KINS 1110 Midterm Exam PDF

KINS 1110 MIDTERM EXAM The midterm exam is assessing your understanding of the anatomy of the skeleton and the function of that anatomy. (bones, bony landmarks, joints, ligaments, peri-articular structures, etc.). You will need to identify structures on the ex...

KINS 1110 MIDTERM EXAM The midterm exam is assessing your understanding of the anatomy of the skeleton and the function of that anatomy. (bones, bony landmarks, joints, ligaments, peri-articular structures, etc.). You will need to identify structures on the exam but keep in mind the cumulative lab exam at the end of the course is ~60 images that assess your ability to look at a picture and correctly identify and spell the anatomical name of the structure displayed (more details in the Lab Exam document). When you begin studying, start with identifying all the structures and use your anatomical terminology. Practicing finding & labelling the structures for the lab exam at the end of term needs to start now anyways and being comfortable with “where things are” will help immensely on this exam. It’s hard to answer a question about function if you are struggling with what the structure is or where it is. Study well for this exam and you’ll set yourself so well for the lab exam. Many questions use terms like superior, inferior, proximal, distal, anterior, posterior, medial & lateral. It’s important you feel comfortable using these terms. THINGS TO FOCUS ON. Bony landmarks. Focus on which landmarks belong to which bone and where on that bone you find them – in other words, be able to describe the location of bony landmarks using directional terminology – this terminology is integrated into the questions, so you must be comfortable using it (proximal vs distal, medial vs lateral, anterior vs posterior, etc.) § Examples: the olecranon is on the posterior, proximal ulna; Gerdy’s tubercle is on the anterolateral, proximal tibia. § Sample question: Which of the following structures is located on the dorsal, distal radius? o Note bony features with a function associated with them. Examples: § Foramina that allow passage for vessels/nerves (i.e., jugular foramen, transverse foramina, foramen magnum) § Tubercles & processes that are attachment sites for ligaments (i.e., conoid tubercle, malleoli, intercondylar fossa, etc.) § Larger processes that are important for palpation (i.e., vertebra prominens, mastoid process, medial epicondyle, etc.) o Note bony features that appear on multiple bones or are similar in name so you don’t get confused. § Example: Radial tuberosity and radial tubercle are on the radius, but the radial notch is on the ulna. § Example: the styloid process exists on the radius, ulna, and temporal bones. o Look for patterns to help remember things. § Example: The head of radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna and the head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch of the radius (both forming radioulnar joints). Joints. Joints are a focus for this exam. o Functional & Structural Joint Classifications. o The articulating bones/bony features of a joint (i.e., the head of radius + radial fossa = humeroradial joint) o Lligaments involved in Conditions § Example: Coracoclavicular and Acromioclavicular in Separated Shoulder § Example: Glenohumeral in Anterior Shoulder Dislocation § Example: MCL, Medial Meniscus + ACL in Blown Out Knee o Movements Permitted at Joints: Head, Trunk (Spine), Scapulothoracic, Glenohumeral, Humeroradial/Humeroulnar, Radioulnar, Radiocarpal, Metacarpals, Interphalangeal, Metatarsals, Subtalar, Talocrural, Tibiofemoral, Femoroacetabular, Pelvic Tilt Ligaments. o Be able to identify on an image. o Specific Functions of Ligaments (what movement do they resist): Spinal, Knee (collateral, cruciate), ankle, hip, elbow, wrist. § Visualize the ligament and figure out the movement it resists. Example: The lateral collateral ligament resists varus stresses. § Ligaments are like ‘tape’ – picture where the ‘tape’ is, and what movement would stretch/tension the ’tape.’ If a ligament connects the anterior aspect of both bones of a joint, it isn’t going to resist flexion (which would ‘buckle’ the tape, rather than ‘stretch it’). If vertically oriented tape was on your lateral ankle, what movements would you feel the tape tighten up? § Find similarities. Example: All collateral ligaments resist similar movements. o For ligaments without specific functions, just understand they help stabilize the joint they cross. Don’t worry about palmar fascia, inguinal, or sacrospinous ligament functions either. The flexor retinaculum forms the roof of the carpal tunnel. 202320 Pathophysiology, conditions, and injuries. o Summary table p104 of your lab manual *note this table does not include some items covered in lab handouts. Concepts – foot arches, shoulder stability, etc. Cranial nerves –You must You do not need to identify cranial nerves on an image. o Know the number and name as one of these will be provided in the question, but not both. o Know the functions (except VIII, IX, X) and the cranial foramina they exit the skull out of. Lab handouts – these are where we took the anatomy and integrated it into real-world relevance. Download the originals and try to fill them out again by memory! Great little self-test. FORMAT & DETAILS 75 multiple-choice questions. 105 minutes. Approximately 15 questions per lab topic but there’s cross-over in the questions so this is just a rough estimate. For test integrity, not everyone has the exact same set of questions, but each exam is of the same level of difficulty. EXAMPLE (MULTIPLE-CHOICE) QUESTIONS. 1. This joint is: A synovial planar joint. Allows movement in the spine. 2. Which of the following is not a bony feature of the humerus? 3. This bony feature: Is part of the distal, anterior humerus. Articulates with the head of the radius. 4. This ligament: Is wide. Resists varus of the tibiofemoral joint. Is often injured in a cutting & pivot maneuver in sports. 5. This bone: Is considered a carpal bone. Is palpable on the anterior, medial wrist. Is immediately proximal to the hamate bone. 6. This bone: Is part of the medial longitudinal arch. Articulates with both the 1st metatarsal and the navicular. 7. Which of the following structures is implicated in [insert condition]? 8. Which bone has Lister’s tubercle and the styloid process on its distal end? 9. Which of the following is a movement permitted at the radiocarpal joints? 10. What is the name of the joint formed between the C1 vertebra and the skull called? 11. What is the function (what movement does it resist) of the deltoid ligament? 12. If you had a lumbar disc herniation, which position/movement should you avoid? 13. What is the innervation of the muscle in the image? 14. What is the function of the structure in the image? 15. What is the structure in the image? 16. Which two ligaments create pivot joints? 202320