Chapter 1 - Emerging Technology In ICT 2024 PDF

Chapter 1: Emerging Technology in Information Communication Technology (ICT) UTM JOHOR BAHRU Objectives ▪ Explain the meaning of Information Technology (IT)? ▪ Explain the history of ICT ▪ Explain the current trend...

Chapter 1: Emerging Technology in Information Communication Technology (ICT) UTM JOHOR BAHRU Objectives ▪ Explain the meaning of Information Technology (IT)? ▪ Explain the history of ICT ▪ Explain the current trend in ICT ▪ Job in IT  What is information Technology (IT) A c t Activity Introduction (15 minutes): i Discuss with your friends v Share their personal experiences with IT. i What devices do they use daily? t How do they communicate, learn, or entertain themselves using y technology? Discussing the importance of information technology in today's world. share with your friend how technology has influenced their lives. 3  What is computer? COMPUTER :- A computer is a programmable electronic device. It takes data through input devices. It processes the data according to a sequence of instructions provided in the form of a program. The result is called the output and given through some output device. ICT Overview Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the backbone of modern-day technological advancements. It covers a wide range of applications, from telecommunication to computer networking. ICT relies on a combination of hardware, software, and data to deliver efficient communication.  History of ICT Development 7  ELECTRONIC First Generation (Vacuum Tubes) information is sent by electric current (electron movement) whose speed is close to light velocity (300,000 km/second) Was programmed with 6000 multiposition electric switches programs and data were stored in separate memories, so that data entry and alteration were not a boring job Second Generation Computer (Transistor): 1955-1965 The transistor era was marked by the innovation on hardware and some program design methodology (software technology). It used transistor as vacum tubes substitute. “High level” programming language did not depend on independent machine such as ALGOL, COBOL, FORTRAN. Some of the computers were PDP, Third Generation Computer (Integrated Circuit): 1965-1980 In this era some of the development were: IC was used as transistor substitute, so the size was smaller. Semiconductor memory was used as main memory. Microprogramming technique, makes CPU design simpler and more flexible. Parallel processing was used, so counting was faster. Operating system was used. Some types of third generation computer from IBM (Mainframe) were: Fourth Generation Computer (VLSI): 1980 to now In 1980, technology of VLSI (very large scale integration) has enabled the use of hundreds and finally millions of transistors in one chip or micro processor. This technology enables the creation of CPU, memory and other components in a single chip which can be produced massively in a cheap price. At last, it can produce smaller, faster, and cheaper computers, that everyone can afford. This technology starts the era of Personal Computer (PC). Fifth Generation Computer The term fifth generation computer is created by a Japanese to describe a “smart” computer which was built in the mid 1990s. The development involves artificial intelligence, expert system, and natural programming language. The focus of the fifth generation is connectivity, by connecting a computer to other computers, to form parallel computation.  Six Eras of IT https://medium.com/@zbirisingh/six-eras-of-it-thoughts-on-technology-and-platform-cycles-921d9b2fae77 13  Mainframe The introduction of the IBM 1401 and 7090 transistorized machines in 1959 marked the beginning of widespread commercial use of mainframe computers. In 1965, the mainframe computer truly came into its own with the introduction of the IBM 360 series. Mainframe computers became powerful enough to support thousands of online remote terminals connected to the centralized mainframe using proprietary communication protocols and proprietary data lines. 14  Personal Computer & Networking Proliferation of PCs in the 1980s and early 1990s launched a spate of personal desktop productivity software tools—word processors, spreadsheets, electronic presentation software, and small data management programs—that were very valuable to both home and corporate users. These PCs were stand-alone systems until PC operating system software in the 1990s made it possible to link them into networks. Networking is the exchange of information and ideas among people with a common profession or other interest, usually in an informal social setting. 15  Web What is WWW? WWW, which stands for World Wide Web, is a subset of the internet. It is also known as W3 or web. WWW refers to all the web pages or online content that is available on the internet in HTML formatted manner. The web pages and documents available on the internet are connected via hyperlinks. The information available on the web pages can be of various formats consisting of text, image, audio, and video. The WWW or World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN (European library for Nuclear Research) in 1989. 16 The World Wide Web World's First Netscape's Navigator Google Smart Website Goes Search Algorithm Online In 1994, Netscape The first-ever URL was Communications Launched in 1998, created on December developed the Google's search engine 20, 1990, and brought Navigator browser that had a straightforward the world the first incorporated graphics interface, making it website. It only had and text. The work a lot faster than plain text and basic development of the its competitors. It was HTML format weighing web browser marked a also the first search in at only 2.7KB. change in the way engine that used people experienced the PageRank algorithm. internet.  Virtualization Virtualization enables the hardware resources of a single computer—processors, memory, storage and more—to be divided into multiple virtual computers, called virtual machines (VMs). 18  Mobile Computing Mobile Computing is the technology used for transmitting voice and data through small, portable devices using wireless enabled networks. Mobile Computing System is a distributed system, which is connected via a wireless network for communication. The clients or the nodes possess mobility and the ability to provide computing at anytime, anywhere. 19 The Rise of Mobile Technology 1 First Cell Phone Call In 1973, Motorola researcher Martin Cooper made the first-ever cellular phone call to his rival research head at Bell Labs, Joel Engel. 2 Introduction of iPhone On June 29, 2007, Steve Jobs unveiled the first iPhone, altering the way people access the internet, take photos, and make phone calls. 3 Mobile Payments Launched in 2011 as Google Wallet, mobile payments have transformed the payment industry by allowing people to make payments with a mobile app and avoid carrying cash and cards. 4 Virtual Assistants Virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant emerged in 2011 and quickly gained popularity. They have revolutionized the way people interact with their technology devices. Cloud Computing Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications, and other IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. © 2019 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.  Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. 22  Internet of Things (IoT) The Internet of Things (IoT) primarily refers to any device, appliance, instrument, or machine that can connect to the internet. They contain sensors, software, and other technologies used to link and exchange data between systems and devices over the Internet. 23 Internet of Things (IoT) The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected devices that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that enable them to exchange data and interact with other devices and systems. 1 Smart Homes IoT enabled devices are transforming homes into Smart Cities 2 intelligent and connected spaces The use of IoT in urban planning by allowing devices to is enabling cities to become communicate and exchange data. smarter and more efficient by optimizing traffic flow, reducing 3 Industry 4.0 energy consumption, and The use of IoT in manufacturing is improving public services. creating a new era of automation and optimization through predictive maintenance, real-time optimization, and reduced downtime. Edge Computing A decentralized computing infrastructure that brings compute resources closer to the end-user. This technology reduces latency and increases computation efficiency.  Historical Timeline A Activity Historical Timeline (15 minutes): c Display a chronological timeline on a whiteboard, screen, or distribute t printed handouts that illustrate key milestones in the history of information technology. i Briefly explain each milestone, highlighting its significance: v Early computing machines (e.g., Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine) i Invention of the first electronic computer (e.g., ENIAC) Development of the internet and the World Wide Web t Emergence of personal computers and smartphones y Open the floor for questions and encourage students to express their curiosity about any of the milestones. 26 27 https://www.founderjar.com/new-technology-trends/  Technology in Everyday Life A c t Activity Technology in Everyday Life (15 i minutes): v Conduct a whole-class discussion to explore the i pervasive role of IT in various aspects of daily life: t Communication (e.g., email, social media, y video calls) Education (e-learning, online research, digital textbooks) Healthcare (telemedicine, electronic health records) Entertainment (streaming services, gaming) Students to share and present their own experiences and anecdotes related to these areas. 29 Implications for the Future As emerging technologies continue to evolve and transform industries, the future holds many possibilities. Architecture and Transportation Healthcare Construction The use of autonomous The use of personalized The use of emerging vehicles, smart traffic medicine, gene editing, technologies such as AR, management systems, and and bioengineering VR, and AI in architecture hyperloop technology is technologies is and construction is transforming accelerating treatments for revolutionizing how transportation systems and chronic and genetic buildings are designed, reducing congestion while diseases and transforming constructed and improving safety and the healthcare industry. maintained. efficiency. Jobs in 2025 https://www.jobstreet.com.sg/career-advice/article/jobs-2025-expect-survive Questions ▪ What is information technology (IT)? ▪ Describe the different types of computer trends. ▪ What is emerging technology in IT? THANK YOU In the Name of God for Mankind utm.my univteknologimalaysia utmofficial