HL Europe in the Interwar Years PDF

Classwork Date: Sunday 16 February 2025 Title: HL – Europe in the Interwar years Do Now Activity Time Check the time limiter Remaining From GCSE what can you reme...

Classwork Date: Sunday 16 February 2025 Title: HL – Europe in the Interwar years Do Now Activity Time Check the time limiter Remaining From GCSE what can you remember about the weakness of the Weimar Republic? Task To what extent do you believe that it was doomed from the start? Classwork Date: Title: HL Europe in the interwar years Good Outstanding To acquire a strong To make an initial judgement of understanding of the History the success of the Weimar IBDP HL syllabus Republic Keywords: Interwar Constitution Exile Democracy  Year 12 – HL Europe in the Interwar Years Weimar Germany HL requires learners to study 3 Crisis in Germany in depth topics. Europe in the Interwar Years Stresemann Era delves deeper into the socio/political and economic state of Germany following WW1. Rise of Hitler Hitler’s Germany Pupils will study the rise of Hitler in greater depth than GCSE as well as the rise of fascism in Italy and Spain. Resistance to the Nazis They will study how Europe transformed after WW1 and set the stage for the largest global conflict in History. Skills Covered Chronology, change/continuity, comparison, significance, causation, consequence, inference, reliability, purpose, utility 14: European states in the inter-war years (1918–1939) This section deals with the domestic developments in Italy, Germany and Spain in the inter-war years. In addition, it is possible to study the domestic developments of one other European country: this gives scope to do a study of the country in which your school is situated, or to provide overlap with, for instance, the Soviet Union which you may be covering for another paper. Specifically, students need to cover the following: Weimar Germany: the initial crises of the years 1918 - 23, the Golden era of Stresemann and then the rise of Hitler after 1929 Hitler's Germany: his consolidation of power 1933 - 34, his economic, social and policies, the nature and organisation of the Nazi state and the extent of resistance to the Nazis Italy: reasons for the rise of Mussolini, his consolidation of power, social, political and economic policies. The nature of the fascist state Spain: political developments from 1918 leading to the outbreak of civil war in 1936. Foreign involvement in the war and the reasons for Franco's victory One case study of another European country (Britain)  The Weimar Republic (1918 - 1933) What was Germany like on the eve of the First World War? What problems did Germany face in 1918? What was the significance of the new constitution? What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles? What political challenges did the Weimar Republic face 1918 – 1923? What economic challenges did the Weimar Republic face 1918 – 1923? Why is the period 1923 – 1929 known as the ‘Golden era’ of the Weimar Republic? Why were Hitler and the Nazis able to gain support after 1929? Why was Hitler made Chancellor in 1933? Task - 10 mins Research the key features of the German Empire on the eve of the First World War under the following headings. You can make notes under these headings or create a mind map using these headings. The political system: Kaiser, Chancellor, the Reichstag - what were the powers and function of each? Political and social groupings: aims of the Junkers, the workers, different political parties Role of the army The state of the economy Can you summarise the structure of these German interests by creating a visual diagram?  The Weimar Republic (1918 - 1933) What was Germany like on the eve of the First World War? What problems did Germany face in 1918? What was the significance of the new constitution? What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles? What political challenges did the Weimar Republic face 1918 – 1923? What economic challenges did the Weimar Republic face 1918 – 1923? Why is the period 1923 – 1929 known as the ‘Golden era’ of the Weimar Republic? Why were Hitler and the Nazis able to gain support after 1929? Why was Hitler made Chancellor in 1933? On your documents, write your own definition for each of these key terms Republic Soviet Left-wing and right-wing Conservatism Reactionary Authoritarian Coalition Proportional representation Putsch Marxism  https://youtu.be/R9wgefi8lqU Task Watch the following video, Armistice, by David Reynolds, from 22 minutes in until 34 minutes. This shows the final attempt by Ludendorff to win the war. 1. What were Ludendorff's aims in launching a new offensive? 2. What factors determined his timing of this offensive? 3. What were the key features of this attack? 4. How did this change the style of fighting that had been so characteristic of trench warfare up until this moment? 5. What successes did it achieve? 6. Why did it ultimately fail? Task – 10 mins Research the domestic situation inside of Germany by the start of 1918; What was the situation with regard to agricultural production? What was the mood of the population? What was the impact of the British Blockade? Discuss: What was Germany’s biggest problem? Formulate an argument and persuade me that is WAS NOT the mood of the populaiton  With Germany facing defeat and the threat of invasion, Lundendorff decided that it was necessary to ask for an armistice. He hoped that this would be based on President Wilson's 14 points, and to try to ensure a better deal from the Allies he persuaded the Kaiser to hand power over to a civilian government. This would also serve the purpose of helping to allay German demands inside Germany for political reform. y – End In October 1918, Prince Max von Baden was appointed Chancellor and constitutional reforms now made the chancellor and his government accountable to the Reichstag rather than the of WW1 Kaiser and the armed forces were put under the control of the civilian government. Negotiations were also started with the Allies for an armistice. However, the 'revolution from above' did not go far enough and there was now also threat of 'revolution from below'; mutinies at the naval bases of Kiel and Wilhelmshaven, the establishment of soviets or workers councils in cities and the declaration of a Republic in Bavaria. In response Prince Max announced that the Kaiser would resign and he handed over the Chancellorship to Task – Thinking – 10 mins Load document 1a) Scheidemann’s speech. Read through the speech and answer the questions that are at the bottom. THINK: What makes a source strong or weak (CNOP)  Task 1. What was the Ebert-Groener Pact? 2. What was the Stinnes-Legien Agreement? 3. Work together. What issues did Ebert as the new President of the new German Republic have to deal with? Group your points under the themes of economic, social, military, political. K – Biggest challenges were economic and social N – Biggest challenges were military and pollical Use 1b. In Google Classroom and your own research  The Weimar Republic (1918 - 1933) What was Germany like on the eve of the First World War? What problems did Germany face in 1918? What was the significance of the new constitution? What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles? What political challenges did the Weimar Republic face 1918 – 1923? What economic challenges did the Weimar Republic face 1918 – 1923? Why is the period 1923 – 1929 known as the ‘Golden era’ of the Weimar Republic? Why were Hitler and the Nazis able to gain support after 1929? Why was Hitler made Chancellor in 1933?  TASK Using document 1c. 1. What do you see as: a. the strengths of the constitution? (10) b. the weaknesses of the constitution? (10) c. the aspects of the constitution which would appeal to workers? d. the aspects of the constitution which would appeal to more conservative groups such as industrialists? 2. What evidence can you find to support Ernst Troeltsch's statement that 'Over night we became the most radical democracy in Europe'? 3. What were the potential (a) advantages and (b) disadvantages of having proportional representation as the voting system?  The Weimar Republic (1918 - 1933) What was Germany like on the eve of the First World War? What problems did Germany face in 1918? What was the significance of the new constitution? What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles? What political challenges did the Weimar Republic face 1918 – 1923? What economic challenges did the Weimar Republic face 1918 – 1923? Why is the period 1923 – 1929 known as the ‘Golden era’ of the Weimar Republic? Why were Hitler and the Nazis able to gain support after 1929? Why was Hitler made Chancellor in 1933?