Fruit Lab Students PDF

# BIOL2309 Fruits ## Flower to Fruit - A mature plant produces a flower. - Pollination and fertilization take place. - Each ovule within the ovary contains a fertilized egg. - The ovary becomes the fruit.\ - The fertilized ovules become the seeds. \ - Petals and stamens fall away. - Seeds are d...

# BIOL2309 Fruits ## Flower to Fruit - A mature plant produces a flower. - Pollination and fertilization take place. - Each ovule within the ovary contains a fertilized egg. - The ovary becomes the fruit.\ - The fertilized ovules become the seeds. \ - Petals and stamens fall away. - Seeds are dispersed. - Each seed contains a plant embryo.\ - If a seed sprouts, it will become a new plant. ## Simple Fruit - Cucumber - Female flower will develop into the fruit after fertilization. - Prickly inferior ovary, which is the future cucumber. ## Simple Fruit - Sunflower - Forms small, one-seeded simple fruits with dried-out pericarps. - The three pericarp layers are not distinguishable. ## Dry vs. Fleshy Fruits - **Dry fruits** are: - Dehiscent fruits: - Silique - Capsule - Follicle - Pod - Indehiscent fruits: - Achene - Caryopsis - Samara - Nut - **Fleshy Fruits** are: - Berry (e.g. tomato): - Drupe (e.g. plum): ## Food Fact: - Flip the bell peppers over to check their gender. - The ones with 4 bumps are female and those with three bumps are male. - Female peppers are full of seeds, but sweet and better for eating raw and the males are better for cooking. ## Apple Structure - **Apple Flower** - Stigma - Style - Petal - Sepal - Ovule - Stamen - Ovary (in receptacle) - **Apple Fruit** - Remains of stamens and styles - Sepals - Seed - Receptacle ## Dichotomous Key for Common Fruit | # | Description | Fruit | |---|---|---| | 1 | Fruit from one ovary of one flower | Simple Fruit | | 1 | Fruit from more than one ovary, or more than one flower | | | 2 | Fleshy at maturity | | | 2 | Dry at maturity | | | 3 | Single large hard seed, a "stone" fruit | Drupe | | 3 | More than one seed, seed not enlarged and hardened | | | 4 | Seeds in a single linear order, separating from ovary wall, forming a pod | Legume | | 4 | Seeds not in a single linear order | | | 5 | Inner layer of ovary (endocarp) papery, forming a core | Pome | | 5 | Endocarp fleshy | | | 6 | Outer layer (exocarp) thin, easily peeled off, not leathery | Berry | | 6 | Exocarp thickened and leathery (modified berries) | | | 7 | Divided into sections w/cross-walls, citrus | Hesperidium | | 7 | Interior not divided, exocarp a rind | Pepo | | 8 | Dehiscent (splits open at maturity), usually many seeds | | | 8 | Indehiscent (does not split open), usually one seeded | | | 9 | Derived from a pistil with one chamber (locule) | | | 9 | Derived from a pistil with more than one locule | | | 10 | Dehiscent along one side (suture) | Follicle | | 10 | Dehiscent along two sutures | Legume | | 11 | From two locules, separating at maturity | Silique | | 11 | From more than two locules, or lid-like top | Capsule | | 12 | Ovary wall extends to form a wing | Samara | | 12 | Fruit not winged | | | 13 | With many seeds in single linear order forming a pod | Legume | | 13 | Fruit with one seed, or not in single linear order | | | 14 | Outer wall not especially thick or hard, fruit small | | | 14 | Outer wall hardened, fruit relatively large | | | 15 | Seed not tightly attached to ovary wall | Achene | | 15 | Seed fused to ovary, grains | Caryopsis | | 16 | Ovary hard throughout | Nut | | 16 | Middle of ovary fibrous, seed hardened | Drupe | | 17 | Derived from many ovaries of one flower | Aggregate Fruit | | 17 | From many ovaries of more than one flower | Multiple Fruit | ## Fleshy Fruit Structure - **Simple Fruit:** - Formed from 1 ovary of 1 flower - Many types of simple fruits (Most are berries) - i.e. a tomato is a berry - **Aggregate Fruit:** - Formed from many ovaries on 1 flower - E.g. blackberry, raspberry - **Multiple Fruit:** - Many ovaries of more than one flower - E.g. Pineapple ## Berries - **A) FLESHY FRUITS: BERRY (Special Berries)** - Hesperidium - Pepo - Pome ## Banana Propagation - Shows a picture of a banana plantation and a banana plant growing from the ground. ## Strawberry is not an aggregate fruit - This accessory "fruit" is actually an enlarged receptacle. - "seed" is really a simple fruit ## Dry Fruits vs. Fleshy Fruits - This diagram shows different forms of dry and fleshy fruits. ## Diagram of Different Types of Dry Fruit Types - This diagram shows different dehiscent and indehiscent dry fruit types. ## Activity 3: Fruit Lab - Work with a partner to complete Activity 3.