PHTY146 An Introduction to the Human Central Nervous System 2024/25 PDF

PHTY146 2025 PHTY 146 An Introduction to The Human Central Nervous System Emily Grant...

PHTY146 2025 PHTY 146 An Introduction to The Human Central Nervous System Emily Grant [email protected] 1 PHTY146 - Module Aims Develop anatomical and physiological knowledge of the normal structure and function of the human nervous system Develop assessment skills of the nervous system Primary focus on sensorimotor function (sensation & movement) Emily Grant – Division Emily of Physiotherapy Grant - Directorate of Physiotherapy 2 1 PHTY146 2025 Sensory neurones Sensory neurons transmit information from internal transmit information from sense organs and feed-back to the CNS organs and feed-back to the CNS Sympathetic Division Prepares the body for emergencies Autonomic Somatic Nervous System Nervous System Regulating the Central Enables us to interact internal Nervous System with the external environment environment Parasympathetic Division Regulates the body during non-emergencies Motor neurones Motor neurones transmit signals from the CNS to transmit signals from the CNS to innervate internal organs and glands innervate muscles (involuntary control) (voluntary & automatic control) 3 The peripheral nervous system (PNS) carries information to and from the central nervous system (CNS) What structures make up the PNS? What structures make up the CNS? 4 2 PHTY146 2025 Nervous System Pathology Vascular Cortex & Subcortical Structures Infection Spinal Cord Trauma Peripheral Nerves Genetic Neuromuscular Junction Degenerative Muscle Metabolic & Endocrine Mitochondrial https://youtu.be/jy1IFJbMLF8 https://youtu.be/aeuDfCMVdq8 https://youtu.be/k4kXGGrK6bk https://youtu.be/k4kXGGrK6bk Emily Grant – Division Emily of Physiotherapy Grant - Directorate of Physiotherapy 5 Neurological Symptoms Secondary problems: Primary impairments: Muscle weakness Soft tissue shortening Sensory disturbance Joint Malalignment Abnormal muscle tone Balance deficits Vestibular dysfunction Muscle weakness Visual dysfunction Behavioural deficit Cognitive dysfunction Tremor Bradykinesia Functional Limitations Ataxia Reduced mobility Pain Reduced exercise tolerance UL dysfunction Reduced Independence Occupational Performance? Quality of life? Life expectancy? 6 3 PHTY146 2025 PHTY146 - Module Focus Develop anatomical and physiological knowledge of the normal structure and function of the human nervous system Develop assessment skills of the nervous system Level 4 (certificate level) = KNOWLEDGE & COMPREHENSION Knowledge of normal anatomy and physiology required to underpin pathology and rehab in year 2 Emily Grant – Division Emily of Physiotherapy Grant - Directorate of Physiotherapy 7 Level 4 (certificate level) Remember & Understand Emily Grant – Division Emily of Physiotherapy Grant - Directorate of Physiotherapy 8 4 PHTY146 2025 PHTY146 - Module Structure ▪ Weekly contact on a Thursday AM (90 mins) 09.00-10.30 or 11.00-12.30 (groups swap start time after week 7) ▪ Introducing a new topic each week Building on learning achieved in the previous week ▪ Discussion based tutorials Task sheets structured around learning outcomes & case-based learning ▪ Preparation Directed study - pre-recorded mini-lecture (c.20 mins) plus reading ▪ Formative assessment 2 timetabled sessions plus additional MCQ practice Emily Grant – Division Emily of Physiotherapy Grant - Directorate of Physiotherapy 9 Reading List & Resources Felten, D.L., O’Banion, M.K. and Maida, M.S. (2016) Netter’s Atlas of Neuroscience. 3rd edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. £47 new Tortora, G.J. and Derrickson, B.H. (2017) Tortora’s Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 15th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. £51 new Crossman, A.R. and Neary, D. (2018) Neuroanatomy: an Illustrated Colour Text. 6th edition. Elsevier ISBN: 978-0702074622 c. £30-35 new Emily Grant – Division Emily of Physiotherapy Grant - Directorate of Physiotherapy 10 5 PHTY146 2025 PHTY146 Module Assessment All 5 module learning outcomes are assessed via 1 element of assessment: 90 min Unseen Examination (multiple choice and short answer questions) ▪ The pass mark is 40% Students must pass this module to progress to level 5 BUT grade does NOT contribute to degree classification ▪ Paper consists of 30 MEQ's and 3 SAQ s The full range of the syllabus will be examined ▪ The exam will be scheduled within the Sem 2 assessment period. Resit opportunity in the August re-sit period ▪ Sample questions available for formative practice Emily Grant – Division Emily of Physiotherapy Grant - Directorate of Physiotherapy 11 Cerebral Cortex Thalamus Basal Ganglia Cerebellum Brain Stem Spinal Cord Sensory Receptors 12 6 PHTY146 2025 Peripheral Nervous System (Revision) Can you label this diagram? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 13 Surface Anatomy Spinal Cord Brain 14 7 PHTY146 2025 Gross Internal Anatomy Grey & White Matter Emily Grant – Division Emily of Physiotherapy Grant - Directorate of Physiotherapy 15 16 8 PHTY146 2025 The Brain (cerebrum / cerebral hemispheres) 17 9