Lily- Lilium sp. PDF

Lily- Lilium sp. Oriental And Asiatic Lilies  Botanical Name: (Lilium spp) Common English Name: Oriental lily, Asiatic Lily, colored lily, hybrid lily. Family: Liliaceae Origin and Distribution of Lilium Species: Most species are native to Asia (50 to 60 species), with smaller numbers n...

Lily- Lilium sp. Oriental And Asiatic Lilies  Botanical Name: (Lilium spp) Common English Name: Oriental lily, Asiatic Lily, colored lily, hybrid lily. Family: Liliaceae Origin and Distribution of Lilium Species: Most species are native to Asia (50 to 60 species), with smaller numbers native to Europe (12 species), North America (24 species). Other important lilies include the Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum. Lilies are tall perennials ranging in height from (60–180 cm). They form naked or (non-tunicate) scaly underground true bulbs. Lily Bulb Bulb type: scaly true bulb Oriental vs. Asiatic Lily Important characteristics of Oriental lilium Derived from species Lilium aurantium, L. speciosum and L. rubellum. The plants are considerably taller than Asiatic lilies. These are late flowering lilies. Flowers are mostly white and pink. Flowers are mostly fragrant. The flowers tend to be outward facing. The flowers may be quite large Leaves are broader and almost parallel to ground Bulbs are large 16-22 cm. Important characteristics of Asiatic lilium Derived from hybridization of 12 species viz., Lilium amabile, L. bulbiferum, L. concolor, L. dauricum, L. davidii, L. hollandicum, L. maculatum, L. leichtlinii, L. pumilum and L. tigrinum. These have extended range of flowering period. Flower color varies from orange, red, yellow, etc. Flowers are mostly odorless. The are plants are short to medium sized. The flowers are upright or outward facing Leaves are narrow and upward growing. Bulbs are small 10-16 cm.  Connecticut King Important cultivars of Lilium for export Asiatic: Connecticut King, Elite, Pollyana, Prato, Solemio, Cordellia, Grand Paradise, Brunellow, Dream Land, Mercedes, Novcento, etc. StarGazer Oriental: Casablanca StarGazer, and Macropolo. Other lily species Tiger Lilies (Lilium Lancifolium or Lilium Tigrinum) command our attention with their bright and showy, orange-colored flowers covered with black or deep crimson spots, giving the appearance of the skin of the tiger, hence their common name. Native of China and Japan, they are robust and easy to grow. Amazingly decorative, Tiger Lilies feature unscented 5 inch blossoms (12 cm), mostly downward facing with gracefully recurved petals. Prolific, mature bulbs can produce up to 12 blossoms per stem and will multiply to form clumps over the years.  Martagon lily Lilium martagon (martagon lily or Turk's cap lily) is a Eurasian species of lily. It has a widespread native region extending from Portugal east through Europe and Asia as far east as Mongolia. Amazingly decorative and easy to grow, Martagon Lilies feature bountiful 2-4 inch blossoms (5-10 cm), mostly downward facing with strongly recurved and resembling a Turk's cap (hence their common name). Yellow, pink, lavender, light orange, deep dark red and white are the colors most frequently seen and are often accompanied by whimsical speckles and freckles. There is a form of the species called Lilium Martagon 'Album' that is a pure spotless white.  Uses of Lilium As garden perennial for summer color. As field or greenhouse cut flowers. As potted flowering plant. In Cooking: Lilies have played a major role in Asian, Middle Eastern and Western cuisine over time, Dried lily buds, referred to as "golden needles" in Asian cookery, are often yellow in color and offer an earthy, musky taste. As Medicine: an effective diuretic or laxative, and the flowers and roots of most lilies have been used to treat spider bites. Cut flowers and potted plants are grown for specific holiday or for regular year-round production Which Lilium are preferred by most of consumers? Those cultivars which do not stain clothes and table with their pollen. Cultivars like Tiara (pink single), Aphrodite (pink double) and sphinx (red double). Propagation of Lilium 1. Seeds (plants raised are free from viral diseases)(plants take a longer time to bloom) 2. Bulblets 3. Scales 4. Bulbils (L. bulbiferum, L. sargentiae, L. tigrinum and L. wallichianum) The difference between bulblet and bulbil is that bulblet is (botany) a small bulb, either produced on a larger bulb or on some aerial part of a plant while bulbil is (botany) a bulb-shaped bud in the place of a flower or in a leaf axil Ideal soil or growing medium for lily Soil which is well drained and very rich in organic matter having pH 6.5-7.5 Adequate growing medium is soil: peatmoss:: 1:1 or soil: peat moss: perlite:: one part each. Ideal Climatic requirements for lily Temperature (Day: 18-25 C and Night: 12-18 C) Partial shade (40-50%) Good aeration/ ventilation Planting Time fall (Oct.-Nov.)is an excellent time to plant Asiatic, Oriental, and other garden lilies. Or in early Spring Lilies prefer cool soil (below 16 C) to root properly. planting in warm soil will lead to weak plants and smaller flowers. Optimum Planting Density in lilium Planting density and spacing depends upon group of Lilium, bulb size and place of cultivation. In open planting density is 20-40 bulbs/m2 and spacing is 40 x 15 cm. Nutrition schedule for Lilium NPK:: 30: 20: 20 g/m2 for liquid feeding of NPK :14 : 10: 14. Weeding in Lilium Three-four hand weeding Propyzamide @ 2.25kg/ha chloropham 3.5 l/ha as pre-emergence. Important diseases of Lilium Gray mould (Botrytis elliptica, B. cinerea) Soft bulb rot (Rhizopus stolonifer) Fusarium bulb rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. lilii) Brown scale (Colletotrichum lilii) Root rot (Pythium splendens) Bacterial soft rot (Pseudomonas spp.) Viral diseases (mosaic) Important insect-pests of Lilium Aphids Thrips White flies Mites Important disorders of Lilium Leaf scorch ( Due to deficiency of Mn, which occur at over dose of nitrate level and add lime @ 10 ton/ha) Bud blast ( Due to storage of water at top of plant, competition for nutrients, fluctuating carbohydrate level, low light intensity and high nitrate level) Puffy foliage (Due to frost injury and stunting of plants) Stage of harvesting Lilium flowers Local market: When 1-2 florets open Distant market: When 1-2 florets show color. Store flowers at 1-2 C Cut stems few centimeter above ground level which increases bulb size. Harvesting of Lilium bulbs After 40-50 days of flowering Foliage start turning yellow. Store bulbs in moist sand at -2 C for initial three weeks and later on at 0-2 C. In hilly areas, bulbs can be stored in moist moss/ saw dust and sand.