestly Gives us a description 6. Rest is Godly. of how God created the 7  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 - It means that the woman will protect the SECOND ACCOUNT OF CREATION heart of man and vice versa. 1. We are connected to earth. Adamah: “earth”, “soil”, “land” 6.) Human love and marriage are divinely ordered. 2. The human being is both body and soul. The Human Person: IMAGO DEI (Gen. 1:26-28) 3. Eden is the original locale of human beings. Eden: “pleasure”, “delight” (hebrew) “A royal garden” (persian) 4. Humans have the vocation and care and THE PERSON cultivate the world. Body: 5. Man and woman complement each other. material composition of the person. It is 6. Human love and marriage are divinely corruptible ordered. Soul: principle of vivification. It is immortal Second Account Yahwist Account After death, the soul separates from the Genesis 2:4-25 body and will go back to God, the Creator. Emphasizes God’s relationship to all human beings represented by Adam and Eve. THE ELEMENTS OF HUMAN SOUL The Creation of Human Beings Second Account of Creation APPETITIVE 1.) We are connected to Earth responsible for perception, imagination, ADAMAH: “Earth,” “Soil,” “Land” and movement, and so is present in other animals too, but not in plants. This sort of 2.) The Human Being is both body and soul. soul lacks reason but, unlike the vegetative, can be influenced by it. 3.) Eden is the original locale of human beings EDEN: (Hebrew) meaning “pleasure” / “delight” VEGETATIVE - (Persian) “a royal garden” responsible for nutrition and growth, and 4.) Humans have the vocation to care and which is also found in plants and other cultivate the world. animals. 5.) Man and woman complement each other. RATIONAL - God created woman from the rib of Adam. further divided into the scientific element, which enables us to contemplate or 8  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 engage in theoretical activity, and the The irrevocable character of their choice calculative or deliberative element, which made their sin unforgivable. enables us to engage in practical or - political activity. It is only the Human Person who CHALLENGING VIEWS ON GOD AS A possesses the rational capacity that CREATOR makes him/her free. Atheism Total rejection of the existence of God. THE DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON Materialism Others reject any John Paul II, Redemptor Hominis 10 transcendent origin for the world, but see it as “Man cannot live without love. He remains a merely being that is incomprehensible for himself, his life the interplay of matter is senseless, if love is not revealed to him, if he that has always does not encounter love, if he does not existed. experience it and make it his own, if he does not participate intimately in it.” Deism Some admit that the “ANGELOS” - messenger world was made by Angels don’t have bodies unlike us human beings. God, but as by a watchmaker who, once They are personal, free, and spiritual he has made a watch, beings who do not have a body like ours. abandons it to itself. Angels play a major role in the history of God’s dealing with human beings. Gnosticism The world (at least the God placed over each of us a Guardian physical world) is evil, Angel under whose protection and the product of a fall, vigilance we may be enabled to escape and is thus to be the snares of our enemy. rejected or left behind. War broke out in heaven; Michael and his angels battled against the dragon. The Dualism/ Others have affirmed Manichaeism the existence of two dragon and its angels fought back, but they did not prevail and there was no eternal principles, longer any place for them in heaven. (Rv. Good and Evil, Light 12:7-8) and Darkness, locked in permanent conflict. Devil came from the word “diabolos” meaning “to divide”. Pantheism Everything is God, that the world is God, or The fallen angels were naturally good but that the development became evil by their own doing. of the world is the development of God. 9  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 desire when they were in a THE FALL OF MAN state of holiness ★ Angels are spiritual beings who are Immortality Freedom from death. - Adam and Eve corporeal. will still be alive. ★ Angels are the messengers of God for - They men experienced physical and ★ They are created by God so they have a spiritual death. beginning but no end. - Spiritual Death: ○ God cannot destroy them because death after no it is against goodness. communion ○ Angels have freedom, intellect and with God. will. Impossibility Immunity from all ★ The main difference between a man and suffering. angels is that they are spiritual and their - No injuries, decisions have finality. wounds, childbearing, or ★ fallen angels, also called demons or devils physical ★ lucifer, means bearer of life suffering. ★ St. Michael, the defender of God Infused with Education is ★ State of Original Justice: can be summed knowledge unnecessary. by 4 pre natural gifts - Have innate FOUR PRE-NATURAL GIFTS ideas and all-knowing. Integrity Freedom from irregular - Godliness is desires. already present - We are naked in us and when God everything is created us. lost. - We knew we were naked after they ate ○ The nature of men is copusicence the fruit. or inclination toward sin so we are - They did not prone to sinning. Sin is an offense feel irregular against the love of God. 10  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 ○ There is a tendency for us to ○ it is an allusion to Jesus and Mary. choose sin over God. PROTOEVANGELIUM 2 PERSONAL SINS: MORTAL AND VENIAL ★ Proto — first; Evangelium — gospel ★ There is already the first Gospel. ★ Mortal Sin ★ First announcement of Redemption ○ Mortal sins can be removed through the Victory of the Woman and her through the Sacrament of offspring. Confession. ○ Mary was conceived without ○ have three conditions and we cut original sin and did not commit our relationship with God. any personal sin during her earthly 1. grade matter life hence she was never under the 2. full knowledge dominion of Satan. 3. full consent ○ December 8: Feast of the Immaculate Conception. ★ Social Sin ○ The teaching about Mary’s ○ joined others to directly Immaculate Conception has been participate in sin. declared a dogma by Pope Pius IX ○ not only limited to us but also in the Papa Bull Ineffabilis Deus. affects other people. ★ Mary was called as the New Eve. So Jesus will be called as the New Adam. ★ If Eve disobeyed, the new Eve obeyed and INTRINSICALLY EVIL ACTS cooperated with the salvation of man. ★ “This is my Son, Jesus, Jesus your savior, go listen and obey him? ★ Murder regardless of intention, adultery, prostitution, watching pornography, human trafficking, deprivation of goods. ★ We must strive to remain in the grace of THE MYSTERY OF THE INCARNATION God. ★ We experienced the fall of man and some ★ The Mystery and the Dogma of the Word say it is a happy fall. ○ After our fall, God promises to made flesh. send us a redeemer. ★ Incarnation: in + caro “flesh” ○ Protoevangelium shows us that ★ And the word was made flesh and dwelt God always had the plan of salvation in mind, and informed us among us (John 1:14) of His plan as soon as sin entered ★ Begotten not made, consubstantial with the world. the Father.. And by the Holy Spirit, was 11  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 incarnate of the Virgin Mary and became ○ All-knowing and ever-present. man (NIcene Creed). ★ Our Goal ○During incarnation, the Son, the Logos, took the form of a man in a WHY DID GOD BECAME MAN? particular time, space, and culture. He was named Jesus, meaning “God saves”. ★ To partake in God’s divine nature. ★ Communion ○ Eternal friendship with the HOly ○ Has complete human intellect and Trinity is possible through Jesus’ will. Human will submits to the redemptive work. divine will. ★ For Jesus Christ to be humanity’s model ○ Has beatific, infused, and of holiness. experimental knowledge ○ He expressed in action, suffering, ★ Properties and prayer what it means to be ○ Two natures of Christ: 100% true “truly alive”. God is easier to follow God and 100% true man through Jesus. ○ Unless Jesus was truly God, He ★ For God’s love to be known to could not redeem us from sin and humankind. death. ○ If God did not love us, He would ○ Unless Jesus was truly man, he not give any value. We would not could not save us know how much we mean to God. ○ That is why he is 100% God and ★ For our “salvation” and “reconciliation” 100% man. with God. ★ Hypostatic Union ○ The Logos became part of his ○ Integrity and property of each work. He shared the human nature remain condition of life and death and ○ United but not mixed healed it from the inside. If he ○ Distinct but not separated pretended to be human, he could not represent us before God. THE CHRISTOLOGICAL COUNCILS THE HYPOSTATIC UNION ★ Heresies (false or erroneous teachings) ★ Christological Councils — they are ★ The mysterious personal union of divinity teachings that are erroneous to the and humanity in one rational subject. persona of Christ ★ In the beginning: ○ Christological heresies: arianism, ○ The son eternally exists with the nestorianism, monophysitism. God the Father and the Holy Spirit, ○ Has infinite and unsurpassed will. 12  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 HERESIES ➔ Homousios: Jesus is God, St. Athanasius Arianism ➔ There was a time when and Hilary (Jesus is a he was not divine. demi-God) ➔ Jesus is like God but Ephesus ➔ Hypostatic Union — not God. His substance Theotokos: There two is “like” or “similar” to natures, human and the Father’s divine, in the body of homoiousios, but not Jesus; they are in union the same. and work together ◆ Jesus was just a ➔ The incarnation did not creature diminish the Son’s created by God. divine nature. Hence, divinity and humanity Nestorianism ➔ The human nature of are distinct but not Jesus must have its separated in the one own subject. Hence, divine Person of Christ. there are two persons By extension, Mary in of Christ. Theotoko’s ➔ By extension, Mary is “God-Bearer”. only Chistorokos or ➔ Sta. Cyril and John of Christ-bearer. Antioch Monophysitis ➔ A human-divine nature Council of ➔ The incarnation did not m existed during the Chalcedon diminish the son’s incarnation. human nature. ➔ Divinity and humanity are united but unmixed in the one divine COUNCILS person of Jesus Christ Nicea ➔ Took place in Nicea to battle Arianism. ◆ “Begotten not LESSONS FROM THE NATIVITY SCENE made, consubstantial ★ Poverty and Humility with the Father”, “Like ○ That through poverty, God may from like, God emphasize humility more. Mystics from God”. to whom the Blessed Mother appeared (like Sts. Bernard and Peter Damian) often said that the Lord chose a lowly and humble life 13  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 to teach and demonstrate the 4. Jesus spent 30 years preparing for his radical message of the Kingdom of public ministry in obedience of his God. parents. ○ The shepherds recognized the a. That obedience is natural for Savior’s majesty in poverty. HIs Jesus. That is why Jesus remained birth exalts the humble while the obedient to her father. arrogant ones are put to shame. 5. By this, he counters the pride and disobedience of Adam and Eve to God, our Father. LESSONS FROM THE HOLY FAMILY OF 6. The special duty of parents as “God’s NAZARETH vice-regents” is to mold the child into obedience. ★ The Holy Family became Jesus’ training ground. HOLY FAMILY AS A TRAINING GROUND FOR ○ Composed of Jesus, Mary and VOCATION AND MISSION Joseph. ○ Although Mary and Joseph’s faith is in the process of journeying, ★ Lesson from St. Joseph during Infancy they provided an environment for and Early life of Jesus the child Jesus to prepare for his ○ A discerning follower of God and public ministry. his Law ★ They take after the Holy Trinity’s ○ He was about to divorce Mary until “communion of love” the angel commanded not to do it ○ God is the center of the loving in a dream. relationship, literally and ○ He has Jesus circumcised on the figuratively. 8th day of his birth. Jesus becomes part of the Jewish community. THE HOLY FAMILY AS A BUILDER OF ○ Listened to the angel’s command COMMUNION to stay in Egypt temporarily to escape the massacre of the infant at Judea. ★ Lessons from the Holy Family Dynamics ★ Lessons from the Blessed Virgin Mary 1. The pride and disobedience of Adam and during the Infancy and Early Life of Eve destroyed all forms of communion. Jesus. 2. The Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and ○ She said her unwavering yes to Joseph reveals and realizes communion divine motherhood. through humility and obedience. ○ When Jesus was 12, he was 3. The recorded acts of Jesus’ childhood and presented to her temple as a sign youth are acts of obedience. The special that he was handed over to God. duty of children is to honor their parents. 14  FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 12HA-18 | FIRST QUARTER | M.CABRAL 2024 ○ “Do whatever he tells you.” — She was instrumental in the first in the first nature miracle of Jesus. ★ The Child Jesus as our Model to Holiness, Vocation, and Mission ○ There was but one, the Son of God who wished to be the Son of Man, that he might be a humble servant, and obey a man and woman as their servant. He was subject to them. — St. Peter of Chrysologus ○ Application: Human and experimental knowledge: Obedience to the Law of Nature. Mental Maturity: Obedience to Parents Spiritual Maturity: Obedience to the will of the Father. 15