British Colonization PDF

British Colonization Native Americans before Colonization  British Colonization 1607: Jamestown First successful English settlement ○ Goal: To make money 1620: New England 1620: Pilgrims land on Plymouth Rock (Mass.) ○ Mayflower Compact: early democracy...

British Colonization Native Americans before Colonization  British Colonization 1607: Jamestown First successful English settlement ○ Goal: To make money 1620: New England 1620: Pilgrims land on Plymouth Rock (Mass.) ○ Mayflower Compact: early democracy APEX ○ Goal: Religious Freedom Salem Witch Trials  Early 1700s: There were 13 British colonies in North America  Colonies: New England Colonies: Lots of forests, not much good farming land Larger focus on shipbuilding, fishing, whaling ○ Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire  Colonies: Middle Colonies: Rich soil and mild climate means good farmland Considered the “breadbasket” of the colonies ○ New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania  Colonies: Southern Colonies: Cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo), plantations, enslaved labor ○ Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Tobacco: growing is very labor intensive  The Transatlantic Slave Trade 1500s-1800s: About 10 million Africans were forcibly enslaved and sent to the Americas ○ 388,000 to North America 1619: First enslaved Africans arrived in Jamestown By the 1680s, there was a large colonial dependency on enslaved labor French & Indian War: 1754-1763 Part of the global Seven Years’ War fought between France and England Main Cause: British colonists want to expand into French territory French & Indian War: The Sides France, the England Algonquins, (includes Hurons, and colonists) and Ottowas the Iroquois  French & Indian War France dominates the first 3 years of the war Turning Points: ○ William Pitt makes peace with Native American allies and adopts their fighting strategies ○ British navy wins important battles George Washington, commander of British Forces in the French and Indian War  Ending the French & Indian War Treaty of Paris (1763): British territory expands to the Mississippi River ○ France forced out of North America (for now…) War is expensive!- Britain is in debt ○ Increased taxes on colonies since the war was fought for them