1A- Introduction.pptx

Animal Science  What is animal industry? all the activities in producing animals and their products or benefits to meet the needs of people.  What is animal science? Animal science is involved with the study of domestic animals that are under the control of humankind, such as...

Animal Science  What is animal industry? all the activities in producing animals and their products or benefits to meet the needs of people.  What is animal science? Animal science is involved with the study of domestic animals that are under the control of humankind, such as livestock, to understand the biological processes by which animals grow.  What is animal husbandry? Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding, and the raising of livestock.  What is animal husbandry? Those working in the field of animal science will apply the principles of biological, physical and social sciences to the issues associated with livestock production and management.  Pre-test link Man, Animal and Ecosystem Meat is an important source of nutrition for many people around the world. Global demand for meat is growing: over the past 50 years, meat production has more than tripled. The world now produces more than 340 million tonnes each year.  Environmental impacts 1. increasing greenhouse gas emissions, 2. agricultural land 3. freshwater use.  Three constraints to improve animal production 1. Ecological factors land topography; soil fertilty; temperature; relative humidity; plant growing season 2. Biological Factors feed and water supply; animal diseases; genotype 3. Socio-economic factors supply and demand relationship; input-output ratio; prices; religion; culture and tradition; politics  Environmental Influences on Animal Production 1. Feed supply -seasonality of feeds - irrigation water shortage or limited rainfall may affect plant growth and development 2. Light - influences hair growth longer day length-shorter hair longer night length-longer hair  Environmental Influences on Animal Production 3. Rainfall and Humidity -when rainfall is heavy and humidity is high, pasture grows faster and its nutritive value becomes less due to more cellulose in roughage resulting to small size grazing animals -adequate rainfall,air temperature is low and water evaporation is limited, grasses will contain smaller proportion of cellulose resulting in faster growth of animals than those grazing in hot humid areas  Environmental Influences on Animal Production 4. Temperature - affects growth and reproduction efficiency of animals at higher temperature Temperature also affects the absolute size of an animal and the relative properties of various body parts (Bergman's rule). Birds and mammals, for example attain a greater body size when they are in cold regions than in warm regions, and colder regions harbour larger species Animals and their Economic Utility  Animal attributes that enhance the ability of an agricultural system to produce food for man 1. animals can feed on and convert plants and other materials which would have otherwise gone to waste, into rich human food 2. animal products have chemical composition that closely resemble man’s dietary requirement and therefore more digestible and nutritious Contributions of livestocks and poultry to agricultural development 1. Good quality protein source 2. Draft power 3.Food reserve- goat, sheep and pigs 4. Capital Accumulation- living bank of reserve capital 5. value added- conversion of forage, industrials wastes and household refusal into high value products ( vermicomposting) 6. Manure-nutrients to plants, fuel, building material 7.Equity- landless farmers who cannot till land for crops 8. risk reduction- price fluctuations of crops can be abated by livestocks sales 9. gross domestic product- food economy 10. export earnings- foreign exchange when domestic production exceeds domestic demands Animal Agriculture and the Human Population By 2021, it was forecasted that pork would be the most consumed type of meat in the Philippines at approximately 15 kilograms per person per annum.  animal science and animal industry advances in electronics and other science and technologies computerized feeding, feed formulation, record keeping, matching of right cow to right bull and environmentally controlled housing Inventory of the Philippine Livestock and Poultry  Swine industry Total swine inventory as of 31 March 2022 grew to 9.68 million heads or an increase of 1.2 percent from 9.56 million heads in the same period last year. Population of swine in commercial farms expanded by 5.4 percent, while stocks in backyard farms declined by -0.4 percent. Backyard farms accounted for 70.3 percent of the total swine inventory, while commercial farms comprised the remaining 29.7 percent. – Western Visayas reported the highest swine population of 1.16 million heads followed by Central Visayas and CALABARZON with 1.10 million heads each.  Cattle industry As of 31 March 2022, the total cattle inventory was estimated at 2.54 million heads. About 13.0 percent of cattle population was recorded in Central Visayas, followed by CALABARZON with 10.2 percent share and Ilocos Region with 9.9 percent share. These three regions accounted for 33.1 percent of the country’s total cattle population.  Carabao industry As of 31 March 2022, the country’s carabao inventory was estimated at 2.78 million heads. About 11.8 percent of the total carabao population was recorded in Bicol Region, followed by Western Visayas with 9.8 percent share and Central Luzon with 8.7 percent share. These three regions accounted for 30.3 percent of the country’s total carabao inventory  Dairy industry As of January 1, 2016, the total dairy animal population was 44,432 heads. This was 6.34 percent higher than last year’s headcount. Dairy cattle stocks grew by 8.95 percent. Dairy carabao and dairy goat population went up by 2.91 percent and 6.75 percent respectively.  Goat industry As of 31 March 2022, the country’s total goat inventory was estimated at 3.91 million heads. About 14.8 percent of the goat population was recorded in Central Visayas, followed by Western Visayas with 13.0 percent and Ilocos Region with 11.6 percent. These three regions accounted for 39.4 percent of the country’s total goat inventory.  Chicken industry As of 31 March 2022, the total chicken inventory was estimated at 187.66 million birds. This was 2.4 percent higher compared with the previous year’s same period inventory of 183.27 million birds. Inventory of broiler chicken and layer chicken grew by 10.7 percent and 0.5 percent, respectively. On the other hand, native/improved chicken population declined by -2.3 percent. Of the total chicken population, native/improved chicken accounted for 43.0 percent, followed by broiler chicken with 33.7 percent share and layer chicken with 23.3 percent share.  Chicken industry Central Luzon reported the highest total chicken population of 33.92 million birds during the period. This was followed by CALABARZON and Northern Mindanao with corresponding inventories of 25.49 million birds and 21.99 million birds. These three regions accounted for 43.4 percent of the total chicken inventory in the country.  Chicken industry Western Visayas had the highest inventory of native/improved chicken with 13.52 million birds. Broiler chicken inventory was highest in Central Luzon with 17.55 million birds, while CALABARZON shared the highest inventory of layer chicken with 15.35 million birds.  Duck industry As of 31 March 2022, the total duck laying flock inventory was estimated at 6.69 million birds. About 43.8 percent of duck laying flock population was recorded in Central Luzon, followed by Western Visayas with 8.9 percent share and SOCCSKSARGEN with 8.0 percent share. These three regions accounted for 60.7 percent of the total laying flock inventory in the country.  Duck industry rank as 2nd to chicken in terms of eggs and meat production. it is the most versatile among the avian species bec duck can subsist under a wide range of climatic and nutritional conditions balut or penoy salted eggs century eggs  Career Opportunities in Animal Science Animal Production & Management (Farm manager) Food Processing (Inspector) Animal Feed / Environmental / Health Industries (Sales Representative, Communications and Service Organizations (Agriculture Journalist Research (Research Scientist, Research Associate, Senior Scientist) Education and Public Service (Animal Science Professor