1060W1.Introduction NC.pptx

Welcome to Pharmacology Fundamentals NURS 1060 COURSE OUTCOME  Describeprinciples of safe, patient-centered, evidence- based nursing care to adults at the basic level, guided by the Caritas philosophy.  Explainthe professional, ethical, and legal guidelines u...

Welcome to Pharmacology Fundamentals NURS 1060 COURSE OUTCOME  Describeprinciples of safe, patient-centered, evidence- based nursing care to adults at the basic level, guided by the Caritas philosophy.  Explainthe professional, ethical, and legal guidelines used in nursing practice. COMPETENCY  Describe factors that create a culture of safety related to medication administration.  Identify legal guideline of nursing practice related to medication CONCEPT  Safety:Minimizing risk of human harm through both system effectiveness and individual performance.  Legal issues: Encompasses the rights, responsibilities, and scope of nursing practice as defined by state nurse practice acts and as legislated through criminal and civil law. All clients have a privilege, demand or claim by virtue of law or right (that which is proper or just) to expect competent nursing services. UNIT OUTCOMES  Overview of the syllabus  Define drug, pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, and therapeutics.  Explainthe three most important characteristics of any drug.  Identify the major objective of drug therapy.  Discuss Controlled Substances Act and FDA Amendments Act.  Describe the stages of new drug development. UNIT OUTCOMES  Compare and contrast between generic and trade name products.  Define over-the-counter drugs.  Identifyaccurate sources of drug information.  Discuss commitment to continuous learning related to medications. Pharmacology A science that draws on information from multiple disciplines, including: Anatomy Physiology Psychology Chemistry Microbiolog y Basic Terms to Understand Drug Any chemical that can affect living processes Study of drugs and their interactions with living Pharmacology systems Clinical Study of drugs in humans Pharmacology The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat Therapeutics disease or to prevent pregnancy (A.k.a. pharmacotherapeutics) Therapeutic Objective of Drug Therapy  To provide maximum benefit with minimum harm  Goal is for drugs to help a patient’s problem  Not to make a patient’s problem worse  Not to give the patient new problems  Effectiveness Three Most Important Properties Safety of an Ideal Drug Selectivity   Themost important property a drug can have Effectiveness  Drug elicits the response for which it is given  A drug that cannot produce harmful effects  No such thing as a Safety safe drug  Alldrugs can produce adverse effects  Drugsare poisons – pharmakon   Drug elicits only the response for which it is given  No side effects Selectivity  Allmedications cause side or adverse effects Do you know of any perfect, ideal drugs? All drugs have some adverse effects  Administration Factors That Determine Pharmacokinetics the Intensity of Drug Pharmacodynamics Responses Sources of individual variation   Important determinants of drug Administratio responses: dosage n size, route, timing  Patient adherence   Determining how much of administered dose gets to its sites of action  Impact of the body on drugs Pharmacokineti through the four major pharmacokinetic processes cs  Drug absorption  Drug distribution  Drug metabolism  Drug excretion Pharmacodynami  Impact of drugs on the cs body   Physiologic variables  Age, gender, weight  Pathologic variables  Diminished function of Sources of kidneys and liver Individual  Genetic variables Variation  Can alter metabolism of drugs and predispose patient to unique interactions  Drug interactions Integration Diagram of Factors The Controlled Substances Act  Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 created the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency)  Federal Legislation addressing drug abuse  DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency)  Regulatesthe handling of controlled substances by manufactures, distributors, pharmacist, nurses and physicians The Controlled Substances Act Highest risk for abuse  DEA Schedules I Heroin- Illegal in the USA I through V Approved medical use  Rank Fentanyl, Morphine Abuse Potential II  https://www.dea.gov/drug-infor Ketamine mation/drug-scheduling III Valium, tramadol IV Lower risk for abuse Cough syrup with Codeine V (